바이오필터에 의한 VOCs의 제거에 대한 연구

김장호,김옥택,안종수,김종수 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.1

Biofiltration was successfully applied to treat amixture of volatile organic compounds(Benzene, Xylene) from contaminated air stream. Immobilized Ps.oleovorans biofilter was evaluated for its value in simultaneous removal of B.X from waste air stream. The variety of operating conditions were tested to evaluated important factors such as space velocity, PH, water content, ect. In the loading rate(1,000ppmv) and space velocity(l,200hr), the average removal efficiencies of B.X. were 39.3% and 30.5% and CO₂ production rate were 6.72 mg/hr, 4.65mg/hr, respectively. Removal efficiency of B.X. mixture was lower than it's each individual at same loading rate. When the concentrations of B.X. mixture were controlled 300ppmv and 900ppmv at two stages reactor, the average outlet concentration were 7.lppmv, 184.5ppmv and CO₂ production rate were 6.04mg/hr, 12.6mg/hr, respectively.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

뇌실외 배액술 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 : 원인균주와 경험적 치료약제의 적절성

도병훈,김신우,오종택,손종원,하상우,이응갑,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌실외 배액술을 시행한 신경외과 환자들에서 뇌실염 발생 빈도, 원인균주와 감수성 추이 및 경험적 치료로 사용되는 항생제인 ceftazidime과 vancomycin의 적절성 여부에 대하여 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2000년 12월부터 2003년 10월까지 EVD를 시행한 경북대학교병원 신경외과 입원환자 340명 중 뇌실염이 발생한 39명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 340명 중 39예 (11.5%)에서 뇌실염이 발생하였고 이들 가운데 4명이 뇌실염과 연관하여 사망하였다(10.3%). EVD 시행일로부터 뇌실염 발생까지는 평균 8.4일이었다. 원인균은 33예(87.1%)에서 확인되었으며 Aci-netobacter (19예, 45%), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (9예, 22%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (9예, 22%) 등의 순이었다. 가장 많이 동정된 Acinetobacter 19예 중에서 8예(42.1%)가 ceftriaxone에 내성을 보였으며 현재 경험적으로 널리 사용되는 ceftazidime에 대해서는 11예중 3예(27%)가 내성을 보였다. 결론 : 최근 EVD 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 뇌실염 최근 그람음성 non-fermenter 특히 Acinetobacter에 의한 경우가 증가하고 있으며, 이들 그람음성 non-fermenter는 현재까지 경험적으로 사용되는 ceftazidime에 점차 내성을 보이고 있다. 경험적 치료제에 대한 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 각 병원별 내실염의 원인균주의 감수성에 대한 검사가 필요하겠다. Purpose : To investigate the etiologic microorganisms of external ventricular drain (EVD)-related ventriculitis and the appropriateness of using ceftazidime and vancomycin as an empiric therapy in neurosurgical patients with EVD-related ventriculitis. Materials and Methods : Retrospective analysis of 39 patients with EVD-related ventriculitis among 340 neurosurgical patients to whom EVD had been placed during December 2000 and October 2003 at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results : Thirty-nine EVD-related infections (39/340, 11.5%) occurred and the attributable mortality rate was 10.3% (4/39). The average duration from the ventricular catheter placement to the development of ventriculitis was 8.4 days. All patients with EVD infection had fever and 89.7% (35/39) of the patients showed nuchal rigidity. The positive culture rate in CSF was 87.1% (34/39) and the frequency of individual organism is as follows : Acinetobacter 45% (19 cases), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus 22% (9 cases), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22% (9 cases), Enterococcus 5% (2 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3% (1 case), non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli 3% (1 case). The polymicrobial infection rate was 15.4% (6/39). Among 19 cases of Acinetobacter infection, 42.1% (8/19) of the strains showed resistance to ceftriaxone and 15.7% (3/11) to ceftazidime. However, all cases were sensitive to meropenem. Conclusion : These findings show that the major etiologic organisms causing EVD-related ventriculitis have recently changed to Gram-negative non-fermenters, especially Acinetobacter. Because Gram-negative non-fermenting rods resistant to ceftazidime are increasing, an immediate change from ceftazidime plus vancomycin, the widely accepted empiric antibiotic therapy, to meropenem plus vancomycin should be considered when clinical symptoms and signs show no improvement or even deterioration.

PD 제어기를 이용한 회전시스템의 동특성에 관한 연구

김택현,김종태,김재경 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

기계 회전 시스템을 통하여 응답특성 및 제어효과에 대한 연구를 목적으로 하여 PD제어기를 사용하여 응답특성을 확인하였는데 제어기를 사용함은 얻고자하는 대상 플랜트의 출력 특성을 제어하는데 목적이 있다. 우선, 실험으로 들어가 시스템의 관성 (inertia), 스프링 강성(spring stiffness), 감쇠계수(damping coefficient) 등의 매개변수 값들을 측정하고, 하드웨어 게인 값을 정의한다. 다음으로 PD제어기의 설계를 하는데 우선 강체로 모델링된 시스템에서의 step 응답, ramp 응답, parabolic 응답과 sinusoidal 응답에서의 비례게인, 미분게인 값이 시스템에 미치는 영향을 통하여 제어특성과 효과를 알아보고, 2자유도(two degree of freedom) 기계 회전 시스템에 대하여 PD제어실험을 통하여 회전 시스템의 상승시간(rising time), 정착시간 (settling time) 등의 응답속도 개선, 그리고 오버슈트(overshoot), 언더슈트(undershoot) 등의 응답성능의 향상을 꾀한다. The mechanical rotation system is made up of belts, mass disks and gears. This precise piece of equipment is controlled electro-mechanically by the motor and operation program. The control strategy of the system can be changed by belts' stiffness and change of the mass and gear. This system can be modeled as a rigid body, and also finds broad application in such diverse fields as machine tools, the cruise control system in automobiles, and control in the attitude and gimbals of spacecraft. This system proves the necessity and effect of a closed loop control. The study of the mechanical rotation system excited by its base motion is not only able to predict the rotational performance, but obtain the fundamental data for vibration isolation. In this thesis, we studied the response abilities such as steady overshoot, undershoot and ect. and the response velocities such as rising time, settling time, and ect. in the mechanical rotation system. through PD control experiment..

국방분야 정보의 유통활성화 방안에 대한 연구 : JDDS 컨소시엄 구성 경험을 바탕으로

김종환,김기택 충남대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과 2002 文獻情報學論集 Vol.8 No.-

證券市場의 情報效率性 測定모델과 주요 市場의 效率性

金鍾斗,공정택 효성여자대학교 산업경영연구소 1990 경영경제 Vol.7 No.-

전자상거래 활성화 저해요인이 소비자 만족 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향

김종호,신용섭,정강택 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 2001 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.24 No.1

심동적 영역의 평가에서 문항반응이론의 활용

김종택,고병구,김주학 師範大學 體育硏究所 1998 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to introduce item response theory(IRT) and to explore the possible applications to the measurement of psychomotor behavior. The primary assumption of IRT is an individual will respond to an item on a test can be described in terms of a probabilistic function that describes the probability of an examinee responding correctly to an item. By contrast with the classical test theory, the advantage of IRT is to be able to estimate examinee's true ability and the estimate does not depend on the other examinees or on the particular test administered. When the item response of an examinee is dichotomous, if the probability of an examinee responding correctly to an item would be dependent of the ability of the examinee and the difficulty of the item, Rasch Model or 1-parameter IRT model could be used for estimating the item parameters. But if the discriminant or guess factor would be considered, then 2-parameter of 3-parameter model could be used. However, when the item response is polytomous, polytomous response model such as Partial Credit Model, Rating Scale Model, Nominal Response Model can be used. Especially, Binomial Trial Model, Poisson Counts Model, and Inverse Binomial Model can be used for analyzing multiple-attempt, single-item skill tests of psychomotor domain. Through reviewing the literatures of IRT, item bank, computer adaptive testing, mastery test measurement of change, repeating skill test, and sequential test has been proposed as the possible applications for psychomotor domain. In conclusion, for more valid and reliable assessment in the pychomotor domain, IRT and the possible applications of IRT should be seriously considered in measurement research in physical education.

金融機關의 Electronic Banking에 관한 硏究

金鍾澤 동국대학교 경영관리연구소 1993 經營經濟論叢 Vol.17 No.-

The Pupose of this Paper is to analyze a strategy about Electonic Banking(EB) of financial Institutions in Korea. Electronic Banking is a financial innovation by the technological innovation is based on computer and information technology. The customer always conducts a banking at the office and the home by the bank's computer contacts with customer's PC. EB, a Remote Banking can make customer service, infomation service quickly by shorten the gap between customer and bank, Domestic banks has great probability like Home Banking, Firm Banking, ATM(Automated Teller Machine) and POS(Point off Sale) by increase of computer supplement, but it's relatively low level to U. S. A. and Japan. However, if the Domestic banks drives foreward the strategy of Electronic Banking service as a part of forcing strategy for the retail banking, the differentiation among U. S. A. Japan and demestic bank's Electronic Banking service will be narrow. There, for this, the driving strategy of Elecotronic Banking is requested as ; 1) A forced Electronic Banking for the object of company 2) A opening of media of EB 3) A training of the specialist for EB

토양중에서 1,1,1-Trichloethane의 흡착 및 분해 특성에 관한 연구

김종국,홍희택 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

Adsorption and biodegradation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) which is a common contaminant found in groundwate were investigated in soils to predict the behavior and fate of 1,1,1-TCA in the environment. 1,1,1-TCA was biotransformed in the soil to dichloroethane(DCA) and chloroethane(CA). The biodegradation rate of 1,1,1-TCA was related to the organic carbon content in soils. About 16∼91% of initial 1,1,1-TCA was transformed to DCA and CA during the experimental period. The measured biodegradation rate contants of 1,1,1-TCA were in the range of 0.004d^-1 to 0.099d^-1