http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Ryan Saktika Mulyana,Evert Solomon Pangkahila,Tjokorda Gede Astawa Pemayun 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.3
Background: Dengue infection is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Indonesia. Dengue incidence during pregnancy increases with its prevalence among women of reproductive ages. It potentially causes serious maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; however, its impact during a period of disease outbreak has not been described. We aimed to assess the outcomes of pregnancies affected by dengue infection during an outbreak in an endemic area of Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia from April 2016 to April 2017. All pregnant women with clinical symptoms of dengue infection who tested positive for dengue nonstructural protein 1-antigen or anti-dengue immunoglobulin M were included in the study. Clinical features and hematological and biochemical parameters were documented to assess their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Our study population consisted of 41 pregnant women. Most were multigravida (58.5%). Dengue infection without warning signs was observed in 31.7% of the cases, while 53.7% had dengue infection with warning signs, and 14.6% had dengue shock syndrome/severe dengue infection. Most pregnancies were in the third trimester (78%); five cases (12.2%) suffered clinical complications. Preterm delivery was observed in seven cases (17.1%). Most patients (75.6%) decided to seek medical treatment at a critical phase of dengue infection (days 3–6). Conclusion: The high incidence of associated morbidity and mortality should warrant clinicians in endemic regions to consider diagnoses of dengue infection when treating pregnant women with clinical signs and symptoms. Patients should be treated at centers with adequate resources for monitoring and emergency procedures. A more intensive study is needed in the future aiming to make a more comprehensive guideline.
Business and Local Taxation in the Philippines
Ryan Tans 동아시아연구원 2020 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.20 No.3
This article argues that weak local governments increase levels of taxation by “borrowing” institutional capacity from certain types of businesses. While many businesses lobby against taxation, businesses that are locally owned, nationally connected, and logistically complex build robust associations that support taxation. These types of businesses benefit from improvements in public infrastructure, so they empower their associations to monitor members’ tax compliance and to pressure officials to uphold their spending commitments. The article demonstrates the necessity of business support for taxation in the absence of state capacity by comparing two Philippine cities that differ in their ability to tax despite a number of similarities between them. The case studies show that tax increases co-varied with business support, and that business support waxed and waned depending on over-time variation in the capability of business associations to discourage tax evasion and to enforce official commitments to spend on infrastructure.
Ryan Rhee,Kyounghoon Moon,Bongyoung Yoo 한국표면공학회 2018 한국표면공학회지 Vol.51 No.4
Permalloy(Ni80-Fe20) which is known for its soft magnetic properties is a well-known material that has been studied intensively. Permalloy nanoflakes were fabricated with the combination of electrodeposition and sonication process. Ultrasonic power was applied to the deposited alloy which produced nanoflakes in forms of sheet. High internal stress created cracks which helped the peeling of permalloy into nanosheets. Because of shape anisotropy, flakes could be aligned by magnetic field. The magnetic properties of the nanosheets were observed, and the variation of magnetic properties with the alignment of flake was also investigated.
Ryan Firdiansyah Suryawan,Basneldi, Mochammad Fatchoelqorib,Renil Septiano,Laynita Sari,Sri Widodo,Sri Yanthy Yosepha,Sugianto,Nurwulan Kusuma Devi 대한산업공학회 2022 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.21 No.3
Facility location is an integral part of organizational strategy that can play an essential role in the strategic orientations of the organization. This activity includes many factors that may be inherently conflicting, so that if the necessary checks are not made when choosing a location, it can affect the life of the organization in the long run. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location of facilities in the supply chain distribution and develop a new mathematical model for this problem. This research method uses quantitative, the problem instances have been generated with a variety of different conditions and then solved with the proposed model using the exact solution software GAMS. The results of optimizing the supply chain facility location model show that considering long-term decisions simultaneously can lead to a drastic reduction in supply chain costs.
Ryan Sungpyo Sohn 한국관세학회 2018 한국관세학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11
On July 10, 2018, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) issued a statement on proposed action of an additional 10% duty on products of China worth approximately $200 billion. The USTR lists out 6,031 tariff subheadings in an annex to the announcement that will be subject to the 10% ad valorem duty. This action by the USTR is in response to a directive from the President to identify additional trade remedy actions that the US could take in response to China’s retaliatory tariffs based on US imposition of 25% tariffs on $34 billion in Chinese imports. The USTR will seek public comments and will hold a public hearing for the proposed additional tariffs. Thus this is the right time to suggest alternative dispute resolution initiating such as arbitration and mediation.
Ryan Murray,Segundo Conales Jr.,Gonzalo Araujo,Jessica Labaja,Sally J. Snow,Simon J. Pierce,Angelique Songco,Alessandro Ponzo 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.1
Elasmobranchs are experiencing population declines worldwide because of anthropogenic stressors. Marineprotected areas (MPAs) have been shown to benefit mesopredatory species of shark. The Tubbataha ReefsNatural Park (TRNP) is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Siteand the largest no-take MPA in the Philippines, yet information on the current status of elasmobranchs in thepark is limited. Here, we investigate the abundance and biodiversity of elasmobranchs in TRNP using underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys. Twenty UVC wereconducted in May 2015 (n ¼ 10) and June 2016 (n ¼ 10), documenting eight species of elasmobranchs with anaverage density of 7.18 sharks ha-1 for both years. A total of 113 successful BRUV surveys were conducted inTRNP between MarcheJune 2015 (n ¼ 47) and AprileJune 2016 (n ¼ 66). The BRUV surveys recorded 14species with an average catch per unit effort of 2.09 elasmobranchs per hour for both years. Both surveymethods report some of the highest densities of the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and thewhitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus documented worldwide. This study underlines the importance of large,well-managed MPAs such as TRNP for the conservation of reef-associated elasmobranchs.