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Kim, Ha-Na,Kim, Jun-Yeon,Park, Kyeong-Ju,Hwang, Ji-Min,Jang, Jun-Yeong,Jo, Min-Gi,Ko, Min-Jung,Chae, Sang-Yeup,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Goo, Bonhyuk,Park, Yeon-Cheol,Seo, Byung-Kwan,Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Nam, Sang-S Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2021 대한침구의학회지 Vol.38 No.4
Background: Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) is a frequently presented condition/disease in Korean medical institutions. In this study, the economics of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial comparing TEA with sham TEA (STEA). Methods: This economic evaluation was analyzed from a limited social perspective, and the per-protocol set was from a basic analysis perspective. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the change in visual analog scale score, and the cost-utility analysis was based on the quality-adjusted life years. The final results were expressed as the average cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and furthermore sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the results observed. Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the decrease in 100 mm visual analog scale score was 8.5 mm greater in the TEA group compared with the STEA group (p > 0.05). The cost-utility analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the quality-adjusted life years of TEA was 0.0026 years higher than STEA (p > 0.05). These results were robust in the sensitivity analysis, but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In treating LHIVD, TEA appeared to have cost-effectiveness and cost-utility compared with STEA. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of cost, effectiveness, and utility indicators. Therefore, results must be interpreted prudently; this study was the 1<sup>st</sup> to conduct an economic evaluation of TEA for LHIVD.
Yoon, Sung-Hwan,Cha, Nam-Goo,Lee, Jun S.,Park, Jin-Goo,Carter, David J.,Mead, Joey L.,Barry, Carol M.F. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Polymer engineering and science Vol.50 No.2
<P>Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and silicon tooling with microscale features on its surface was employed to investigate the impact of three factors on the quality of injection molded microscale features: (1) optimized process parameters, (2) use of a more flexible thermoplastic material, and (3) used as an antistiction coating. The molded parts and tooling surface were characterized by atomic force, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. Although both improved filling of the tooling trenches, higher mold temperatures significantly enhanced replication, but faster injection velocities contributed moderately to replication quality. With medium aspect ratio (2.3:1) trenches, the antistiction coating doubled depth ratios, enhanced the edge definition and flatness of the features, and significantly reduced tearing of the features during ejection. The flexibility of the TPU permitted easier part ejection and left less polymer residue on the tooling surface in comparison to polycarbonate and other thermoplastic polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>