Ecotoxicological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity to the equilateral venus clam, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

Park, K.,Kim, R.,Park, J.J.,Shin, H.C.,Lee, J.S.,Cho, H.S.,Lee, Y.G.,Kim, J.,Kwak, I.S. Academic Press 2012 Fish & shellfish immunology Vol.32 No.3

Tributyltin (TBT) is the most common pesticide in marine and freshwater environments. To evaluate the potential ecological risk posed by TBT, we measured biological responses such as growth rate, gonad index, sex ratio, the percentage of intersex gonads, filtration rate, and gill abnormalities in the equilateral venus clam (Gomphina veneriformis). Additionally, the biochemical and molecular responses were evaluated in G. veneriformis exposed to various concentrations of TBT. The growth of G. veneriformis was significantly delayed in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to all tested TBT concentrations. After TBT was administered to G. veneriformis, the gonad index decreased and the sex balance was altered. The percentage of intersex gonads also increased significantly in treated females, whereas no intersex gonads were detected in the solvent control group. Additionally, intersex gonads were detected in male G. veneriformis specimens exposed to relatively high TBT concentrations (20 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). The filtration rate was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis. We also noted abnormal gill morphology in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis. Furthermore, increases in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis clams, regardless of dosage. Vitellogenin gene expression also increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in G. veneriformis exposed to TBT. These results provide valuable information regarding our understanding of the toxicology of TBT in G. veneriformis. Moreover, the responses of biological and molecular factors could be utilized as information for risk assessments and marine monitoring of TBT toxicity.

노인의 성생활 만족도와 우울 간의 관계 연구

곽지은,김슬기,김지혜,이소현,이수진,이혜지,한솔 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know relationship between Sex Life Satisfaction and Depression of the Elderly, provide fundamental information of a sex related nursing intervention health promotion program in order to decrease depression and improve the quality of life for the elderly. Method: The subjects were collected by convenient sampling comprised of 113 elderly. The instruments used for this study were the Hwang’s sex life satisfaction measuring instrument to evaluate sex life satisfaction, the K-GDS(Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) to evaluate depression. Result: The general factors effecting the sex life satisfaction of the elderly were as follows: Religion, Subjective financial condition. The general factors effecting depression were as follows: Personal relationship. Among the characteristics of the sexually active subjects’ sex lives, ‘How often do you enjoy your sexual life’ affected depression. As a result of analyzing Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient in order to figure out the elderly’s perception of the relationship between the level of depression and sex life satisfaction, it showed that there was a statistically significant inverse relationship(p-value of 0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed that the relationship between Sex Life Satisfaction and Depression of Elderly were inversely related with statistical significance. Especially, the all-round quality of life that the elderly subjectively feel was an important factor affecting their sex life satisfaction and depression. Therefore, there should be an institutional improvement for advancement of the level of economic status and health, and a development or practice of program for personal relationships.

Development of a sustained-release recombinant human growth hormone formulation

Kwak, H.H.,Shim, W.S.,Choi, M.K.,Son, M.K.,Kim, Y.J.,Yang, H.C.,Kim, T.H.,Lee, G.I.,Kim, B.M.,Kang, S.H.,Shim, C.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.137 No.2

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy for short stature must be administered as a daily injection because of its poor bioavailability and short half-life. In the present study, a sustained-release formulation of rhGH (SR-rhGH), DA-3003, was prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), zinc oxide and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) as the release modulator, stabilizer, and aggregation-prevention agent, respectively. After a single administration of DA-3003, the elevated concentration of rhGH in plasma was sustained for 14 days in rats and 28 days in monkeys. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which are pharmacodynamic markers of rhGH administration, increased and remained elevated for approximately 28 days in monkeys. Monkeys administered DA-3003 did not develop antibodies to hGH, indicating safety of the SR-rhGH formulation comparable to that observed with daily rhGH injections (Growtropin<SUP>(</SUP>R) II). There were no significant differences in efficacy between Growtropin<SUP>(</SUP>R) II (daily dose of 5 μg/animal for 14 days) and DA-3003 (weekly dose of 35 μg/animal for 14 days with a dosing interval of a week) in hypophysectomized rats, as assessed by changes in body weight and the width of the tibial growth plate. These results show that a sustained-release rhGH formulation, DA-3003, has the potential to be used safely and efficaciously in a weekly dosing regimen.

Electric Probe Measurements at Edge Region During H‐Mode Discharges in KSTAR

Bak, J.G.,Oh, Y.S.,Kim, H.S.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Jeon, Y.M.,Xiao, W.W.,Ko, W.H.,Kim, W.C.,Kwak, J.G.,Woo, H.J.,Chung, K.S.,the KSTAR project team, WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Contributions to plasma physics Vol.53 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Electrical probe measurements are carried out at the scrape‐off‐layer (SOL) and divertor regions in order to investigate the characteristics of edge plasmas during H‐mode discharges in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. Radial profiles of plasma parameters such as electron temperature T<SUB><I>e</I></SUB>, plasma density n<SUB><I>e</I></SUB>, and parallel flow velocity v<I><SUB>‖</SUB></I> are measured by using a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe assembly (FRLPA) at the SOL region. From the FRLPA measurements, it is found that the decay length of temperature λ<I><SUB>Te</SUB></I> and that of density λ<I><SUB>ne</SUB></I> are 2 <I>∼</I> 4 cm and 1 <I>∼</I> 3 cm, respectively. The magnitude of v<I><SUB>‖</SUB></I> near the last closed flux surface (LCFS) is 4 <I>∼</I> 15 km/s. The radial flux due to edge turbulence at the SOL region is investigated by using spectra analysis on electrostatic fluctuation levels such as ion saturation current Ĩ<I><SUB>is</SUB></I> and floating potential <TEX>$ \tilde{\rm V}_f$</TEX> obtained from the FRLPA measurement. The value of the flux is estimated as <I>∼</I> 10<SUP>20</SUP> particle m<SUP>−2</SUP> s <SUP>−1</SUP> near the LCFS. The poloidal distribution of the ion saturation current density j<I><SUB>is</SUB></I> is measured by fixed edge Langmuir probe array (ELPA) at the divertor region, and it is found that the positions of strike points from the ELPA measurement agree well with those reconstructed from the EFIT result using magnetic diagnostic data. From the spectrum analysis on the ELPA measurements at the divertor region during edge localized modes (ELMs) control in the H‐mode discharges, it is observed that the magnitude of <TEX>$ \tilde{\rm j}_{is}$</TEX>(<I>ω</I>) near strike point decreases when the ELMs are suppressed or mitigated (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>

臀位分娩

金駿杰,金鍾壽,鄭鍾鎭,郭顯模 최신의학사 1966 最新醫學 Vol.9 No.5

한국재래산양의 성장에 따른 생리적 변화와 이용 및 질병에 관한 연구

박구부,하정기,임종우,김종수,서명득,최상용,송우준,이병오,김종섭,여상건,곽수동 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1988 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.15 No.1

Rapid and label-free bioanalytical method of alpha fetoprotein detection using LSPR chip

Kim, D.,Kim, J.,Kwak, C.H.,Heo, N.S.,Oh, S.Y.,Lee, H.,Lee, G.W.,Vilian, A.T.E.,Han, Y.K.,Kim, W.S.,Kim, G.b.,Kwon, S.,Huh, Y.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Journal of crystal growth Vol.469 No.-

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a cancer marker, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma. Normal levels of AFP are less than 20ng/mL; however, its levels can reach more than 400ng/mL in patients with HCC. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) have been employed for clinical diagnosis of AFP; however, these methods are time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we developed a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor for simple and rapid detection of AFP. This biosensor consists of a UV-Vis spectrometer, a cuvette cell, and a biosensor chip nanopatterned with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In our LSPR biosensor, binding of AFP to the surface of the sensor chip led to an increasing magnitude of the LSPR signals, which was measured by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. Our LSPR biosensor showed sufficient detectability of AFP at concentrations of 1ng/mL to 1μg/mL. Moreover, the overall procedure for detection of AFP was completed within 20min. This biosensor could also be utilized for a point of care test (POCT) by employing a portable UV-Vis spectrometer. Owing to the simplicity and rapidity of the detection process, our LSPR biosensor is expected to replace traditional diagnostic methods for the early detection of diseases.

Influence of N-doping on the structural and photoluminescence properties of graphene oxide films

Van Khai, T.,Na, H.G.,Kwak, D.S.,Kwon, Y.J.,Ham, H.,Shim, K.B.,Kim, H.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Carbon Vol.50 No.10

Nitrogen (N) was doped into graphene oxide (GO) films at temperatures of 600-900<SUP>o</SUP>C under the flow of a mixture of NH<SUB>3</SUB> and Ar. The N (atomic) concentration was varied in the range of 3.63-7.45%. XPS and FTIR spectra show that there are mainly single C-N and double C?N bonds in the GO sheet. Raman spectra indicate that the G band becomes closer to the position of the G band of graphite with increasing doping temperature, and thus reveal that N doping produces a blue-shift of the G-band. In room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra, N-doping produces an increase not only in the overall PL intensity, but also in the wavelength of the peak maxima. The shift of the induced PL of N-doped graphene is attributed mainly to the increased number of graphitic (or quaternary) N.

X-Y 테이블에 사용되는 볼 스크류의 열팽창 억제에 관한 연구

전언찬,이승수,김민주,곽창식,장성규,한근조,김중완,박홍식,전태옥,박정보 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.2

In this paper, we have studied about the thermal expansion of the ball screw used for the X-Y table. The hollow ball type is used for the vall screw. We have compared the conventional cooling system and function with the improved cooling system and function which is developed the path providing cooling oil in hollow ball screw. That is, the temperature variation and positioning accuracy are analyzed of the ball screw. We have obtained the following result through this experiment. 1) The improved cooling system of the hollow ball screw for X-Y table was developed. 2) The improved cooling system of the hollow ball screw has a large effectiveness on restraining the thermal expansion of the ball screw. 3) The positioning accuracy of the ball screw was improved about 2∼4㎛ using temperature-controlled colling oil.

Effects of Dietary Levels of Glycine, Threonine and Protein on Threonine Efficiency and Threonine Dehydrogenase Activity in Hepatic Mitochondria of Chicks

Lee, C.W.,Cho, I.J.,Lee, Y.J.,Son, Y.S.,Kwak, I.,Ahn, Y.T.,Kim, S.C.,An, W.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between threonine (Thr) efficiency and Thr dehydrogenase (TDG) activity as an indicator of Thr oxidation on chicks fed with levels of diets (CP [17.5% and 21.5%] and Thr [3.8 and 4.7 g/100 g CP]; glycine [Gly][0.64% and 0.98%] and true digestible Thr [dThr] [0.45% and 0.60%]). Calculation of the Thr efficiency was based on N-balance data and an exponential N-utilization model, and TDG activity was determined as accumulation of aminoacetone and Gly during incubation of hepatic mitochondria. This study found that in the liver of chicks who received a diet containing up to 0.79% Thr (4.7 g Thr/100 g of CP) in the 17.5% CP diet, no significant (p>0.05) effect on TDG activity was observed. However, significantly (p = 0.014) increased TDG activity was observed with a diet containing 21.5% CP (4.7 g Thr/100 g of CP) and the efficiency of Thr utilization showed a significant (p = 0.001) decrease, indicating the end of the Thr limiting range. No significant (p>0.05) effect on the total TDG activity and accumulation of Gly was observed with addition of Gly to a diet containing 0.45% dThr. In addition, addition of Gly to a diet containing 0.60% dThr also did not result in a change in accumulation of Gly. Due to an increase in accumulation of aminoacetone, an elevated effect on total TDG activity was also observed. No significant (p>0.05) reduction in the efficiency of Thr utilization was observed after addition of Gly at the level of 0.45% dThr. However, significantly (p<0.001) reduced efficiency of Thr utilization was observed after addition of Gly at the level of 0.60% dThr. Collectively, we found that TDG was stimulated not only by addition of Thr and protein to the diet, but also by addition of Gly, and efficiency of Thr utilization was favorably affected by addition of Gly at the level near to the optimal Thr concentration. In addition, no metabolic requirement of Gly through the TDG pathway was observed with almost the same accumulation of Gly and a slight increase in TDG activity by addition of Gly. Thus, our findings suggest that determination of TDG activity and parameter of efficiency of Thr utilization may be useful for evaluation of dietary Thr level.