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자궁근종 및 자궁근의 Estrogen수용체에 관한 연구
조수용,이갑노,박상진,박혜림 대한산부인과학회 1990 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.33 No.5
1988년 12월부터 1989년 3월까지 고려대학교부속 구로병원 산부인과로 내원하여 자궁근종으로 진단받고 자궁적출술을 받은 22명의 환자를 대상으로, 수술검체에서 ER content를 측정하여, 혈중 estradiol 및 progesteron, 환자 나이, 몸무게, 월경주기, 분만횟수, 자궁의 무게, 자궁근종의 크기 등과 조직내의 ER함량과의 관계를 비교 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수술후의 estradiol 및 progesterone의 혈중 농도는 감소하였지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 환자의 연령의 증가에 따른 ER함량이, 정상 자궁근에서 증가되는 경향(r=0.2490, p=0.152)을 보여주었으나, 자궁 근종에서는 감소하는 경향(r=-0.3587, p=0.066)을 보였다. 3. 환자의 몸무게의 증가에 따른 ER함량은 정상 자궁근(r=0.0472, p=0.481)과 자궁근종(r=0.2219, p=0.196)에서 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 4. 자궁의 무게가 무거워짐에 따른 ER함량도 정상 자궁근(r=0.2038)과 자궁근종(r=0.1002)에서 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 월경주기별로는 증식기보다 분비기에서 정상 자궁근 및 자궁근종의 ER함량이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 6. 분만힛수의 증가에 따른 ER함량이, 정상 자궁근(r=0.3557, p=0.067)에서는 증가되는 경향을 보여 주었으나, 자궁근종(r=-0.4353, p=0.031)에서는 감소되는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 7. 혈중 estradiol농도와는 정상 자궁근의 ER함량 (r=-0.3824), (p=0.059) 및 자궁 근종의 ER함량(r=-0.0537, p=0.351)이 역(negative) 상관관계를 보였다. 8. 혈중 progesterone농도와는 정상 자궁근의 ER함량(r=0.5245, p=0.015) 및 자궁근종의 ER함량(r=0.1201, p=0.323)이 정(positive) 상관관계를 보였다. Uterine leiomyomas are the most common tumors of the uterus. This investigation was initiated to explore the relationship between ovarian steroid hormones and uterine leiomyomas as manifested by quantitative and qualitative changes in cytoplamic steroid receptors. The 22 women included in this study were evaluated in the Department of Obstetrics Gynecology for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas and underwent hysterectomy. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections were stained for estrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemically with a ER-D5 (ER related antigen) monoclonal antibody kit (Bio-Genex Lab.). The relative intensity of specific cytoplasmic staining in the ER labelled slides measured semiquantitatively with each tissue component (myometrium and leiomyomas) being scored separately. Uterine leiomyomas contain estrogen receptor in quantities comparable to those found in histologically normal uterine tissue. The changes of ER in uterine leiomyomas and myometrium were analyzed as follow: 1. In leiomyoma patients, the mean serum estradiol and progesterone levels were 59.8 ± 13.5 (S.E.) pg/ml and 2.8 ± 0.9 (S.E.) ng/ml. After hysterectomy, the mean serum estradiol and progesterone levels were 48.4 ± 23.7 (S.E.) pg/ml and 0.3 ± 0.1 (S.E.) ng/ml. 2. In myometrium, the correlation between the ER content and age alone showed the positive correlation (r=0.2490, p=0.152) but it showed the negative correlation (r=-0.3587, p=0.066) in leiomyomas. 3. Positive correlation between the ER content and patient weight ( or uterine weight) was noted, but it was not statistically significant. 4. In secretory phase, the mean ER levels of both leiomyomas and myometrium were greater than that observed in proliferative phase. 5. In myometrium, the correlation between the ER content and parity alone showed the positive correlation (r= 0.3557, p= 0.067), but it showed the negative correlation (r=-0.4353, p= 0.031) in leiomyomas. 6. Negative correlation (r= -0.3824) between the ER content and the serum estradiol alone was noted, but it was not statistically significant(p=0.323). 8. The mean ER level in leiomyomas was less than that observed in myometriym(p=0.484).
Pressure and force on a blade row operated in partial admission with different solidity
조수용,안국영,이영덕,김영철 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.2
Partial admission has advantages over full admission for some operating conditions of turbine. However, additional losses such as expansion, mixing, or pumping are generated in partial admission compared to full admission. Thus, an experiment was conducted in a linear cascade apparatus having a partial admission region in order to investigate the effect of partial admission on a blade row. The admission region was formed by a spouting nozzle installed at the inlet of the linear cascade apparatus. Its cross section was circular, and its diameter was 180 mm. The nozzle was set to have a flow angle of 65°. The tested blade was axial-type, and its chord was 200 mm. The experiment was conducted at a Reynolds number of 3 ´ 105 based on the chord. One blade row of nineteen identical blades was applied to the linear cascade for the partial admission experiment, and this blade row moved along the pitchwise direction in front of the admission region. The operating forces and surface pressures on a blade were measured along the direction at the steady state. For investigating the effect of solidity, three different solidities of 1.25, 1.38, and 1.67 were applied to the blade row. From the experimental results, the maximum rotational force and axial force increased for a larger solidity.
조수용,최범석,임형수 한국동력기계공학회 2023 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Variable nozzles to match changing operating conditions in radial-type turbine are effectively used to control the mass flow rate by adjusting the nozzle throat area ratio. In this study, the performance prediction for the radial-type turbine using the variable nozzle was performed. For this purpose, the loss of the nozzle, the loss at the nozzle trailing edge, the loss in the vaneless space, the profile loss of the rotor, the incidence loss, the windage loss, the tip clearance loss, and the loss at the rotor trailing edge are applied. In comparison with the experimental results, a fairly good result was obtained. Smaller nozzle throat area ratios increase the effect of tip clearance and incidence loss. However, the profile loss has the greatest effect for the increase of nozzle throat area ratios. 구심터빈에서 운전조건의 변경에 대등하기 위하여 노즐을 가변하는 것은 효과적인 방법으로노즐목면적비를 조정하여 질량유량을 조절한다. 본 연구에서는 가변노즐을 사용하는 구심터빈의 경우에 성능예측을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 노즐에서의 손실, 노즐 뒷전에서의 손실, 베인리스 공간에서의 손실, 로터에서의 형상손실, 입사각손실, 풍손손실, 팁간극손실, 로터 뒷전에서의 손실들을 적용하여 기존의 실험결과와 비교하여 상당히 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 가변노즐의작동에 따른 각각의 손실에 대한 영향력을 확인하였다. 노즐목면적비가 적으면 팁간극과 입사각손실의영향력이 증대하나 노즐목면적비가 증가하면 형상손실이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.