Differentiation of Recurrent Tumor and Posttreatment Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Application of High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Hwang, I.,Choi, S.H.,Kim, Y.-J.,Kim, K.G.,Lee, A.L.,Yun, T.J.,Kim, J.-h.,Sohn, C.-H. American Society of Neuroradiology 2013 AJNR, American journal of neuroradiology Vol.34 No.12

<P><B>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</B></P><P>High b-value DWI has been expected to have an additional diagnostic role and demonstrated some promising results in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DWI at a high b-value (<I>b</I>=2000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) compared with a standard b-value (<I>b</I>=1000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) and the ratio of ADC values of high and standard b-values for their ability to differentiate between recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes after the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.</P><P><B>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</B></P><P>A total of 33 patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the present study; all had contrast-enhancing lesions on follow-up MR imaging. All patients underwent single-shot echo-planar DWI at <I>b</I>=1000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP> and <I>b</I>=2000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, and corresponding ADC maps were generated (ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> and ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>, respectively). The mean ADC<SUB>1000</SUB>, ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>, and ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> (ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> = ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>/ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> × 100) values were evaluated within a manually placed ROI with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images as references. For the statistical analysis, we performed a Student <I>t</I> test and multivariate logistic regression.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>The mean ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> in recurrent tumor was significantly lower than that in posttreatment changes (<I>P</I> < .001), whereas the mean ADC<SUB>2000</SUB> resulted in no significant difference (<I>P</I> = .365). The mean ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> was significantly higher in recurrent tumor than that in posttreatment changes (73.5 ± 7.2% vs 56.9 ± 8.8%, respectively; <I>P</I> < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> was the only independently differentiating variable (<I>P</I> = .024). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> were 95.0%, 69.2%, and 84.8%, respectively, by use of the optimal cutoff value of 62.6%.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>We suggest that the ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> calculated from the ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> and ADC<SUB>2000</SUB> is a promising value for the differentiation of recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.</P>

¹³¹I-labeled chitosan hydrogels for radioembolization: A preclinical study in small animals

Hwang, H.,Kim, K.I.,Kwon, J.,Kim, B.S.,Jeong, H.S.,Jang, S.J.,Oh, P.S.,Park, H.S.,Lim, S.T.,Sohn, M.H.,Jeong, H.J. Pergamon Press 2017 Nuclear medicine and biology Vol.52 No.-

<P>Advances in knowledge: Transarterial embolization is a conceivable treatment option for patients with inoperable liver cancer to mitigate the disease progression. Recently, we have developed chitosan-based hydrogel microparticles. In the present study, the hydrogel microparticles were radiolabeled with I-131 for treatment of liver cancer. Our results demonstrated that a hepatic arterial injection of I-125 -labeled Chi resulted in substantial liver accumulation, which was accompanied by virtually no extrahepatic deposition. The results of the present study also showed that administration of I-131 Chi markedly suppressed tumor growth, compared to controls and to animals receiving unlabeled Chi. I-131 -labeled chitosan hydrogel microparticles represent a new therapeutic approach for treatment of liver cancer. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens

Hong, S. I.,Kim, M. J.,You, I. J.,Kwon, S. H.,Ma, S. X.,Hwang, J. Y.,Seo, J. Y.,Ko, Y. H.,Lee, B. R.,Lee, S. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Psychophamacology Vol.233 No.8

<P>Phentermine is structurally similar to methamphetamine and is widely used as an anti-obesity drug in the USA and many other countries. The potential for reward of phentermine has been noted; however, the mechanisms of phentermine dependence have not been established. Here, we investigated the rewarding and dopaminergic behavioral responses to phentermine in mice and found that phentermine produced conditioned rewarding effects through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The impact of phentermine was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) test, climbing behavior test, and western blot analysis. Phentermine 1 and 3 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly increased CPP. Phentermine, a known dopamine releaser, boosted apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice, and methamphetamine (i.p.) also increased apomorphine-induced dopaminergic behavior. Phentermine and methamphetamine increased the level of expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and phospho-Akt proteins to a similar degree in the NAc of CPP mice. To determine whether the conditioned rewarding effects of phentermine were mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway, we assessed the effects of the Akt inhibitor LY294002 on phentermine-induced place preference and climbing behavior. LY294002 (1 and 3 mu g/site, i.c.v.) reduced phentermine-induced CPP and phentermine-increased climbing behavior. However, LY294002 did not change CPP and climbing behavior itself and also did not decrease apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice. Further, LY294002 decreased the phentermine-increased levels of DAT protein and phosphorylation of Akt in the NAc of CPP mice. Thus, these findings suggest that phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the NAc.</P>

축산농가 오수가 충주호에 유입되는 지천의 수질에 미치는 영향

오인환,이종현,황현섭,장영수,Oh, I. H.,Lee, J. H.,Hwang, H. S.,Jang, Y. S. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

축산농가가 인근의 하천수질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 충주호 주변 3곳을 선정하여 계절별로 지천의 수질을 조사하였다. 여름철에 T-N이 상류와 하류에서 각각 최소 0.005에서 최대 5.005 ppm이 조사되었고, 인산성 인이 S2 지점의 하류에서 0.5 ppm 검출되었다. COD는 8에서 20 ppm의 범위를 나타내었다. 가을철에 총 질소는 3측정지점을 통털어 상류지점에서 최저 0.005 ppm, 하류지점에서 최고 5.005 ppm을 나타내었으며, 역시 S2 지점의 하류에서 인산성 인이 0.5 ppm을 나타내었다. COD는 3 ppm에서 6 ppm의 범위를 나타내어 여름철보다 양호하였다. 겨울철에는 총 질소가 상류지점에서 최저치 0.053 ppm을 하류지점에서 최대치 0.51 ppm을 나타내었으며, 인산성 인은 S2 지점의 하류에서만 0.5 ppm을 나타내었고, COD는 가을철과 비슷하게 3 ppm에서 6 ppm을 나타내었다. 충주호 지천의 수질분석에서 여름철보다는 가을, 겨울철로 접어들면서 수질이 양호해지는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 축산농가에서 유출되는 오수가 지천에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다. To investigate the influence of livestock farm's wastewater on the near stream, the water quality of 3 different streams are analysed after seasons. In summer, the minimum T-N in the upper stream was 0.005 ppm and the maximum T-N in the down stream was 5.005 ppm. The phosphate was detected only in down stream of S2 point and was 0.5 ppm. COD was varied from 8 ppm in upper stream to 20 ppm in down stream. In fall, the T-N and the phosphate had shown similar results as that of in summer, however COD was varied from 3 ppm in upper stream to 6 ppm in down stream. In winter, the minimum T-N in the upper stream was 0.053 ppm and the maximum T-N in the down stream was 0.51 ppm. The phosphate was detected only in down stream of S2 point and was 0.5 ppm. COD was varied from 3 ppm in upper stream to 6 ppm in down stream. To be becoming fall and winter, the water quality of streams showed better than that of summer, and the wastewater from the livestock farms had little influence on the near streams.

Raised Source-Drain Transistors in a Cell and Support Area with Co-Silicide for 88-nm DRAM Technology and Beyond

Y.M. Choi,B.J. Park,D.H. Kim,D.I. Kim,D.S. Hwang,H. K. Hwang,H.J. Kim,H.S. Kim,I.B. Chung,J.M. Park,J.W. Lee,J.Y. Kim,Kinam Kim,M.H. Jo,정문영,N.J. Kang,S.E. Kim,Y.J. Park,Y.S. Hwang 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1

Full integration of a 512-Mb dynamic random access memory (DRAM) using both a raised sourcedrain (S/D) in a cell and a support area with additional Co silicidation in the support area is successfully performed for the first time at an 88-nm technology node. The Co-silicided support transistors in the DRAM circuit can be made by using the silicidation-blocking-layer method which keeps the cell array from silicidation. Raised S/D transistors using Si selective epitaxial growth (SEG) demonstrate good short-channel eect (SCE) immunity and a Co-silicided S/D in the support transistors exhibits an excellent current driving capability and reduced S/D sheet resistance, even for very small dimensions.

음성 감광막 몰드를 이용한 Ni과 Ni-W MEMS 구조물 제작

황완식,박준식,김윤호,박순섭,이인규,강성균 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

현재 급속한 성장을 보이고 있는 MEMS 분야에서 우선적으로 해결되야 할 문제 가운데 하나는 응용 분야에 알맞은 재료의 개발과 선택된 재료를 이용하여 고종횡비의 구조를 제작하는 것이다. 고종횡비를 구현하기 위하여 LIGA 공정과 SU-8 공정이 수행되고 있다. LIGA 공정은 높은 종횡비를 실현할 수 있지만 방사광 가속기를 사용해야 하는 문제가 있고, SU-8은 도금 후 제거가 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 그에 대한 대안으로 음성 감광막인 THB 공정을 적용하여 고종횡비를 갖는 MEMS 구조물 제작을 위한 몰드 제작이 시도 되었다. 제작된 몰드를 이용하여 전류 방법을 변화시켜 Ni 구조물이 제작되었다. 또한 Ni 보다 우수한 기계적 특성을 보이는 Ni-W 도금이 수행되어 MEMS 구조물로의 활용 가능성이 조사되었다. The rapid advancements of MEMS have fueled the search for high aspect ratio microstructures and new material developments to meet the requirements of production. High aspect ratio microstructures could be realized by applying LIGA(German Acronym for Lithografie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) and SU-8 processes. Among them, LIGA processes are the most promising one especially for the realization of high aspect ratio microstructures. However, many advanced technologies such as access of a synchrotron have delayed practical use in the field of MEMS. The difficulty of using SU-8 process is that SU-8 films could not be easily stripped. Utilizing THB negative photoresist as an alternative substitute of LIGA and SU-8 processes was tried to fabricate high aspect ratio microstructures. Fabrication and properties of electroformed Ni microstructures with varying applied current types as well as those of Ni-W microstructures were investigated.

Validation of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase as a potential herbicide target with lead compound triphenyltin acetate

Hwang, I.T.,Choi, J.S.,Song, H.Y.,Cho, S.J.,Lim, H.K.,Park, N.J.,Lee, D.H. Academic Press 2010 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.97 No.1

The validation of potential herbicide target, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase (KAPAS) in the early step of biotin biosynthesis pathway, was performed in vitro and in vivo with lead chemical triphenyltin acetate (TPTA). KAPAS activity was completely inhibited by TPTA with an IC<SUB>50</SUB>of 19.85μM. 40-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were killed with foliar treatment of 125gha<SUP>-1</SUP>TPTA under the greenhouse conditions. The germination of A. thaliana seeds was also completely inhibited with 62.5μM TPTA, but it was rescued to 85-92% with the supplement of biotin biosynthesis intermediates such as 0.5mM of biotin, dethiobiotin, and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid, but not by 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA). However, additional supplement of 0.5mM S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) with 0.5mM KAPA rescued up to 91% of the germination previously inhibited by the 50μM TPTA. Also, biotin supplements alleviated the growth inhibition of 40-day-old A. thaliana plant. Foliar application of TPTA induced 8-fold higher substrate (l-alanine) accumulation in the treated A. thaliana plants. RNA expression for KAPAS transcripts were much fainter in the lane representing leaf tissue treated with TPTA. With these results, we report that SAM is an essential donor of amino groups for synthesis of the biotin precursor KAPA to 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA) synthesis in plants, that KAPAS is a potential herbicidal target site in the biotin biosynthesis pathway, and that TPTA might be one of the potential KAPAS inhibitors.

A dopamine-alpha-lipoic acid hybridization compound and its acetylated form inhibit LPS-mediated inflammation

Hwang, J.S.,An, J.M.,Cho, H.,Lee, S.H.,Park, J.H.,Han, I.O. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.746 No.-

In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of dopamine and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) hybrid compounds, ALA-dopamine (HBU-199) and its acetylated derivative, ALA-acetyl dopamine (HBU-200), in BV2 microglia and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. HBU-199 and HBU-200 both significantly and dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) productions, NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA expressions and iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions. Furthermore, HBU-199 and HBU-200 protected RAW264.7 cells from activation-induced cell death. However, at same concentrations, dopamine or ALA did not inhibit LPS-mediated production of inflammatory molecules and activation-induced cell death. HBU-199 and HBU-200 inhibited LPS-induced inhibition of inhibitory kappa-B-alpha (IκB-α) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Furthermore, LPS-mediated DNA binding of p65 and p50 to the NF-κB binding site of the iNOS promoter was inhibited by HBU-199 and HBU-200, whereas dopamine and ALA did not inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation and IκB-α phosphorylation. Moreover, HBU-199 and HBU-200 suppressed LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, but not glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Overall, our data suggest that the ALA-dopamine hybrid compounds down-regulate inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent gene expression, suggesting that it is a promising therapeutic agent for both systemic inflammatory diseases and inflammatory diseases of central nervous system.

중소기업 정책자금 지원효과와 기업조직요인들과의 관련성 연구

황인표,한경석,LEE, S.H. 한국중소기업학회 2003 中小企業硏究 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 정부의 중소기업 정책자금 지원효과와 그에 대한 기업조직요인들의 영향에 관한 조사 연구이다. 지방소재 중소기업들을 대상으로 실 조사를 수행하였으며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 정책지원관련 이론적 배경과 여러 선행연구들에 관한 이론적 검토를 하였다 지원성과 분석을 위해 관련 변수별 특성을 규명하였으며, 독립변수로서 구체적으로 조직전략요인, 내부운영요인 및 지원과정요인들을 선정하였다. 결론적으로 세 가지 관련변수 모두가 지원효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 변수별로는 조직전략요인에 있어서는 정확한 기업목표 설정이, 조직운영요인에 있어서는 부서별 업무협조와 내부자원의 적정배분이, 그리고 지원과정요인에 있어서는 정책지원의 신뢰성과 지원과정의 투명성이 성과에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 상대적으로 정책지원 과정관리가 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 이러한 결론들을 가지고 몇 가지 시사점과 한계점을 도출하였다. This article is focused on the relatedness of governmental support and organizational factors in Korean small firms. An approach on the theoretical background was attempted to discover some insights in association with corporate operation and its performance in local areas. As independent variables, organizational strategic factor, inner operating factor of the firm, and supporting process management factor were selected. The results showed definite corporate goal, proper resource's allocation, policy's reliance and transparency so positively affect toward the performance of government's financial support. Furthermore, quality management in supporting process was relatively very important factor compared to other variables, Finally, several conclusions and some implications were suggested

WWW 상에서의 CGI를 이용한 농업용 전문가 시스템의 추론엔진과 사용자 인터페이스의 개발

조성인,이종수,박은우,황헌,윤진일 한국농업정보과학회 1999 농업정보과학 Vol.1 No.1

Tuday's agriculture mainly relies on agricultural chemicals, mechanical power, and electronics. Efficiencies if labor, capital, productivity and quality are also major issues in today's agriclilture. Not only mechanization to replace human labor but information process becomes important to achieve the efficiencies. Agricultural informations consist of numerical data, text data and images. Lots of the informations come from human experiences and are in non-numerical forms. Therefore, they are difficult to be processed properly for the information process such as expert systems. This problem would be solved by using CGI (Common Cateway Interface) in WWW (World Wide Web). We developed a forward chaining inference engine for a heuristic rule-based expert system to process knowledges in agriculture. It managed many rule bases with recursion using low memory capacity. User interfaces of the expert system using the CGI improved processing specialized agricul-tural knowledges from experts in agricultural domains. By networking the expert systems in WWW, farmers could use expert systems at remote sites with ease.