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괴사후성과 비괴사후성 간경변증에서 원인별 주석교질 (^99mTc-tin colloid) 간스캔의 차이
이헌영,허승식,이강욱,정현용,김삼용,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2
The differences of the liver scintigraphic features between postnecrotic and nonpostnecrotic liver cirrhosis were studied for 69 patients. Degrees of mottling and splenomegaly were no different between two groups but shrinked form was more frequent finding in postnecrotic type(23:10), and normal shape & enlarged left lobe with shrinked right lobe were relatively dominant in non-postnecrotic group(15:6, 10:2). Grade of extrahepatic uptake of ^99mTc-tin colloid was significantly higher in Child-Pugh B & C group than A group(p<0.05), but there was no difference between postnecrotic and non-postnecrotic groups. These will be important results on the dicision for the presence of cirrhosis according to the variable causes.
금강에 서식하는 감돌고기 Pseudopungtungia nigra의 탁란
김익수,최승호,이흥헌,한경호 한국어류학회 2004 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.16 No.1
2003년 5월부터 7월까지 전북 진안군 주천면의 금강상류의 지류인 주자천에서 감돌고기의 탁란에 관하여 조사하였다. 감돌고기는 꺽지의 수컷이 보호하는 산란장에 무리를 지어 침입하였고 탁란을 실시하였다. 감돌고기의 산란은 꺽지가 산란을 시작한 직후부터 시작되어 꺽지의 산란이 끝난 후에도 3∼5일 동안 더 진행되었다. 감돌고기 알의 부화는 대부분 숙주의 알보다 먼저 이루어졌고, 감돌고기의 자어는 부화 후 즉시 숙주의 산란장을 떠났다. 산란장을 지키는 부화 후 즉시 숙주의 산란장을 떠났다. 산란장을 지키는 꺽지 수컷이 사라졌을 때 산란장의 숙주의 알과 감돌고기 알은 즉시 다른 어류에 의해 모두 섭식되었다. 따라서, 감돌고기는 자신의 알이 부화할 때까지 숙주의 보호를 받는 커다란 이득을 획득한다. A field study of the brood parasitism by Korean shiner, Psudopungtungia nigra, on nests of the Korean aucha perch, Coreoperca herzi, was carried out from May 2003 to July 2003 at the Juja stream, Jinan-gun, Jeonlabuk-do, Korea. Observations in the wild showed that the Korean shiner concentrated on nests of Korean aucha perch in which the nest owners had just spawned. The Korean shiner always spawned in nests of Korean aucha perch. When the parasite shiner spawned in the perch nest, the parasite eggs hatched earlier than the host eggs. Parasite prelarvae shiner left the nest of the host immediately after hatching. Host and parasite eggs disappeared with no guarding by the host male. We suggest that the parasite eggs are protected from egg predators by the host male.
Lee, Min,Kim, Byung-Jo,Lim, Eun Jeong,Back, Seung Keun,Lee, Ju-Han,Yu, Sung-Wook,Hong, Sung-Ha,Kim, Joo Han,Lee, Sang-Heon,Jung, Woon-Won,Sul, Donggeun,Na, Heung Sik Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - AnesthesiaAna 2009 Anesthesia and analgesia Vol.109 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: Although numerous animal models for low back pain associated with intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration have been proposed, insufficient data have been provided to make any conclusions regarding pain. Our aim in this study was to determine the reliability of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the rat spine as an animal model representing human discogenic pain. METHODS: We studied IVD degenerative changes with pain development after a 10-microL CFA injection into the L5-6 IVD of adult rats using behavioral, histologic, and biochemical studies. Serial histologic changes were analyzed to detect degenerative changes. Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), prostaglandin E (PGE), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined using immunohistochemistry or real-time polymerase chain reaction as support data for pain development. In addition, CGRP immunoreactivity (ir) at the IVD was considered indirect evidence of neural ingrowth into the IVD. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of the hindpaw withdrawal response in the CFA group until 7 wk postoperatively (P < 0.05). Histologic analyses revealed progressive degenerative changes of the disks without any damage in adjacent structures, including nerve roots. In the CGRP-ir staining study, the bilateral dorsal horns and IVD had positive ir after intradiscal CFA injection. CGRP mRNA expression was increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 2 and 4 wk, whereas PGE and iNOS mRNAs were markedly increased at 2 wk. The increment of CGRP expression was higher in allodynic rats compared with nonallodynic rats. CONCLUSION: Intradiscal CFA injection led to chronic disk degeneration with allodynia, which was suggested by pain behavior and expression of pain-related mediators. The increment of CGRP, PGE, and iNOS also suggest pain-related signal processing between the IVD and the neural pathway in this animal model. This animal model may be useful for future research related to the pathophysiology and development of novel treatment for spine-related pain.</P>
Evaluation of Thermal Durability of Thermal Barrier Coating and Change in Mechanical Behavior
Lee, Dong Heon,Kang, Nam Kyu,Lee, Kee Sung,Moon, Heung Soo,Kim, Hyung Tae,Kim, Chul The Korean Ceramic Society 2017 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.54 No.4
This study investigates changes in the mechanical behavior, such as changes in indentation load-displacement curve, wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) by thermal cycling test and thermal shock test. Relatively dense and porous TBCs on nickel-based bondcoat/superalloy are prepared; the highest temperature applied during thermal durability test is $1350^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that the porous TBCs have relatively longer lifetime during thermal cycling and thermal shock tests, while denser TBCs have relatively higher wear and contact fatigue resistance. The mechanical behavior is influenced by sintering of the TBCs by exposure to high temperature during tests.
Lee, Dae Ho,Han, Ji-Youn,Kim, Heung Tae,Yoon, Sung Jin,Pyo, Hong Ryull,Cho, Kwan Ho,Shin, Sang-Hoon,Yoo, Heon,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Jin Soo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Cancer Vol.113 No.1
<B>BACKGROUND.</B><P>This randomized pilot trial investigated whether primary chemotherapy was feasible in terms of efficacy, survival, toxicity profile, and quality of life compared with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) given first in chemotherapy-naive patients nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled by supportive care.</P><B>METHODS.</B><P>After stratification by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (0–1 vs 2), the number of intracranial metastases (<3 vs 3≤), and the presence of extrathoracic extracranial metastasis, eligible patients were randomized to the primary chemotherapy arm or the WBRT-first arm. World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria, National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC; version 2.0), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) C-30/LC-13 questionnaire were used.</P><B>RESULTS.</B><P>A total of 48 patients were enrolled between August 2002 and November 2005. The response rate of chemotherapy and survival outcomes in the primary chemotherapy arm were not statistically different from those in the WBRT-first arm (overall response rate, 28.0% vs 39.1%; progression-free survival, 3.6 months vs 4.4 months; overall survival, 9.1 months vs 9.9 months). There was close correlation noted between intracranial and extracranial tumor responses (k = 0.82). However, in the WBRT-first arm, grade 3 of 4 neutropenia was more frequent (79% vs 40%) during chemotherapy and 4 patients (17.4%) did not receive further chemotherapy because of early death or poor performance after WBRT. Cognitive function appeared to deteriorate during primary chemotherapy, but was also found to deteriorate after WBRT.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS.</B><P>Primary chemotherapy is more feasible and can be an appropriate option for patients with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled. The role and timing of WBRT should be defined in further studies in this clinical setting. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.</P>
USEFULNESS OF SIMPLE SHIELDING TECHNIQUE USING MULTILEAF COLLIMATOR IN BREAST RADIATION THERAPY
Lee, Kyu Chan,Lee, Seok Ho,Lee, Seung Heon,Sung, Kihoon,Ahn, So Hyun,Choi, Jinho,Dong, Kap Sang,Kim, Hyo Jin,Chun, Yong Seon,Park, Heung Kyu The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2014 방사선방어학회지 Vol.39 No.4
This study was designed to assess whether the conventional tangential technique, using a multileaf collimator (MLC), allows a reduced dose to the organs at risk (OAR) in breast radiation therapy. A total of forty right and left 20 for each breast cancer patients that underwent radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery were included in this study. For each patient, the planning target volume (PTV) and OAR (heart, left anterior descending artery (LAD), liver and lung) were defined and dose distribution were produced for conventional tangential beams using 6 MV photons. The treatment plans were made using the following two techniques for all patients. For the first plan (P1), MLC was designed to shield as much of OAR as possible without compromising the coverage of PTV. In the second plan (P2), the treatment plan was created without using MLC. Dose-volume histograms for OARs were calculated for all plans. For left breast cancer, the percentage of maximum dose ($D_{max%}$) and mean dose ($D_{mean%}$) of OARs (heart and LAD) were calculated, and for right breast cancer, the percentage of the mean dose ($D_{mean%}$) of the liver was calculated. The $D_{mean%}$ of the lung was calculated in all patients. The mean values of $D_{max%}$ of the heart ($86.9{\pm}19.5%$ range, 35.1-100.6%) in P1 were significantly lower than in P2 ($98.3{\pm}3.4%$ range, 91.7-105.2%) (p=0.001). The mean values of $D_{max%}$ of LAD ($78.4{\pm}22.5%$ range, 26.5-99.7%) in P1 was significantly lower than in P2 ($93.3{\pm}8.1%$ range, 67.9-102.1%) (p<0.001). In P1, the mean values of $D_{mean%}$ of the liver ($4.8{\pm}2.0%$) were significantly lower than in P2 ($6.2{\pm}2.5%$) (p<0.001). The mean values of $D_{mean%}$ of the lung were significantly lower in P1 ($9.3{\pm}2.3%$) than in P2 ($9.7{\pm}2.4%$) (p<0.001). P1, by using MLC, allows a significantly reduced dose to OAR compared with P2. We can suggest that it is reasonable to routinely use MLC in the conventional tangential technique for breast radiation therapy considering the primary tumor location.