Comparisons of computed mobile phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that in anatomically correct models of the human head

Beard, B.B.,Kainz, W.,Onishi, T.,Iyama, T.,Watanabe, S.,Fujiwara, O.,Wang, Jianqing,Bit-Babik, G.,Faraone, A.,Wiart, J.,Christ, A.,Kuster, N.,Lee, Ae-Kyoung,Kroeze, H.,Siegbahn, M.,Keshvari, J.,Abrish [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2006 IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility Vol.48 No.2

The specific absorption rates (SAR) determined computationally in the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and anatomically correct models of the human head when exposed to a mobile phone model are compared as part of a study organized by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 34, Sub-Committee 2, and Working Group 2, and carried out by an international task force comprising 14 government, academic, and industrial research institutions. The detailed study protocol defined the computational head and mobile phone models. The participants used different finite-difference time-domain software and independently positioned the mobile phone and head models in accordance with the protocol. The results show that when the pinna SAR is calculated separately from the head SAR, SAM produced a higher SAR in the head than the anatomically correct head models. Also the larger (adult) head produced a statistically significant higher peak SAR for both the 1- and 10-g averages than did the smaller (child) head for all conditions of frequency and position.

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David Beard 세계평화교수협의회 1999 廣場 Vol.209 No.-

Dielectric Response of Human Melanoma Cells on the Surface of Polymeric Chemoattractants

Richard B. Beard,김현주,로현,문기욱,전흥재 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2012 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.9 No.1

The influences of dielectric properties on the malignant cell adhesion and migration have been investigated. The Wistar Melanomas, primary (WM793) and metastatic (WM1205), respectively, were chosen as the model cell lines because of their pleomorphic and invasive characteristics, and the dielectric relaxation frequencies of the cells were determined using the impedance spectroscopy. Both WM793 and WM1205 showed the enhanced adhesion and the interesting changes in their morphology under the dielectric stimulations. However, it was found that the changed conditions of cell adhesion due to dielectric relaxation did not influence the migrational behavior of the cells.

Comparative Drought Resistances among Eleven Warm-Season Turfgrasses and Associated Plant Parameters

Kim, Ki Sun,Beard, James B. The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.3

Comparative drought resistances of 11 perennial warm-season turfgrasses were evaluated in the field after withholding irrigation for 48 days in summer I and 57 days in summer II. There were significant variations among the grasses in their drought resistances. From two years study of field shoot recovery from drought stress, the relative rankings among the 11 warm-season turfgrasses was as follows. 'Arizona Common' and 'Texturf 10' bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 'Tifgreen' hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy], and 'Georgia Common' centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Mack.] possessed good drought resistances, whereas 'Texas Common' St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass [Cyndon dactylon (L.) Pers ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy] possessed poor drought resistances. 'Texas Common' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), and 'Adalayd' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), 'Emerald' zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud. ${\times}$ Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) were found to rank intermediate. Visual leaf firing showed the highest correlation (r=-0.84) to shoot recovery from drought stress. Visual leaf rolling (r=-0.59) and canopy-air temperature differential (r=-0.64) also showed very significant correlations, whereas leaf water potential (r=0.54) showed relatively lower correlation.

Comparative Drought Resistances among Eleven Warm-Season Turfgrasses and Associated Plant Parameters

김기선,James B. Beard 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.3

Comparative drought resistances of 11 perennial warm-season turfgrasses were evaluated in the field after withholding irrigation for 48 days in summer I and 57 days in summer II. There were significant variations among the grasses in their drought resistances. From two years study of field shoot recovery from drought stress, the relative rankings among the 11 warm-season turfgrasses was as follows. ‘Arizona Common’ and ‘Texturf 10’ bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], ‘Tifgreen’ hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Davy], and ‘Georgia Common’ centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Mack.] possessed good drought resistances, whereas ‘Texas Common’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cyndon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Davy] possessed poor drought resistances. ‘Texas Common’ buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), and ‘Adalayd’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), ‘Emerald’ zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud. x Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) were found to rank intermediate. Visual leaf firing showed the highest correlation (r=-0.84) to shoot recovery from drought stress. Visual leaf rolling (r=-0.59) and canopy-air temperature differential (r=-0.64) also showed very significant correlations, whereas leaf water potential (r=0.54) showed relatively lower correlation.

Potassium isotope fractionation between K-salts and saturated aqueous solutions at room temperature: Laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations

Li, Weiqiang,Kwon, Kideok D.,Li, Shilei,Beard, Brian L. Pergamon Press 2017 Geochimica et cosmochimica acta Vol.214 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Improvements in mass spectrometry have made it possible to identify naturally occurring K isotope (<SUP>39</SUP>K/<SUP>41</SUP>K) variability in terrestrial samples that can be used in a variety of geological and biological applications that involve cycling of K such as clay or evaporite formation. However, our ability to interpret K isotope variability is limited by a poor understanding of how K isotopes are fractionated at low temperatures. In this study, we conducted recrystallization experiments of eight K-salts in order to measure the K isotope fractionation factor between the salt and the saturated K solution (Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-sol</SUB>). Measured Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-sol</SUB> are +0.50‰ for K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>·1.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O, +0.32‰ for K<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>, +0.23‰ for KHCO<SUB>3</SUB>, +0.06‰ for K<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O, +0.02‰ for KCl, −0.03‰ for K<SUB>2</SUB>CrO<SUB>4</SUB>, −0.15‰ for KBr, and −0.52‰ for KI. Overall the Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-sol</SUB> decreases with increasing <I>r</I> for K in crystals, where <I>r</I> is the average distance between a K atom and its neighboring atoms of negative charge. Salts with monovalent anions and salts with divalent anion complexes define different linear trends with distinct slopes on a plot of Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-sol</SUB> - <I>r</I>. We applied <I>ab initio</I> lattice dynamics and empirical crystal-chemistry models to calculation of K isotope fractionation factors between K salts; both methods showed that the calculated inter-mineral K isotope fractionation factors (Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-KCl</SUB>) are highly consistent with experimentally derived Δ<SUP>41</SUP>K<SUB>min-KCl</SUB> under the assumption of consistent β factors for different saturated K solutions. Formulations for the crystal-chemistry model further indicate that both anion charge and bond length <I>r</I> are the principle controlling factors for K isotope fractionation, and the K isotope fractionation factors correlate with <I>r</I> following a 1/<I>r</I> <SUP>3</SUP> relationship. Our experiment and theoretical study confirms the existence of significant equilibrium K isotope fractionation at ambient conditions, and the K isotope fractionation factors for halides and sulfate obtained in this study provide a basis for future K isotope studies on evaporites.</P>

국외논문정보 - 필터 별 석면 섬유 포집 및 분석 효율: 노출 평가에 대한 의미

Vallero, Daniel A.,Kominsky, John R.,Beard, Michael E. 대한산업보건협회 2009 산업보건 Vol.257 No.-

Quotas and Quality in an International Duopoly

( Henry Thompson ),( George Sweeney ),( T. Randolph Beard ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.2

This paper examines possible adjustments to a change in a binding quota in the context of an international duopoly. Consumers directly value embodied quality of goods, which is chosen simultaneously with quantity, and before quantity in a sequential model. Possible responses to a small change in a binding quota are derived. The same three types of equilibria occur in the simultaneous and sequential models. Foreign quality downgrading can occur if domestic quality falls, and is more likely starting with a low quantity of high quality imports. Domestic quality and quantity respond in opposite directions. Welfare effects are discussed.

Rethinking the teaching of grammar from the perspective of corpus linguistics

Chongwon Park,Elizabethada Wright,David Beard,Ron Regal 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2019 언어연구 Vol.36 No.1

Despite calls from many composition and rhetoric scholars for instructors of writing to stop teaching prescriptive grammar, a vast number of handbooks intended for college writing classes encourage this tradition. For example, Hacker’s Pocket Style Manual has a section on grammar with instructions for students on how to write appropriately. While Hacker may not intend for her instructions to be taken as dictums, they often are, and much time is spent in many classrooms teaching students these rules of grammar. This article uses the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) to support the calls from composition and rhetoric scholars that prescriptive instruction in grammar is more a hindrance to writing instruction than a benefit. Focusing on a few specifics from frequently used grammar handbooks and illustrating how big data shows the “rules” are incorrect at best, this article argues that, just as scholars of English have begun using big data to better understand literary history, scholars of rhetoric and composition might better understand how to help students to write by understanding patterns within big data. Certainly, this argument recognizes that “common usage” may not necessarily be the most eloquent usage. In making this argument, this article focuses on the [neither or either of X] + Verb construction, where the Verb may have either a plural or a singular form. Our findings illustrate that the “real world” writing is different from what textbooks dictate, and we suggest the data-driven observations need to be appropriately incorporated in writing classes.

Quotas and Quality in an International Duopoly

Sweeney, George,Thompson, Henry,Randolph Beard, T. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.2

This paper examines possible adjustments to a change in a binding quota in the context of an international duopoly. Consumers directly value embodied quality of goods, which is chosen simultaneously with quantity, and before quantity in a sequential model. Possible responses to a small change in a binding quota are derived. The same three types of equilibria occur in the simultaneous and sequential models. Foreign quality downgrading can occur if domestic quality falls, and is more likely starting with a low quantity of high quality imports. Domestic quality and quantity respond in opposite directions. Welfare effects are discussed.