급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

제7차 교육과정에 따른 국어과 읽기·쓰기 수행평가 연구(Ⅰ)

류성기,곽재용,천경록,이원희 한국초등국어교육학회 2002 한국초등국어교육 Vol.20 No.-

이 연구에서는 제7차 교육과정에 따라 초등학교에서 읽기와 쓰기의 수행평가를 실제적으로 적용하는 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 제7차 국어과 읽기 교과서에서 '되돌아보기' 학습 면을 둔 것은 전체적으로 수행평가를 현실화하는데 긍정적 기여를 하고 있으나 실제로 분석해보니 단원별로 부족한 부분이 많았다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 되돌아보기 학습면을 보완한 학습지와 성취기준, 평가기준, 평가기록표를 개발하였다. 이 방안을 초등학교 교실에 한 학기 동안 적용하고, 수행평가의 현장 적용 가능성과 교수·학습 개선여부를 살펴보았다. 연구 방법은 개발 연구, 사례연구, 질적 연구, 관찰, 면담, 전문가 협의회 개최등의 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 교과서 되돌아보기를 보완한 읽기 수행평가 방안은 학생의 읽기 발달에 관한 질적 정보를 수집하는 방법이라는 결론을 얻었다. This paper have developed performance assessment strategies for reading and writing as the 7th Korean National Curriculum, and applied them one elementary school 6th grade classroom during one semester. There is review pages in every reading textbook chapters of 7th korean national curriculum. This contribute to performance assessment. But some of them is not so good. So we developed common tools, achievement standards, assessment standard, report card to compensate review pages, and to apply performance assessments. Method of study is case study, developing study, qualitative study, observation, interview, and panel conference. As a results, this performance assessment strategy could many good developmental informations of students.

급성 뇌졸중 환자에 있어서 병원 도착까지 지연시간 및 지연요인 분석

류지영,어은경,김용재,정구영 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: Recent advances have been made in the treatment of acute stroke, but the effectiveness of the new therapies is highly time-dependent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival and the total arrival delay time for patients with acute stroke. Methods: A prospective registry of patients presenting to the ED with signs or symptoms of acute stroke was established at Ewha Womans university Mokdong and Dongdaemun hospitals from March to December 1999, We analyzed the the prehospital delay time(reaction interval and total arrival delay) and factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. Results: The study included 256 patients(49% were women) with a mean age of 62±13 years. 50.9% of the patients arrived within 3 hours, and 94.9% patients arrived within 24 hours after onset of symptoms of acute stroke. The total arrival delay mine was 180 minutes(median time), and the reaction interval was 60 minutes(median time). Transportation by 119 or 129 ambulance was linked to shorter delay(47 minutes). Age, mental status, and degree of disability were statistically significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. Conclusion: Age, mental status, and degree of disability were significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. For effective treatment of acute stroke patients, increased public awareness to use an ambulance with direct transport to the acute-care hospital is required.

제 7차 교육과정에 따른 국어과 읽기·쓰기 수행평가 연구(Ⅱ)

류성기,곽재용,천경록,이원희 한국초등국어교육학회 2002 한국초등국어교육 Vol.21 No.-

이 연구는 제7차 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 국어과 읽기와 쓰기 수행평가에 대한 것이다. 쓰기는 교과서의 '되돌아보기' 학습 내용의 타당성을 대부분 인정하고, 대신 '되돌아보기' 학습을 하고 난 후의 정확한 평가 기준표를 제시하고 이를 검증해 보는 것에 역점을 두었다. 특히 거시적 관점에서 10단계의 평가 기준표를 제시하여 학생들의 쓰기 수준이 어느 정도까지 이르렀는가를 측정해 볼 수 있게 하였다. 이 연구는 현장 적용이 가능한 국어와 읽기와 쓰기의 수행평가의 방법을 제시해 주었다는 데 큰 의미가 있다. This study is about the performance assessment for reading and writing of Korean Subject in elementary school being on the 7th Korean National Curriculum. The part of writing puts great emphasis on showing an accurate assesment rubric and verifying it after "review pages", instead of accepting mostly the adequacy of learning contents on "review pages", in textbook. Above other things it suggests an assessment rubric of 10 level and can help to measure what level the writing level of students is in. The great meaning of this study is to suggest the method of the performance assessment for the reading and writing of Korean Subject possible to be applied to the schools. It needs to suggest the method of the intergrative performance assessment for speaking, listening, reading, writing, Korean knowledge, and literature as well. But we will study the above-mentioned remark in future.

林相別 夏期 流出量 調査硏究

柳澤圭,李天龍,金載水 圓光大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라의 水資源을 論함에 있어서 全 國土의 66%를 차지하고 있는 山地의 물 收支문제는 河川의 流量을 決定하게 되는 매우 重要한 要因이라고 생각된다. 이리하여 京畿道 光陵의 優良한 闊葉樹와 고거 甚한 山地荒廢로 砂防事業을 實施한 바 있는 京畿道 楊洲郡 檜泉面 栗亭里 불량 소나무 ?樹林地를 選定하여 降水量 및 流水量調査 施設을 設置하여 調査하고 山林狀態가 降水에 따른 流出이 어떻게 나타나고 있는가를 綿密하게 分析하였다. Natural water resource of our country depends on o forest area because of it is occupied about 66% of country area. The yield of water in the forest is very important factor to decide of stream flow for use. Two area of good forest land and a poor forest land near the Euijeong-bu city for this study. The good forest is consisted of natural old aged broad-leaf trees and the poor forest is consisted of natural pine sapling. The permanant gauge station which installed with a self-recording raingague and a stage recorder in a stilling well was established in each experimental plot. It was carried out during 1978-1982 about the characterize of rainfall and runoff. We are clear up the effect of forest in the control of water discharge. In monthly distribution of annual rainfall, more than 60% of the total annual rainfall were recorded for 2 months from July to August. Annual run-off rate was analysed as 35.4% from the good forest, while 39.8% from the poor forest. Good forest has increased larger storage water in the soil than a poor forest.

알루미늄 연속주조 용탕의 탈 가스 일체화 장치 개발

이용중,김태원,김기대,류재엽,이형우 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

It is necessary for managing a perfect process for degasing aluminum molten metal according to the increase of a grade of aluminum and its alloy products. There are some methods that have been used to manage a degasing process in recent years, such as an injection method that uses aluminum molten metal powder and chemicals supplier and input method that supplies argon and nitrogen, or chlorine gas by using a gas blow-tube. However, these methods show some problems, and it shows that it is a difficult process to handle, pollution due to the producing a lot of toxic gases like chlorine and fluoride gas, irregular effects, and lowering work efficiency due to the excessive processing time. The problems that are the most fatal are the producing a lot of sludge due to the reaction of aluminum molten metal with chemicals, loss of metals, and decreasing the life of refractory materials. In order to solve these problems, this paper develops a technology that is related to aluminum continuous casting molten metal and monolithic degasing apparatus. A degasing apparatus developed in this study improved the existing methods and prevented environmental pollution with smokeless, odorless, and harmlessness by using a new method that applies argon and nitrogen gas in which the methods used in the West and Japan are eliminated. The developed method can significantly reduce product faults that are caused by the production of gas and oxidation because it uses a preprocessed molten metal with chemicals. In addition, the amount of the produced sludge can also be reduced by 60~80% maximum compared with the existing methods. Then, it makes it possible to minimize the loss of metals. Moreover, the molten metal processing and settling time is also shortened by comparing it with the existing methods that are applied by using chemicals. In addition, it does much to improve the workers' health, safety and environment because there is no pollution. The improvement of productivity and prevention effects of disaster from the results of the development can be summarized as follows. It will contribute to the process rationalization because it does not have any unnecessary processes that the molten metal will be moved to an agitator by using a ladle and returned to process for degasing like the existing process due to the monolithic configuration. There are no floating impurities due to the oxidation caused by the contact with the air as same as the existing process. In addition, it can protect the blending of precipitation impurities. Because it has a monolithic configuration, it can avoid the use of additional energy to compensate the temperature decreasing about 60? that is caused by the moving of molten metal. It is not necessary to invest an extra facilities in order to discharge the gas generated from a degasing process by using an agitator. The working environment can be improved by the hospitable air in the factory because the molten metal is almost not exposed in the interior of the area.

F.A. Process에 의한 下水處理에 관한 硏究

姜龍太,柳在益,許宗文 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The purposes of this researches were to evaluate the effects of an advanced processes supplemented Conventional Activated Sludge Process and to invent the economical advanced process combined activated sludge process with FAC(Flocculation-Aeration-Clarification). Raw water used was synthetic wastewater. The primary treatment using the PAC process was effective in treating the wastewater with lower concentration. F.A process showed the removal rate of more than 90 percent without regard to variences of influent concentration.

新開實驗圃場에 대한 均質性 檢定

盧載榮,卞珠燮,孫錫龍,裵吉寬,申周植,柳承烈 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Uniformity of the newly opened two experimental fields was evaluated to choosing a good experimentation technique. Field I was proved to be unavailable for the experimental purposes. Regular square or rectangle shape of plots extending north to south is recommended to make experimental plots in Field II. In case that the 10 percent margin of error using the mean value is equivalent to specifying the variance of the mean, five replications are required for four sqm plot, four replications for eight sqm, and three replications for 10 sq m or more.

한국에서 유행한 Cholera균에 대한 Antibiotics sensitivity에 관한 연구

손준용,유재근,김영한,민창홍 國立保健硏究院 1970 국립보건연구원보 Vol.7 No.-

직업의식 연구의 발전과 동향

김용재,류창열 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Much has been studied in recent years concerning vocational behavior and career development in various setting. These studies were scattered in variety of books and professional journals. And futhermore, citation of these studies were in variety of sources. Because of this, the research needed to know the retrospect and prospect of the vocational conscious and behavior researches. The specific objectives of this research were: ① to study developmental processing of the vocational behavior researches from many theoritical viewpoints include the career counseling psychology perspective, ② examined the documents and investigators that were cited most in the Journal of Vocational Behavior and Vocational Guidance Quarterly, ③ summarized future direction of the vocational behavior research. In this research, the trend of vocational behavior researches were summarized by the Journal of Vocational Behavior and Vocational Guidance Quarterly through the arrangement of the developmental processing over the past 20 years. And identified the dominant researches and authers were examined in this research. The perspective of vocational behavior research were discussed. And included cognitive perspective, cultural diversity and multiple role perspective in the vocational behavior researches in organizational setting.