한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

레저 스포츠 시설과 서비스 분석

임영삼(Young Sam Lim),김경렬(Kyung Ryoul Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2001 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.20 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the facilities and service of public golf links by making an analysis on the actual condition and satisfaction of the users, so as to suggest that public golf links should contribute greatly to the popularization of Korean golf. To accomplish this, self-administered questionnaire was used in this study. In making the questionnaire, previous literature was referred and the questions related to this study were selected after being amended properly to the purpose. Through pilot study, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were verified. The subjects of this study were 236 who were the users of nine-hole O public links, K public links, T public links, and L public links located in Kyung-Ki province. Mean, frequency, and standard deviation were used in the method of statistical analysis. As results of this study, the following conclusive statements were made. 1. It should be urgent to keep the balance of supply and demand of golf population through enlarging public golf links. It should be demanded to arouse sympathy from the people and to build golf links when considering the protection of environment. 2. In the aspect of booking, it would be preferred to play a round in order of awaiting their turn rather than to book previously. This system is just like a foreign system. 3. It is appeared that the users are generally satisfied with costs, facilities, distance, and service. But as constructing new golf links and cutting down taxes and additional expenses, the realization of economizing the costs to spend in playing golf would be possible. It would be a good idea to reclaim wild land to build golf links. Finally, I suggest that we should bear that in mind to develop public golf links will be a great contribution to future popularization of golf in Korea.

CIP 법을 이용한 다상 이동경계면에 대한 해석

박준홍,홍희기,김경훈,이상렬 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1998 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The CIP(Cubic-Interpolated propagation) method which can solve together compressible and incompressible fluid is used to calculate multi-phase moving boundary. As test problems, C-CUP(CIP-Combined Unified Proocedure) was applied to a cavity flow and a broken dam, which have been verifid by lots numerical techniques and experiments. In the cavity flow, the distribution velocity calculated by the CIP method shows a good agreement with that of SIMPLE. In the simulation of collapsing process of dam, exact and sharp boundary was obtained on flowing water, although simple boundary conditions are used only on the rectangular region not water-air interface.

Primary and secondary gait deviations of stroke survivors and their association with gait performance

Kim, Hyung-Sik,Chung, Soon-Cheol,Choi, Mi-Hyun,Gim, Seon-Young,Kim, Woo-Ram,Tack, Gye-Rae,Lim, Dae-Woon,Chun, Sung-Kuk,Kim, Jin-Wook,Mun, Kyung-Ryoul The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.28 No.9

<P>[Purpose] Stroke survivors exhibit abnormal pelvic motion and significantly deteriorated gait performance. Although the gait of stroke survivors has been evaluated at the primary level pertaining to ankle, knee, and hip motions, secondary deviations involving the pelvic motions are strongly related to the primary level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the kinematic differences of the primary and secondary joints and to identify mechanism differences that alter the gait performance of stroke survivors. [Subjects and Methods] Five healthy subjects and five stroke survivors were recruited. All the subjects were instructed to walk at a self-selected speed. The joint kinematics and gait parameters were calculated. [Results] For the stroke survivors, the range of motion of the primary-joint motions were significantly reduced, and the secondary-joint motions were significantly increased. Additionally, for the healthy subjects, the primary joint kinematics were the main factors ensuring gait performance, whereas for the stoke survivors, the secondary-joint motions were the main factors. [Conclusion] The results indicate that while increasing the range of motion of primary-joint movements is the main target to achieve, there is a strong need to constrain and support pelvic motions in order to improve the outcome of gait rehabilitation.</P>

Multifunctional Bilayer Template for Near-Infrared-Sensitive Organic Solar Cells

Kim, Hyungchae,Park, Han Gyeol,Maeng, Min-Jae,Kang, Yu Ri,Park, Kyung Ryoul,Choi, Junho,Park, Yongsup,Kim, Young Dong,Kim, Changsoon American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.19

<P>For organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nonplanar phthalocyanines, it has previously been reported that a thin film composed of triclinic crystals with face-on (or flat-lying)-oriented molecules, typically obtained with a CuI template layer, is desired for optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. However, this work demonstrates that for a PbPc−C<SUB>60</SUB> donor-acceptor pair, less face-on orientation with a broader orientation distribution obtained with a new template layer consisting of a ZnPc/CuI bilayer is more desirable in terms of solar cell efficiency than the face-on orientation. A NIR-sensitive PbPc−C<SUB>60</SUB> OSC employing this bilayer-templated PbPc film is found to increase the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) by 36% on average in the NIR spectral region compared to a device using a CuI-templated PbPc film. Analyses of the change in IQE using the exciton diffusion model and the entropy- and disorder-driven charge-separation model suggest that the improved IQE is attributed to the facilitated dissociation of charge-transfer excitons as well as the reduction in exciton quenching near the indium tin oxide surface.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

The role of serum response factor in hepatocellular carcinoma: an association with matrix metalloproteinase.

Kim, Kyung Ryoul,Bae, Jun Sang,Choi, Ha Na,Park, Ho Sung,Jang, Kyu Yun,Chung, Myoung Ja,Moon, Woo Sung National Hellenic Research Foundation 2011 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.26 No.6

<P>Serum response factor (SRF) regulates tran-scription of immediate early genes and triggers proliferation, migration and differentiation in several types of cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, play a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, expression of SRF and its association with MMPs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been elucidated. We examined the expression levels of SRF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HCC tissues using Western blot assay. We also examined the effect of SRF on MMP expression and enzyme activity in HCC by transfection of SRF cDNA in HLE cells. Protein expression of SRF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed a significant increase in HCC tissues, compared with those of corresponding non-tumor tissues. High SRF expressing HCC tissues showed higher levels of expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, compared with low SRF expressing HCC tissues. In addition, overexpression of SRF in HLE cells led to increased levels of expression of mRNA and protein, as well as increased enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Overexpression of SRF also led to significantly enhanced migration of HLE cells. These results suggest that overexpression of SRF in HCC may play an important role in tumor cell migration and invasion through upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.</P>

Pesticides as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome: Population-based longitudinal study in Korea

Sung-Kyung Kim,박성진,Sei-Jin Chang,Soo-Ki Kim,Jae Seok Song,Hyoung-Ryoul Kim,Sung-Soo Oh,Sang-Baek Koh 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.4

verse health effect that can be associated with pesticide exposure. However, there are few epidemiologic studies on the relationship between pesticide use and MetS incidence. Methods: We examined the causal relationship between pesticide use and MetS incidence in a rural population. We used Data from the Korea Farmers Cohort study of 1,162 participants. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the relationship between pesticide exposure and MetS. Results: The incidence of MetS was 20.7%. Pesticide use increased the RR of MetS incidence. In women, we observed a low-dose effect related to MetS and pesticide exposure. Conclusion: Pesticide exposure was related to the incidence of MetS; the causal relationship differed in men and women.

윈드서핑 활성화 방안

김경렬(Kyung Ryoul Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2004 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.27 No.-

Windsurfing of sailboarding has quickly developed into one of the world`s most popular outdoor activities. A combination of sailing, surfing, water-skiing, and hang gliding, its beginnings are difficult to attribute. The ancient Polynesians and the early surfers deserve credit, but Jim Drake, an aeronautical engineer, and Hoyle Schweitzer are the recent inventors of windsurf board. The board, made of plastic or fiberglass, carries a universal joint capable of swinging completely around. The universal joint carries a mast of fiberglass or aluminum to which the sail or rig is attached. A window appears in the sail which permits the windsurfer or boardsailor to see while steering with the boom. The boom tilts the sail as desired in response to the wind`s direction. The skills are not difficult to master and are easy to remember.

패러글라이딩 안전사고에 관한 연구

김경렬(Kyung Ryoul Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2004 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this research is to examine about paragliding safety accident. We analyzed to achieve such purpose about the existence of the exercise wound, the kind of the exercise wound and the factor of exercise wound. In this Research, We deduce the result 2004 currently with Seoul, Gyeonggi area paragliding coterie. Statistical techniques for data analysis is Frequency, Chi-square(x²) and Means method. The researcher concluded as follows. First, We have the experience which many people are injured the exercise and There is rather many people who the one place is injured others. Second, We were injured most at the landing in paragliding and the reason of wound is almost technique shortage. Third, There is most many abrasion in the kind of the wound and most people chose the hospital treatment. In conclusion, To prevent the safety accident in exercises, We take r ght teachings in the school to be recognized officially.

동시과제가 운전 수행 능력에 미치는 영향 -차량 통제 및 동작신호 해석을 중심으로-

문경률 ( Kyung Ryoul Mun ),최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ),강동원 ( Dong Won Kang ),방윤환 ( Yun Hwan Bang ),김한수 ( Han Soo Kim ),이수정 ( Su Jung Lee ),양재웅 ( Jae Woong Yang ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ),최미현 ( Mi Hyun Choi ),지두환 ( 한국감성과학회 2010 감성과학 Vol.13 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 차량 통제 변인과 동작의 부드러움 변인을 이용하여 동시 과제 수행이 운전 수행 능력에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 제시하는 것이다. 1~2년의 운전 경력을 가진 피험자 20명이 실험에 참여하였다. 피험자는 동작분석을 위해 상지(shoulder, elbow, wrist) 및 하지(knee, ankle, toe)에 9개의 마커를 부착한 후, 운전시뮬레이터를 이용하여 80km/hr로 주행하는 선행 차량과 30m의 간격을 유지하며 직선 주행하도록 하였다. 동시과제는 문자 메시지 보내기와 네비게이션 검색으로 선정하였다. 실험 시간은 2분으로 운전 시작 후 1분은 운전만을, 다음 1분은 운전과 동시과제를 함께 실시하도록 하였고, 각각 운전구간과 동시과제구간으로 정의하였다. 차간거리(Anterior-Posterior Coefficient of Variation, APCV) 및 차선이격거리의 분산계수(Medial-Lateral Coefficient of variation, MLCV)와 저크비용함수(Jerk-cost function, JC)를 이용하여 운전 수행 능력을 평가하였다. APCV는 운전구간에 비해 운전 중 네비게이션 검색 시 222.1% 증가하였다. MLCV는 문자 메시지 전송 과제를 수행할 경우, 318.2%, 네비게이션 검색 과제를 수행할 경우 309.4%가 증가하였다. JC는 운전구간에 비해 동시과제 수행 시, 팔꿈치, 무릎, 발목, 발가락에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 하지마커 전체의 평균값은 문자과제 수행 시 218.2%, 네비게이션 과제 수행 시 294.7%가 증가하였다. 운전 중 동시과제의 수행은 JC를 증가시켜 운전자의 동작의 부드러움을 감소시키고, APCV와 MLCV를 증가시켜 차량의 횡적·종적 통제를 어렵게 한다고 결론 내릴 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task while simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle and smoothness of motion. Fifteen healthy adults having 1~2years driving experience were participated. 9 markers were attached on the subjects` upper(shoulder, elbow, wrist) and lower(knee, ankle, toe) limbs and all subjects were instructed to keep the 30m distance with the front vehicle running at 80km/hr speed. Sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of driving alone for 1 min and driving with secondary task for 1 min, and was defined driving and cognition blocks respectively. To indicate the effects of secondary task, coefficient of variation of distance between vehicles and lane keeping(APCV and MLCV) and jerk-cost function(JC) were analyzed. APCV was increased by 222.1% in SN block. MLCV was increased by 318.2% in STM and 308.4% in SN. JC were increased at the drivers` elbow, knee, ankle and toe, especially the total mean JC of lower limbs were increased by 218.2% in STM and 294.7% in SN. Conclusively, Performing secondary tasks while driving decreased the smoothness of motion with increased JC and disturbed the control of vehicle with increased APCV and MLCV.