Metabolic and Hemodynamic Results and Early Complications in Simultaneous Bilateral versus Unilateral Hip Arthroscopy

Bernardo Aguilera-Bohórquez,Mauricio Pachón,Miguel Sánchez,Orlando Ramos-Cardozo,Erika Cantor 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.4

Background: To compare the hemodynamic parameters—electrolyte concentration, D-dimer level, creatine phosphokinase level—and the incidence of early complications of simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral hip arthroscopy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients (> 18 years of age) undergoing unilateral or bilateral hip arthroscopy under the same anesthetic between 2013 and 2015. Patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery. In all cases, data were collected before, during, and after the surgical procedure. Results: One hundred cases of hip arthroscopy (51 unilateral and 49 bilateral) were included in this study. There was a greater variation in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the unilateral group. The sodium levels were higher in the bilateral group with an adjusted mean difference of 5.31 mmol/L (p < 0.001). During the first 24 hours after the procedure, the proportion of patients with an altered D-dimer of > 500 ng/mL was 85.7% in the bilateral group and 56.9% in the unilateral group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups (bilateral, 8.2%; unilateral, 9.8%; crude odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 2.92; p = 0.526). Conclusions: The variations of hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy remained within normal ranges. The findings of this study suggest that bilateral hip arthroscopy be selected according to the patient’s condition, considering that the risk of complications and metabolic alterations in bilateral hip arthroplasty are similar to those in unilateral arthroscopy.

Formative research and development of an evidence-based communication strategy: the introduction of Vi typhoid fever vaccine among school-aged children in Karachi, Pakistan.

Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3

<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>

Hormone Replacement the Rapy in the Menopause Efects of Estrogens and Progestogens on the Cardiovascular System

(Thierry D. Pache) 대한폐경학회 1996 대한폐경학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.- No.1

THE AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF COMMUTING GRAPH OF A FINITE GROUP

Mirzargar, Mahsa,Pach, Peter P.,Ashrafi, A.R. Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.4

Let G be a finite group and X be a union of conjugacy classes of G. Define C(G,X) to be the graph with vertex set X and $x,y{\in}X$ ($x{\neq}y$) joined by an edge whenever they commute. In the case that X = G, this graph is named commuting graph of G, denoted by ${\Delta}(G)$. The aim of this paper is to study the automorphism group of the commuting graph. It is proved that Aut(${\Delta}(G)$) is abelian if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}2$; ${\mid}Aut({\Delta}(G)){\mid}$ is of prime power if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}2$, and ${\mid}Aut({\Delta}(G)){\mid}$ is square-free if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}3$. Some new graphs that are useful in studying the automorphism group of ${\Delta}(G)$ are presented and their main properties are investigated.

고초균 섬유소 분해효소의 p-Nitrophenyl cellobioside의 분해

김훈,박무영 順天大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Bacillus megaterium 형질전환주 (pCK98)로 부터 정제된 고초균의 섬유소 분해효소의 촉매반응의 특성을 저분자량의 기질인 p-nitrophenyl cellobioside (PNPC)를 사용하여 조사하였다. 기질 PNPC에 대한 이 효소의 Km과 Vm의 값은 각각 2.82 mM과 12μmol/min/mg protein으로 결정되었다. 유리효소의 pK값은 5.25과 7.30으로, ES복합체의 경우는 5.03과 7.42로 측정되었다. 이 효소는 carbodiimide와 diethylpyrocarbonate에 의하여 완전히 저해되였다. 이상의 결과로 PNPC의 가수분해 반응에는 carboxy 기와 imidazole기가 관여됨을 알 수 있었다. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl cellobioside (PNPC) by Bacillus subtilis BSE616 endo-β-1,4-glucanase produced in B.megaterium (pCK98) recombinant was investigated. In this hydrolysis reaction, the Km and Vm values were determined to 2.82 mM and 12μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The pK values of the free enzyme and ES-complex were found to be 5.25, 7.30 and 5.03, 7.42, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by the treament with carbodiimide and diethylpyrocarbonate. The carboxyl and imidazole groups may be involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of PNPC.

Tandem Solar Cells from Solution-Processed CdTe and PbS Quantum Dots Using a ZnTe–ZnO Tunnel Junction

Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2

<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Enhanced Multiple Exciton Generation in PbS|CdS Janus-like Heterostructured Nanocrystals

Kroupa, Daniel M.,Pach, Gregory F.,Vö,rö,s, Má,rton,Giberti, Federico,Chernomordik, Boris D.,Crisp, Ryan W.,Nozik, Arthur J.,Johnson, Justin C.,Singh, Rohan,Klimov, Victor I.,Galli, American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.10

<P>Generating multiple excitons by a single high-energy photon is a promising third-generation solar energy conversion strategy. We demonstrate that multiple exciton generation (MEG) in PbS|CdS Janus-like heteronanostructures is enhanced over that of single-component and core/shell nanocrystal architectures, with an onset close to two times the PbS band gap. We attribute the enhanced MEG to the asymmetric nature of the heteronanostructure that results in an increase in the effective Coulomb interaction that drives MEG and a reduction of the competing hot exciton cooling rate. Slowed cooling occurs through effective trapping of hot-holes by a manifold of valence band interfacial states having both PbS and CdS character, as evidenced by photoluminescence studies and <I>ab initio</I> calculations. Using transient photocurrent spectroscopy, we find that the MEG characteristics of the individual nanostructures are maintained in conductive arrays and demonstrate that these quasi-spherical PbS|CdS nanocrystals can be incorporated as the main absorber layer in functional solid-state solar cell architectures. Finally, based upon our analysis, we provide design rules for the next generation of engineered nanocrystals to further improve the MEG characteristics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Social and Economic Burden Associated With Typhoid Fever in Kathmandu and Surrounding Areas: A Qualitative Study

Kaljee, Linda M,Pach, Alfred,Garrett, Denise,Bajracharya, Deepak,Karki, Kshitji,Khan, Imran Oxford University Press 2018 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Typhoid fever is a significant contributor to infectious disease mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia. With increasing antimicrobial resistance, commonly used treatments are less effective and risks increase for complications and hospitalizations. During an episode of typhoid fever, households experience multiple social and economic costs that are often undocumented. In the current study, qualitative interview data from Kathmandu and surrounding areas provide important insights into the challenges that affect those who contract typhoid fever and their caregivers, families, and communities, as well as insight into prevention and treatment options for health providers and outreach workers. When considering typhoid fever cases confirmed by blood culture, our data reveal delays in healthcare access, financial and time costs burden on households, and the need to increase health literacy. These data also illustrate the impact of limited laboratory diagnostic equipment and tools on healthcare providers’ abilities to distinguish typhoid fever from other febrile conditions and treatment challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance. In light of these findings, there is an urgent need to identify and implement effective preventive measures including vaccination policies and programs focused on at-risk populations and endemic regions such as Nepal.</P>

Uptake during an oral cholera vaccine pilot demonstration program, Odisha, India.

Kar, Shantanu K,Pach, Alfred,Sah, Binod,Kerketta, Anna S,Patnaik, Bikash,Mogasale, VijayaLaxmi,Kim, Yang Hee,Rath, Shyam Bandhu,Shin, Sunheang,Khuntia, Hemant K,Bhattachan, Anuj,Puri, Mahesh K,Wierzba Landes Bioscience 2014 Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Vol.10 No.10

<P>Approximately 30% of reported global cholera cases occur in India. In 2011, a household survey was conducted 4 months after an oral cholera vaccine pilot demonstration project in Odisha India to assess factors associated with vaccine up-take and exposure to a communication and social mobilization campaign. Nine villages were purposefully selected based on socio-demographics and demonstration participation rates. Households were stratified by level of participation and randomly selected. Bivariate and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted. 517/600 (86%) selected households were surveyed. At the household level, participant compared to non-participant households were more likely to use the local primary health centers for general healthcare (P < 0.001). Similarly, at the village level, higher participation was associated with use of the primary health centers (P < 0.001) and private clinics (p = 0.032). Also at the village level, lower participation was associated with greater perceived availability of effective treatment for cholera (p = 0.013) and higher participation was associated with respondents reporting spouse as the sole decision-maker for household participation in the study. In terms of pre-vaccination communication, at the household level verbal communication was reported to be more useful than written communication. However written communication was perceived to be more useful by respondents in low-participating villages compared to average-participating villages (p = 0.007) These data on participation in an oral cholera vaccine demonstration program are important in light of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations for pre-emptive use of cholera vaccine among vulnerable populations in endemic settings. Continued research is needed to further delineate barriers to vaccine up-take within and across targeted communities in low- and middle-income countries.</P>

The automorphism group of commuting graph of a finite group

Mahsa Mirzargar,Peter P. Pach,A. R. Ashrafi 대한수학회 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.4

Let G be a finite group and X be a union of conjugacy classes of G. Define C(G,X) to be the graph with vertex set X and x, y ∈ X (x ≠ y) joined by an edge whenever they commute. In the case that X = G, this graph is named commuting graph of G, denoted by △(G). The aim of this paper is to study the automorphism group of the commuting graph. It is proved that Aut(△(G)) is abelian if and only if |G| ≤ 2 |Aut(△(G))| is of prime power if and only if |G| ≤ 2, and |Aut(△(G))| is square-free if and only if |G| ≤ 3. Some new graphs that are useful in studying the automorphism group of △(G) are presented and their main properties are investigated.