Trend of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Neurology- Neurosurgery Adult Patients in South Korea : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Saeyeon Kim,Tak Kyu Oh,In-Ae Song,Young-Tae Jeon 대한신경외과학회 2024 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.67 No.1

Objective : We aimed to examine trends in critically ill neurology-neurosurgery (NNS) patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in South Korea and identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality after ICU admission in NNS patients. Methods : This nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study enrolled adult NNS adult patients admitted to the ICU from 2010 to 2019 extracted from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. The critically ill NNS patients were defined as those whose main admission departments were neurology or neurosurgery at ICU admission. The number of ICU admission, age, and total cost for hospitalization from 2010 to 2019 in critically ill NNS patients were examined as trend information. Moreover, multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality among critically ill NNS patients. Results : We included 845474 ICU admission cases for 679376 critically ill NNS patients in South Korea between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The total number of ICU admissions among NNS patients was 79522 in 2010, which increased to 91502 in 2019. The mean age rose from 62.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 15.6) in 2010 to 66.6 years (SD, 15.2) in 2019, and the average total cost for hospitalization per each patient consistently increased from 6206.1 USD (SD, 5218.5) in 2010 to 10745.4 USD (SD, 10917.4) in 2019. In-hospital mortality occurred in 75455 patients (8.9%). Risk factors strongly associated with increased in-hospital mortality were the usage of mechanical ventilator (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 19.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.42–20.26; p<0.001), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.42–5.02; p<0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (aOR, 6.47; 95% CI, 6.02–6.96; p<0.001). In addition, direct admission to ICU from the emergency room (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.36–1.41; p<0.001) and brain cancer as the main diagnosis (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22–1.39; p<0.001) are also potential risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusion : In South Korea, the number of ICU admissions increased among critically ill NNS patients from 2010 to 2019. The average age and total costs for hospitalization also increased. Some potential risk factors are found to increase in-hospital mortality among critically ill NNS patients.

水稻의 登熟向上에 關한 硏究

諸商律,李寅杰,김랑춘,李準琸,張南日,洪鍾旭 慶北大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This study was made to get the cultural information for increasing yield with recently improved variety, investigating the effects of different transplanting date and seed size, the number of plant per hill on the growth, and the yield and yield components in rice. The results obtained were summaried as follows: 1. In larger seed, the percentage of germination was higher and the early growth was more vigorous. However, there appeared no effects of seed size in the later growing period. 2. When the young plants sown on April 26 were transplanted on 5th, 15th, 25th of June and 5th of July with 10-days interval, the heading date was promoted in earlier transplanted plots. The days to heading, however, was shortend. 3. In the case of the earlier transplanting in Tongil variety, the maximum number of tillers was increased, the percentage of effective tillers was decreased, and the rate of ripened grains was slightly higher. The yield was the highest in the transplanted plot of June 25. The next came the transplanted plots of 25th, 5th of June and 5th of July. In the early transplanted plot of Palkweong variety, heading was also promoted. The days required for heading were also proportionly shortend, the number of the effective tillers was smaller and the percentage of ripened grains also decreased. The productivity was the highest in transplanted plot of June 25. 4. When the number of plants per hill was increased, the heading date was promoted, the number of panicles was high and the number of grains per panicles was decreased. In the early transplanting of Tongil variety, the yields was the highest in 4-plants plot. When transplanted late, it was the highest in 6-plant plot. In Palkweong variety, there was general tendency of increasing of yield as the number of plants per hill increased. 5. The dwarf disease of Tongil variety and the stripe disease of Palkweong variety occurred much in case of the lesser number of plants per hill and the earlier transplanting.

國家意識의 實態와 그 對策 : 국기, 애국가 및 국민교육헌장의 보급을 중심으로

李建衡,盧禎埴,成炳卓,姜萬石,朴泰岩,朴仁熙,金漢植 대구교육대학교 1971 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

國旗의 常備現況은 總體的으로 보아 低調한 實態에 있다. 全體 標集者의 86.8%가 國旗를 備置하고 있다는 反應을 보였으나, 이 數置가 보이는 內容은 區區하다. 卽 깃발과 그 附帶品一切를 完備한 家庭은 全體의 42.5%에 不過하고 깃발만을 備置한 家庭이 20.4%, 函까지를 갖춘 家庭이 45.8%로서 約 半數의 家庭이 適當한 場所에 깃발을 保管하고 揭揚時에는 적의한 막대기로 代用할뿐만 아니라 깃발조차 없는 家庭이 約 15%에 이르는 셈이다. 最少限 깃발만이라도 갖춘 家庭을 地域別로 보았을 때 中都市의 96%, 農村의 90%만이 全體의 86.6%를 上廻하고 있고 漁村 79.6%가 特히 低調함은 注目할 일이다. 그리고 附帶品의 具備狀況이나保管도 中都市가 比較的 充實하고 漁村이 低調한 傾向을 보이고 있으며 意外로 農村보다도 大都市가 모든 面에서 不實함도 注目할 일이다. 國旗의 保管이나 揭揚은 主로 젊은 學生層에서 擔當하고 있다. 이러한 傾向은 農·山村일수록 年令이 낮아지고 中都市와 大都市는 비슷하게 年令이 높아지는데 이로 미루어 高令層의 啓蒙이 要請된다고 하겠다. 國慶日의 國旗揭揚狀況는 質問紙에 依한 應答 結果는 約 70%이나 實際 揭揚은 約 35%의 低調한 것이어서 깃발조차 갖고 있지않는 約 15%를 감안하더라도 言行이 一致하지 않는 一面을 엿볼 수 있다. 特히 中都市(37%) 大都市(49.2%) 農村(37.8%)과 對比할 때 前述한 깃발 備置狀況과 逆現象을 보인 都市人의 覺醒을 促求하지 않을 수 없다. 國旗揭揚法의 正確性 與否는 問題가 될 것이나, 大部分 알고 있으면서도 關心과 誠意가 없어서 國慶日에 國旗를 揭揚하지 않는다고 反應한 데 對한 積極的인 對策이 要望되며 特히 國慶日을 모르기 때문에 憩揚하지 않는다은 것을 1順位로 反應한 山村을 留意해야 겠다. 國旗의 뜻을 잘 모른는 國民이 大部分이고 이러한 現象은 意外로 靑年層일수록 더한 것이 豫想과는 相反되고 있다. 國旗의 制定由來나 그 國家象徵性을 認識하지 못하는 傾向 亦是 같은 現象을 보이고 있다. 다만 由來나 象徵性에 對한 認識에 關한 限 都市民과 漁村民이 比較的 높고, 農村과 山村民이 相對的으로 낮다. 農·山村에 比한 漁村, 大都市에 比한 中都市의 住民이 갖는 相對的으로 높은 認識度는 東海岸民의 安保意識과 中都市人의 等質性 및 國家施策의 浸透 容易性에 緣由하는 것이라고 생각된다. 그리고 우리 國民은 國旗의 뜻을 모른는 者가 3分의 1에 該當하고 國旗에 대한 公式的 敎育을 받지 못한 사람도 3分의 1에 이르며 國旗를 그릴 수 없는 사람이 半以上이나 된다. 國旗에 關한 諸般 認識度는 男子보다 女子가, 年令別로는 老令層이, 生活程度는 낮을수록 低調한 것을 알 수 있고, 全體 國民의 우리 國旗에 對한 滿足度에는 유감이 없음을 보여주고 있다. 愛國歌의 普及 實態는 過히 不振한 便은 아닌 것 같다. 80.9%의 國民이 적어도 愛國歌의 1절以上을 부를 수 있고 愛國歌가 들려올 때 約 18.6%의 國民을 除外한 大多數 國民이 차려姿勢 또는 경건한 態度를 가질뿐만 아니라 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 反應이 78.1%나 되었다는 것이 이를 立證하고 있다. 그리고 地域的으로는 大都市에 比해 中都市가 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 보다 健全함을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 部分的으로는 問題가 없는 것도 아니다. 愛國歌를 1절도 못외우는 18.4%, 愛國歌가 들려와도 無關心한 18.6%의 國民이 있고, 이러한 反應度는 愛國歌 부르기 敎育을 받은 적이 없는 33.2%의 國民, 愛國歌 解說敎育을 받은 적이 없는 47.8%의 國民 및 한해에 한번도 愛國歌를 부를 機會가 없는 36.0%의 國民이 있다는 事實과 有關하리라고 생각된다. 上述한 問題點은 地域的으로는 都市보다는 農·山·漁村이, 特히 農村에 比해 農·山村이, 學歷 및 年令上으로는 文盲者 및 國·漢文 解讀者를 그 속에 간직하고 있는老令層에, 男子보다는 女子가, 또한 生活程度는 낮을수록 尤甚하다는 것을 指摘할 수가 있다. 全體的으로 보아서는 中都市의 實積이 大都市 및 餘他地域보다 良好하고 豫想한대로 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 두드러진 特徵을 보이고 있는 點이다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及 및 그 敎育에 있어서는 資料 通計上으로는 그 어떤 經路보다도 學校敎育의 充實이 가장 效果的이었다는 것을 보여주고 있으나 愛國歌의 普及强化策에 對한 反應을 中心으로 본다면 山·漁村을 除外한 모든 地域이 新聞 放送 等의 報道機關을 通한 普及을 希望하고 있다. 이는 이미 指摘한 老年層, 文盲者, 國漢文 解讀者, 및 家庭主婦인 女子를 相對로 한 境遇에 異論이 있을 수 없겠고, 報道機關의 普及率이 낮은 山村이 學生啓蒙運動을 그리고 安保意識이 强한 漁民이 地域別 成人敎育을 希望한다고 보아 無妨할 것이다. 그리고 劇場 演藝物을 通한 普及은 效果가 적을 것임이 나타났고 그 밖에는 妙案이 없는 것으로 反應되었다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 意志는 强하다고 할 수 있는 것은 이미 指摘하였거니와 이 境遇에는 規制的인 方法보다도 自律的인 方法 例컨대 報道機關을 通한 宣傳啓蒙이나 山·漁村을 對象으로 한 學生啓蒙運動 또는 里動單位의 自體啓蒙을 希望하고 있음을 特記해 둔다. 國民敎育憲章 普及實態의 全體的인 傾向은 公布事實마저도 모른다 24.0%, 憲章冊子를 가지지 않았다 約 30%, 制定의 理由를 모른다 30% 等으로 보아 制定公布된지 3年이란 時間的 經過에 비추어 豫想外로 低調하다 할 수 있으며 地域別로 보면 制定事實의 知悉, 內容理解 分析努力, 暗記努力, 普及施策 贊成面에서 中都市가 大都市보다 理解度가 높게 나타났으며 漁村이 現實與件上 國家意識이 높으리라는 豫想은 立證되지 않았으며, 山村은 豫想한대로 普及狀態가 極히 不振하였다. 性別로는 男子의 理解度가 높고, 年令別로는 年令이 낮을수록 學歷은 높을수록 生活程度는 높을수록 普及實態나 理解度가 높아지고 있다. 다만 制定理由의 知悉面이나 分析經驗 普及施策에 對한 贊同面에서 大學卒業 以上의 學歷者가 高等學校 卒業者보다 낮게 나타난 點은 異彩로운 現象이다. 職業別에 있어서는 大體로 公務員, 商·써비스業, 無職, 農業의 順으로 意識이 높다. 憲章公布事實을 알게 된 經路나 普及을 爲한 效果的인 施策의 選擇狀況을 보면 報道機關이 가장 效果的이며 學校敎育의 影響이 意外로 低調함을 發見할 수 있다. 普及施策中 學生을 通한 啓蒙運動에 對한 共鳴度도 낮고, 劇場 및 演藝機關을 通한 普及은 큰 支持를 받지 못하고 있음이 發見되었다. 暗記動機는 自發的인 境遇가 29.2%에 不過화고, 憲章에 對한 一般의 關心度가 낮으며 普及運動의 反對理由로는 "形式에 흘러 實效性이 없다"가 24.2%로 가장 높다. 以上을 綜合해 볼 때 國旗, 愛國歌, 및 國民敎育憲章 할 것 없이 그 普及 및 認識度가 豫想外로 低調함을 알 수 있다. 愛國歌에 關한 限 80.9%의 國民이 1절 以上의 愛國歌를 부를 수 있는 바 他 2者에 比해 相對的으로 良好한 便이나 公式集會의 慣例 탓으로 4절까지를 모두 외우는 者는 極히 不振하다. 要컨대 三者가 모두 敎育 또는 啓蒙이 不實하였음이 立證되었으며 特히 知識水準이 낮은 老年層과 性別로는 女子, 地域的으로는 山村, 農村, 漁村의 順으로 不振하였고 豫想外로 大都市 및 大學卒業者가 低調하였음도 發見되었다. 그리고 愛國歌에 關한 限 學校敎育으 效果가 斷然 越等한 反面 國民敎育憲章의 普及 및 認識은 學校敎育보다도 報道機關의 啓蒙이 奏效하였음이 發見되었다. 그리고 國旗의 國家象徵性에 關한 認識은 光復後의 學校敎育을 받은 靑少年層이 보다 健全하여 日帝下에서 靑壯年期를 보낸 壯·老年層이 意外로 低調한 傾向을 보여주고 있다. The research in this report was done to discover the reality of the korean National Consciousness. By this we mean an awareness of the National flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea. Also since threre appears to be a lack of awareness in certain areas we have attempted to propose adequate measures to imporve these conditions. Methods and materials used for this study are as follows: the method was of Random Sampling in which we selected randomly 900 men and women living in a city, a town, farm areas, remote areas, and sea-side areas. The materials was an interview form called "the schedule" which consisted of 46 items. From the data received we reached the conclusion that knowledge about the National Flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea was generally poor. This trend appeared more in the farm area, remote area, and seaside area then in the city and town; more in women than in men; more in the old than in the young, more in those of lower academic careers and lower economic levels than of their counterparts with better careers and living levels. From the above conclusions we propose that the community schools and the mass communication system in korea strive actively to increase the instruction of these people in order to improve the national consciousness of the above mentioned people.

휴대폰 케이스 가공업체에서 발생한 은피증 1예

탁기홍,윤석환,이미영,신동훈,정인성 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

배경: 은피증은 은의 피부 침착에 의해서 생기는 질환으로, 만성적인 노출에 의해 생기며, 치료법이 없는 영구적인 질병이다. 은의 흡입에 의한 은피증의 보고는 아주 드물며, 우리나라에는 현재까지 관련 보고가 없었다. 이에 휴대폰 도장제의 은 흡입에 의한 은피증을 보고하고자 한다. 증례: 30세 남자근로자로 5년 전부터 휴대폰 부품조립 및 도장업체에서 EMI부서와 가스켓부서에서 전자기파 차단제를 스프레이 도장하는 작업을 하였고, 3년 전부터 서서히 발생한 얼굴과 몸의 회색 및 회청색 피부색 변화를 주소로 내원하였다. 전자기파 차단제는 은, 구리, 용제들로 구성되어 있었다. 피부 조직 검사에서 에크린 한선 기저판(basal lamina)에 미세하고 둥근 흑갈색 과립들이 관찰되어 은피증의 소견을 보였으며, 작업중 노출된 은 흡입에 의한 직업성 은피증으로 진단하였다. 킬레이트 치료는 도움 되지 않으며, 노출 중단 및 자외선 차단 등의 보존적인 방법을 사용하고 있다. 고찰: 은피증은 은의 복용, 흡입, 접촉에 의해 발생한다. 본 증례에서는 은피증을 원인으로 작업시의 은 노출 이외의 은 노출을 발견할 수 없었다. 그러므로, 직업성 은피증으로 사료되며, 은의 첨가제에 의해 은피증이 발생 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 현재 전자기파 차단의 용도로 은과 은 화합물의 사용이 계속되고 있으므로, 이에 대한 대책이 필요하다고 본다. 적절한 치료법이 없기 때문에, 예 방이 가장 중요하며, 보호구 착용, 작업환경 개선, 산업 안전보건교육이 필요하다. Background: Skin contact with, and the breathing in of air containing silver compounds can occur in the workplace. Occupational exposure to silver and its compounds is mainly via airborne dust, metal fumes, and mists of solutions containing silver compounds. Argyria results from increased serum silver levels and the deposition of silver-containing particles in the dermis and mucous membranes. The author reports a patient with generalized argyria, who worked on the manufacture of cellular phone cases. Case report: The patient was a 30 year-old male, with extensive blue-gray discoloration of the whole body, especially sun-exposed area, of 3 years duration. He had been exposed to silver in the processing of EMI for the past 4 years and gaskets for 1 year. EMI is the process by which the internal electromagnetic wave in cellular phone cases are shielded, and gaskets play an important role in shielding the electric clashes between electronic circuits, as well as increasing the durability of cellular phone cases to impact. EMI had been processed manually but this was changed to automatic spraying by robots in 2003. On physical examination, the patient had diffuse blue-gray discoloration of the skin, which was most prominent in the sun-exposed areas of his face, neck and V of the chest. Histopathological examination of a punch biopsy specimen from the posterior neck revealed fine, minute, round, and brown-black granules deposited in the basement membrane zone surrounding the eccrine glands. The laboratory findings were positive for hepatitis B antigen, with a serum silver concentration of 150.3 ppb. From this evidence, he was diagnosed with argyria due to silver exposure. Discussion: The author reports a case of occupational systemic argyria due to inhalation exposure of silver compounds.

20세기 초 구미 주요 국가들과 한국에서의 '신교육운동'의 성립과 전개 : 서론: 새로운 학교교육문화운동의 국제적 비교연구

오인탁 연세대학교 교육연구소 2003 연세 교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

Die neue Tendenz der 'Globalisation' und 'Postmodernismus' am Anfang 21. Jh. fordert heutzutage die Entstehung der neuen Kultur im schulischen Bereich, wodurch ein neuer Menschentyp fu¨r die Zukunft erzogen werden kann. Ein neuer Mensch sollte dabei 'reformfreudig', 'flexibel', 'kreativ', 'umweltfreundlich', 'tolerant' sein, damit sich die heranwachsende Generation auf die Vera¨nderungen in der Gesamtgesellschaft in der Zukunft gut vorbereitet sein kann. In diesem Sinne erweist es sich als ein sinnvoller Versuch, die reformpa¨dagogischen Bewegungen, die im Zeitraum vom Ende 19. bis Anfang 20. Jahrhunderts in ganz Europa und auch in den USA weit verbreitet waren, sowohl auf der theoretischen, als auch der praktischen Ebene in internationaler Hinsicht miteinander zu vergleichen. Aufgurnd dieser international vergleichenden Betrachtungen der schulreformerischen Versuchen sollte gelernt werden, auf welche Weise wir, Koreaner angesichts der neuen Herausforderungen, die das neue Jahrhundert uns gegenu¨berstellt, eine zukunftsweisende neue Schulkultur herbeifuhren konnen, die uns die wunschenswerte neue Zukunft ermo¨glichen wird. In dieser Abhandlung versucht der Verfasser, zu begru¨nden, welche wissenschaftliche Bedeutung ein internationaler Vergleich fu¨r die ganze Thematik haben muB, worum es in den weiteren fu¨nf Erforschungen geht. Daru¨ber hinaus schildert der Verfasser in ideengeschichtlicher Hinsicht, in welchem historischen Vorgang sich die Kultur im schulischen Bereich in den europa¨ischen La¨ndern seit der Antike bis heute entwickelt hat.

부산시내 대중목욕탕 용수중 중금속 분석

황인철,권미애,탁효정 고신대학교 보건과학연구소 2000 보건과학연구소보 Vol.10 No.-

The niny-four cold and hot water samples were collected from 47 bathhouses in Pusan and then analyzed by ICF with microwave digestion treatment to evaluate 13 kinds of metals in water of public baths. The mean concentrations of each metal in all samples were Pb, 0.001 mg/L; Ca, 33.241 mg/L; Fe, 0.066 mg/L; Mg, 5.166 mg/L; Zn, 0.040 mg/L; As, 0.009 mg/L; Mn, 0.006 mg/L; Cd, 0.007 mg/L; Se, 0.002 mg/L; Cr; 0.025 mg/L; Al, 0.047 mg/L; Cu, 0.032 mg/L. In groundwater samples Ca, Mn and Cu and Al level showed a statistically significant degree (p<0.01). In tap water samples Pb and Fe level were significantly hider in cold water while the Cr and Al level were lower (p<0.05). In the mixed tap groundwater and the spa water samples no significant degree was found between cold and hot water except that Mn level in cold water was significantly higer than in hot (p<0.05). Comparison between the spa area and non-spa area group : Ca and As level were higher in the spa area than the non-spa area, respectively. The highest mean concetration of Fe, Mg, Zn, and Cu were cold water in non-spa area, that of Mg and Cu were hot water.

치아회분과 석고혼합제재 매식과 자가골 동시 이식후 치유과정에 관한 실험적 연구

김영균,김흥중,이상호,여환호,임성철,설인택,정재헌 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adding autogenous bone to the toothash-plaster mixture in the healing process of bone. Full-thickness round osseous defects with the diameter of 20mm were made at the calvarial bone of adult dogs (n=19) bilaterally, which were thought to be critical size defect. The right defects were repaired with the toothash-plaster mixture plus autogenous bone (compressed volume 0.3cc) and the left defects with only toothash-plaster mixture. At 2-, 4-, 8-, 12- and 20- week after implantation, dogs were sacrificed and evaluated the osseous healing of bony defects clinically, radiographically, and microscopically. The results were as follows : 1. At the clinical observation, the wound healed very well without any problem except severe swelling in the early period after operation. Slight depression was recognized at the both sides when the portions of cranial defect were palpated. 2. There were statistically significant differences between toothash-plaster mixture groups and autogenous bone added groups at the same period, and among the groups in the bone density of the digital radiograms (P<0.001).There was a tendency that bone density was increasing with time. 3. In light microscopic examination, new bone formation was more active in the autogenous bone added groups than toothash-plaster mixture groups at the early period after mplantation but there is little difference at 20-week after implantation. 4. In fluorescent microscopic examination, the fluorescent band could be observed at the area of active bone formation and the band was more distinct in the autogenous bone added groups then toothash-plaster mixture groups. 5. In transmitted electron microscopic examination, organelles such as rER, Golgi complex and secretory granule and osteoblast were observed. In summary higher volume ratio of autogenous bone is needed to improve the bone healing in that there is little difference between toothash-plaster mixture group and autogenous bone added group at the 20-week after implantation in spite of new bone formation was more active in the autogenous bone added groups than toothash-plaster mixture groups at the early period after operation.

초등학교 학생에 있어서 환경 소음과 스트레스와의 관련성

강현경,황인철,옥치상,탁효정 고신대학교보건과학연구소 1999 보건과학연구소보 Vol.9 No.-

In order to understande the relationship the fourth grade students' stress and environmental noise, the authors surveyed 421 persons and the sound environment of eleven classrooms and their surroundings of five elementary schools in Pusan area. Both questionnaire and 1/3 octave band noise measuriment were administrated. Each sound level at class room (10-minute recess), corridor, classroom (lesson), playground, and gate was highest mostly at 800Hz, appeared to be 71.70.2 dB, 65.78.7dB, 57.57.9dB, 53.91.2 dB, and 53.52.6 dB respectively. Sound levels at frequencies less than 4,000 Hz were in range of 46.7 dB to 71.7dB, while those over 10,000 Hz were background level of 14.3 dB to 39.6 dB.Noise in corridor was higher than play ground and gate, this fact supports that school buildings seemed to bo little affected on environment sound but the sound proof of most classrooms wall was very poor. In order to grasp how sound affects on stress, multiple regression analysis using backward variable elimination method was conducted, and the resulting equation was as follows(R = 0.186, R2 = 0.035, adjusted R2 = 0.027); Stress = 2.221 + 0.459*(study disturbance due to home noise) + 0/607*(home noise) + 0.227*(sound in lesson).

香喫味葉煙草의 國産化에 關한 硏究 : 第1報 被覆材培 및 M.H. 處理가 Turkey葉의 收量 및 品質에 미치는 影響 Part 1, The Effects of Vinyl Mulching and Chemical Controller Maleic Acid Hydrazide on the Leaves Yield and Quality of Turkish Tobacco

李寅杰,李準琸 慶北大學校 1973 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Experiment on the effects of vinyl mulching and chemical controller maleic acid hydrazide to Turkish tobacco variety Samsun-Maden were conducted at the Taegu Tobacco Experiment Station during the 1972. The concentration of M. H. was 0.5 per cent solution at the rate of 15ml per plant and the numbers of M. H. treated times were divided into control and from once to trice at intervals of eight days before flowering date. The results may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Vinyl mulching had an effect to promote the early plant growth compare with nonmulching, and the reverse was the case in late plant growth. 2. There was a trend to decrease significantly the percentage of dry-up leaves with increase in the numbers of M. H. treated times and increase the percentage in the vinyl mulching blocks compare with non-mulching. 3. Total dry weight of each treatment appeared no significant differences from others, but the increases in dry weight of leaves from once or additional treatment of M. H. showed significant differences and the reverse was the case of roots and tops. 4. The maturing of leaves were promoted significantly by the treatment of vinyl mulching or M. H., and it also proved that the effect of additional treatment of M. H. 5. Yields were increased significantly with increase in the numbers of M. H. treated times, but not appeared the significant difference in quality. 6. Total alkaloid was decreased and the reverse was the case of total sugar in the sun-cured leaves by the treatment of vinyl mulching. When the M. H. was treated only once total alkaloid and sugar in the sun-cured leaves were increased compare with control, but decreased gradually with additional treatment.

Hydriding과 Dehydriding에서 입자미세화

南寅卓 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1983 産業技術硏究 Vol.3 No.-

Thd fragmentation of Mg and Mg-25(w/o) Al alloy particles in hydriding-dehydriding was studied. The formation of hydride was made in autoclave, and formed hydrides were MgH2 in both pure Mg and Mg-25(w/o) Al alloy particles. Pure Mg was more fractured than Mg-25(w/o) Al alloy in hydriding. The addition of Al exhibited fragmentation in hydriding, but displayed the same fragmentation as Mg in dehydriding.