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Y.M. Choi,B.J. Park,D.H. Kim,D.I. Kim,D.S. Hwang,H. K. Hwang,H.J. Kim,H.S. Kim,I.B. Chung,J.M. Park,J.W. Lee,J.Y. Kim,Kinam Kim,M.H. Jo,정문영,N.J. Kang,S.E. Kim,Y.J. Park,Y.S. Hwang 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1
Full integration of a 512-Mb dynamic random access memory (DRAM) using both a raised sourcedrain (S/D) in a cell and a support area with additional Co silicidation in the support area is successfully performed for the first time at an 88-nm technology node. The Co-silicided support transistors in the DRAM circuit can be made by using the silicidation-blocking-layer method which keeps the cell array from silicidation. Raised S/D transistors using Si selective epitaxial growth (SEG) demonstrate good short-channel eect (SCE) immunity and a Co-silicided S/D in the support transistors exhibits an excellent current driving capability and reduced S/D sheet resistance, even for very small dimensions.
Nearly single-crystalline GaN light-emitting diodes on amorphous glass substrates
Choi, Jun Hee,Zoulkarneev, Andrei,Kim, Sun Il,Baik, Chan Wook,Yang, Min Ho,Park, Sung Soo,Suh, Hwansoo,Kim, Un Jeong,Bin Son, Hyung,Lee, Jae Soong,Kim, Miyoung,Kim, Jong Min,Kim, Kinam Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2011 Nature photonics Vol.5 No.12
Kim, Hongjo,Kim, Kinam,Kim, Hyoungkwan American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of computing in civil engineering Vol.30 No.4
<P>Due to the dynamic environment of construction sites, workers are continuously confronted with the potential for safety accidents. Although various safety guidelines have been developed, workers cannot always be aware of everything that occurs around them when they focus on their work on noisy and congested job sites. Therefore, it is difficult for workers to conform to guidelines to protect themselves when confronting dangerous situations. To address this safety issue, this paper presents an on-site safety-assessment system for monitoring struck-by accidents with moving entities based on computer vision and fuzzy inference. Computer vision is used to monitor a construction site and extract spatial information for each entity (workers and equipment). Next, fuzzy inference is used to assess the proper safety levels of each entity using spatial information. A safety level represents the potential hazard or the integrating danger that a person encounters at a particular moment. Struck-by accidents are selected as a target safety hazard for validation. The proposed system is expected to provide valuable information regarding worker safety represented as a numerical value. Using the record of safety levels, site managers can improve current working practices. For example, site managers can sound an alarm for workers when the safety level is too low.</P>
Kim, Da Yeon,Kwon, Doo Yeon,Lee, Bit Na,Seo, Hyo Won,Kwon, Jin Seon,Lee, Bong,Han, Dong Keun,Kim, Jae Ho,Min, Byoung Hyun,Park, Kinam,Kim, Moon Suk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 SOFT MATTER Vol.8 No.29
<P>Here, we describe the preparation of microcapsule formulations using <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogels to achieve desired therapeutic levels over a specific period. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded microcapsules were prepared using a mono-axial nozzle ultrasonic atomizer with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 65% and a particle size of approximately 60 μm. Injectable formulations were prepared by mixing BSA-FITC-loaded microcapsules (Cap) and chitosan (CH), Pluronic (PL), or methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-<I>b</I>-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (MPEG-<I>b</I>-PCL) solution (MP). All formulations were prepared as solutions and became gelatinous drug depot implants after injection into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. While monitoring <I>in vivo</I> BSA release, we found that the initial burst release of BSA was retarded by <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogels. The <I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB> and <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> values for each formulation were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the BSA-FITC-solution alone. The absolute bioavailability of BSA-FITC from each formulation depended on the viscosities of the <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogels. The viscosities of the <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogels were considered to be an important factor influencing the initial burst and duration of BSA release over a period of several weeks. One conclusion that might be drawn from this work is that the initial burst and sustained entire release profile depend on the hydrogel properties. In conclusion, we believe the results of the present study provide potential new insights into sustained pharmacological performance and represent a useful experimental platform using <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogels for future protein delivery research.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The <I>in situ</I>-forming hydrogel systems can act as an additional outer shell for protein-loaded microcapsules, resulting in the suppression of the initial burst of drug released from microcapsules. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2sm25566a'> </P>
The Ability to Identify the Imported Foods among Housewives in Cheongju Area
Kim Kinam,Park Eunjin,Cho Jinsuk Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2005 Journal of community nutrition Vol.7 No.2
The purpose of the study was to get some information about the educational program for consumers in the community. For this, the author investigated the ability to identify the imported foods and the educational contents to be taught. The subjects for this study were 183 housewives living in Cheongju city, and the research was conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2003. A survey questionnaire was distributed, asking general matters regarding the subject, attitude when purchasing foods, the ability to identify the imported foods, educational contents to be taught, and the identification ability between the domestic and the imported foods. The data was analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviations using SAS program, and was also examined with Chi-square or ANOVA. $92.3\%$ of housewives checked the label to distinguish between the domestic food and the imported one, among which $99.5\%$ preferred to buy the domestic brand. For major reasons of this preference, $46.3\%$ of them reported that the imported foods had many harmful substances. $66.1\%$ of the subjects, however, replied that they did not have the ability to discern the differences between the two. The identification information was received from 'TV or radio program', which $61.7\%$ of the subjects reported as such. $61.5\%$ of the subjects were inclined to receive education about the imported foods. For the educational contents, $75.4\%$ wanted to learn 'the method to identify the imported foods'. According to the identification test on the imported foods, they got 13.6 points on the average out of 40 points, which was quite low. The highest correct answer was for pteridium aquilinum ($63.7\%$), sesame ($49.2\%$), and yellow croaker ($45.6\%$), while the highest incorrect answer was for red pepper powder ($40.4\%$), chestnut ($40.6\%$), and dried pepper ($32.2\%$). The results suggested that most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards the imported agricultural products, but their identification ability was quite poor. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and publicity work in relation to the identification methods for the imported foods so that consumers may have less risk from the imported agricultural products.
Maglev(UTM-02) Brake System Change from Pneumatic Bake System to Hydraulic Brake System
Kim, Kinam,Hwang, Sungwoon,Jeon, Heekwon The Korean Society for Railway 2015 International Journal of Railway Vol.8 No.1
The Maglev(UTM-02) project is leading by Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials and financially supported from the ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy. The early development stagy of Maglev(UTM-02) was adopted the general urban railway pneumatic brake system due to the Korea domestic industrial environment. Currently there is two commercial operation Light Railway Train(LRT) system in Korea. One is U-Line in Uijungbu, and the other is Everline in Yongin. Both LRT systems are adopting high performance light weight hydraulic brake system. But those design and manufacturing core technology of the brake system is came from a major brake system companies located from aboard. Currently various studies have been continued to increase practical application and to improve competitiveness on performance for each sub-system of Maglev. Also in case of brake system, developing competitive hydraulic brake system is required. In this study, we have introduced the development process and performance evaluation of the new hydraulic brake system of Maglev.
Hydrotropic solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs
Kim, Ji Young,Kim, Sungwon,Papp, Michelle,Park, Kinam,Pinal, Rodolfo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol.99 No.9
<P>The solubilizing ability of two aromatic hydrotropes, N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DENA) and N,N-dimethylbenzamide (DMBA), was investigated using a set of 13 poorly soluble, structurally diverse drugs. The number of aromatic rings in the solute molecule has a very strong effect on the solubility enhancement produced by either hydrotrope. However, although solubility enhancements in the order of 1000- to 10,000-fold were obtained with each of the hydrotropic agents, important differences were found between the two. DMBA is more hydrophobic and undergoes more extensive self-association than DENA, as determined by vapor osmometry. As a result, DMBA is generally a more powerful solubilizer of hydrophobic drugs. DENA, on the other hand, is more polar and its self-association is essentially limited to dimer formation. However, despite being less hydrophobic, DENA is an extremely powerful solubilizer of paclitaxel, a highly hydrophobic compound. Such a result is attributed to the higher hydrogen bonding ability of DENA over DMBA and the very high hydrogen bonding ability of paclitaxel. These observations in turn illustrate the strong interplay between specific and hydrophobic interactions on the observed solubilization by hydrotropic agents. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:3953–3965, 2010</P>
Kim, Hyounguk,Jung, Kinam,Yeo, Seon Ju,Chang, Wonseok,Kim, Jeong Je,Lee, Kwanil,Kim, Young Dong,Han, Il Ki,Kwon, S. Joon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.45
<P>Near-infrared (NIR) waveguides are a key component of planar photonic devices such as optical communication couplers, image sensors, and spectroscopes for chemical or biological molecules. Conventional NIR waveguides used for signal transmission include silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides and channel/ridge-type metal micro-strips. However, these waveguides usually have limitations of either signal delay or signal loss in optically integrated devices. In this study, a novel NIR waveguide composed of a semi-disordered array of metal nanoparticles (sDAMNPs) on Si substrate was proposed, fabricated, and tested. The disordered metallic nanoparticles array is geometrically localized in the form of 1D metal strips, thus replacing sDAMNPs with less lossy micro strip channel waveguides. From the measurements supported by various computational models, the fabricated waveguides operate effectively in the broadband NIR region (1100 to 1700 nm). The waveguide does not support signal transmission in the ultra violet-visible spectrum due to strong signal absorption, scattering, and localization effects inside the metal nanoparticles. Instead, it is capable of transmitting NIR over a distance longer than 100 μm (signal loss ∼3.85 dB per 100 μm for NIR from 1200 to 1600 nm), which is also sufficiently longer than the conventional surface plasmon polariton propagation distance at the metal-Si interface. Compared to a waveguide-free reference, the waveguide exhibited greatly improved signal transmission efficiency up to a factor of 7.42 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> at 1367 nm. It also exhibits a high deflection angle sensitivity of 1.89 dB per 0.01 rad, thus efficiently and straightly guiding the broadband NIR signal over a long distance.</P>