Compost of Swine Manure Slurry Using the Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation (TAO) Syst

Lee, W.I.,Tsujii, H.,Lee, M.G.,Cha, G.C.,Chung, J.C. The Korean Society of Animal Environmental Science 2004 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.10 No.1

현장규모 (8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) 및 파이롯트규모 (1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m)의 고온호기산화장치를 이용하여 공기투입량 및 처리온도에 따른 양돈분뇨의 감량화 효율을 검토하였다. 현장규모에서 공기투입장치, 거품제거장치의 설치조건이 양돈슬러리 증발량과 처리온도에 모두 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 현장규모 연구는 3가지의 처리방법 (처리A:공기공급량 120㎥/h, 수중펌프 2대, 소포장치2대: 처리 B: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 3대; 처리C: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 4대)으로 실행되었다. 1일 5㎥ 양돈슬러리를 동일하게 투입하면서 얻어진 연구결과, 수위변화, 온도변화 및 증발량은 각각 처리A: 50∼100cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$, 55L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리B: 40∼90cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$, 75L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리C: 40∼70cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$, 120L/$\m^2$ㆍday이었다. 한편 파이롯트 규모 연구는 반 연속식으로 양돈분뇨를 투입하면서 매일 투입량을 처리1: 50L/2h, 처리2: 50L/3h, 처리3: 40L/3h, 처리4: 60L/4h으로 하여 최대 슬러리 감량조건을 도출하기 위해 수행하였다. A field-scale(8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) and pilot-scale(1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m) thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO) units were installed to investigate the volume reduction efficiency of slurry, by varying the aeration and treatment temperature of swine manure, and the collected liquid was evaluated as a liquid fertilizer. In the field-scale unit, the aeration level and numbers of foam breakers made different effects on the slurry volume and temperature in the TAO system. The experiments were peformed for three cases, using different levels of aeration and numbers of foam breakers: Treat-A (aeration rate; 120 ㎥ air/hr using 2 air pumps and 2 foam breakers), Treat-B (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 3 foam breakers) and Treat-C (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 4 foam breakers). With the same input volume (5 ㎥/day) of swine manure slurry, the resulting liquid levels, temperatures and evaporation rates were 50∼100 cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$ and 55 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-A; 40∼90 cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$ and 75 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-B; and 40∼70 cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$ and 120.0 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-C. In the pilot-scale unit, semi-continuous flow of swine manure slurry was introduced. 50 $\ell$ every 2hr(T-1), 50 $\ell$ every 3hr(T-2), 40 $\ell$ every 2hr (T-3) and 60 $\ell$ every 4hr (T-4) within 24 hours, in order to find the maximum slurry volume reduction conditions.

Glucose와 Phosphate가 제거된 M-TALP 배지에서의 난구세포 공배양에 의한 임신율 향상에 관한 연구

정범식,장우현,이문희,김지연,방지호,김규현,서태광,Chung, B.S.,Chang, W.H.,Lee, M.H.,Kim, J.Y.,Bang, J.H.,Kim, K.H.,Suh, T.K. 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.1

The beneficial effect of glucose and phosphate ions in culture medium on the development of human embryos in vitro has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization and culture of embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium on pregnancy rates in IVF-ET program. The patients in 244 IVF-ET cycles received GnRH agonist + HMG regimens. A does of 10,000 IU HCG was administered when two or more dominent follicles reached 18mm in diameter. Thirty-six hours after HCG, oocytes were recovered transvaginally using ultrasound guidance. Aspirated oocytes were matured for 4 to 6 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% follicular fluid (FF). Insemination was carried out with 50,000 motile spermatozoa in TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% fetal cord serum (FCS) according to experimental design. After 6 h, oocytes were washed 3 to 4 times and cultured in each fresh medium. After 20 h, oocytes were freed from cumulus/corona cells and examined for the presence of pronuclei. Fertilized oocytes were transferred into each co-culture drops and cultured for further incubation. On day 3, embryo transfer was performed with grade 1 and 2 embryos. Monolayers for co-culture of embryos were prepared by plating $1{\times}10^5$ cumulus cells/ml in 10ul drop of TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% FCS media 24 h prior to the onset of co-culture. Development to 4 to 16 cell stage was observed at 70x magnification following two days of incubation. Pregnancy was confirmed by detecting increasing serum ${\beta}$-hCG concentrations for 11 days following embryo transfer. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test. Oocytes from 244 IVF-ET cycles were randomized. The number of cycles and mean age of patients were 97 and 147, 31.3 yrs and 31.2 yrs for TCM-199 (control) and m-TALP groups, respectively. The mean number of retrieved oocytes/cycle, fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred/ET and pregnancy rates were 11.1 and 10.3, 65.1% and 67.3%, 4.1 and 4.7, 28.9% and 43.8% for TCM-199 and m-TALP groups, respectively. Differences in the pregnancy rates were found between control and m-TALP groups (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate of patients divided according to maternal age groups of ${\leq}30$, 31-35, $36{\leq}$ were 44.4% and 49.0%, 26.1% and 41.3%, 29.2% and 41.2% for control and m-TALP groups, respectively. These data indicate that culture of human embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium improves pregnancy rates.

Formation of the internal transport barrier in KSTAR

Chung, J.,Kim, H.S.,Jeon, Y.M.,Kim, J.,Choi, M.J.,Ko, J.,Lee, K.D.,Lee, H.H.,Yi, S.,Kwon, J.M.,Hahn, S.-H.,Ko, W.H.,Lee, J.H.,Yoon, S.W. International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 Nuclear fusion Vol.58 No.1

<P>One of key objectives of tokamak experiments is the exploration of enhanced confinement regimes, and the access of the internal transport barrier (ITB) formation is dealt with an important physics issue in the most of major tokamaks. Also, the advanced tokamak scenario with ITB is expected to lead to a continuous reactor with high fusion power density. From that point of view, the formation of the ITB in KSTAR which is designed for long pulse operation capability is very important although its heating and current drive systems are not fully equipped yet. We have therefore assumed that an early injection of the full NBI power (∼5.5 MW) during the current ramp-up would give a chance to form an internal barrier if the plasma could stay in the L-mode. To avoid the H-mode transition, we have produced inboard limited plasmas with detaching from the both upper and lower divertors. Using this approach, an ITB formation during L-mode has been observed which shows improved core confinement. Ion and electron temperature profiles show the barrier clearly in the temperature, and it was sustained for about 7 s in the dedicated experiment. This is the first stationary ITB observed in a full superconducting tokamak. This operation scenario with the ITB could be an alternative way to achieve a high performance regime in KSTAR, and the length of the ITB discharge could be extended even longer. In this paper, we present the formation of the ITB using measured and simulated characteristic profiles.</P>

H-Y 항체에 의한 토끼배의 성조절에 관한 연구 1 . 배의 발달과 형광 발현에 의한 자 웅 수정란의 분리

이창규(C . K . Lee),정구민(K . M . Chung),김수헌(S . H . Kim),임경순(K . S . Im) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.7

Antisera to histocompatibility (H-Y) antigen were used to immunologically presume the sex of rabbit embryos. H-Y antisera were prepared in inbred SD female rat by repeated immunization of spleen cells from males of same strain. The titre of H-Y antibody in antiserum was examined by mouse sperm cytotoxicity and biological tests. Experiments applied delaying ability of development of embryos in H-Y antiserum and binding ability of FITC labelled second antibody. After culture, embryos were observed their morphological characteristics under phase contrast microscope and detected fluorescence on embryos under fluorescence microscope. After detection of fluorescence, embryos were transfered to normal medium and observed their morphological characteristics. 1. When rabbit morula were treated with H-Y antiserum only, the rate of developed and delayed embryos was 47.2 and 52.8% respectively, and the rate of non-fluorescing and fluorescing embryos was 51.4 and 48.6%, respectively. 2. When rabbit morula were cultured in H-Y antiserum followed by complement, the rate of non-fluorescing and fluorescing embryos was 53.6 and 46.4%. respectively. 3. After detection of fluorescence, the embryos were cultured in normal medium. When embryos were treated with H-Y antiserum only, the rate of arrested and developed embryos was 20.8 and 79.2% respectively. However, when embryos were treated with H-Y antiserum followed by complement, the rate of arrested and developed embryos was 42.9 and 57.1% respectively.

M-13 bacteriophage based structural color sensor for detecting antibiotics

Moon, J.S.,Park, M.,Kim, W.G.,Kim, C.,Hwang, J.,Seol, D.,Kim, C.S.,Sohn, J.R.,Chung, H.,Oh, J.W. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.240 No.-

Color sensor systems that exploit the advantages of M-13 bacteriophage have been shown to be potentially useful for detection of hazardous materials. The properties of M-13 bacteriophage can be systemically modified to impart target-specific selectivity and sensitivity using the phage display technique. Here, we describe a structural color-based sensor that utilizes genetically engineered M-13 bacteriophage to discriminate different types of antibiotics. An M-13 bacteriophage based structural color matrix was fabricated using a simple pulling technique by self-assembly of M-13 bacteriophage. When exposed to organic solvent, M-13 bacteriophage bundles promptly swell and promote distinct structural color change. Color sensors composed of M-13 bacteriophage genetically engineered to possess WHW peptide motifs clearly discriminated three different types of antibiotics, which was based on the color analysis of sensor using principal component analysis. Our sensing approach based on M-13 bacteriophage could be a promising sensor technique such as an environmental monitoring system.

2단계 급속동결 및 초자화 동결한 토끼상실배의 체외생존성에 관한 연구

정구민,이창규,임경순,김수헌 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.1

본 시험은 수정란 급속동결보존기술의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 2단계 급속동결 및 초자화동결이 토끼 상실배의 체외발생등에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 토끼 상실배를 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 및 3.0 M glycerol과 0.5 M sucrose가 포함된 동결액에 실온에서 10분간 노출후 -30℃에서 30∼40분간 정치하여 급속동결하였을 때 발생율은 각각 36.4, 83.3, 92.3 및 84.2%로 2.5 M glycerol에서 가장 높았다. 2. 토끼 상실배를 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 및 3.0 M 1,2-propanediol과 0.5 M sucrose가 포함된 동결액에 실온에서 10분간 노출 후 -30℃에서 30∼40분간 정치하여 급속동결하였을 때 발생율은 각각 26.6, 55.6, 65.0 및 52.9%로 2.5 M 1,2-propanediol에서 가장 높았으나, glycerol을 사용했을 때 보다 낮았다. 3. 토끼 상실배를 2.5, 3.0 및 3.5 M glycerol과 0.5 M trehalose가 포함된 동결액에 실온에서 10분간 노출후 액체질소에 침지하여 초급속동결한 결과 회수율은 각각 87.5, 92.5 및 92.5%, 형태적으로 정상인 수정란의 비율은 각각 37.5, 55.5 및 60.0%, 그리고 발생율은 각각 13.3, 36.4 및 37.5%로 3.5 M glycerol에서 가장 높았으나 초자화동결법보다 현저하게 낮았다. 4. 토끼 상실배를 25% glycerol과 25% 1,2-propanediol을 함유한 동결액에 실온에서 10분간 노출후 초자화동결했을 때 발생율은 75.0%로 실온에서 형평한 후 초자화동결이 가능하였다. This experiment was carried out to investigate on in vitro development of rabbit monla frozen by 2-step feezing and vitrification. The results obtained from this experiment are as follows; 1. When rabbit morula in m-PBS containing 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 M glyceral and 0.5 M sucrose for 10 min at room temperature were cooled at -30℃ for 30 to 40 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen, the proportion of embryo developed to expanded blastoyst was 36.4, 83.3, 92.3 and 84.2%, respectively. Glycerol 2.5 M showed higher survival than others. 2. When rabbit morula in m-PBS containing 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 M 1, 2-propanediol and 0.5 M sucrose for 10 min at room temperature were cooled at -30℃ for 30 to 40 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen, the proportion of embrye developed to expanded blastocyst was 26.6, 55.6, 65.0 and 52.9%, respectively. 1, 2-propanediol was less effective than glycerol. 3. When rabbit morula in m-PBS containing 2.5, 3.0 or 3.5 M glycerol and 0.5 M trehalose for 10 min at room temperature were plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed rapidly, the recovery rate of embryo was 87.5, 92.5 and 92.5%, the proportion of morphologically normal embryo was 37.5, 55.5 and 60.0%, and the proportion of embryo developed to expanded blastocyst was 13.3. 36.4 and 37.5%, respectively. The proportion of embryo developed to expanded blastocyst was higher in vitrification than in plunging into liquid nitrogen. 4. When rabbit morula were frozen by vitrification in m-PBS containing 25% glycerol. 25% 1, 2-propanediol, the proportion of embryo developed to expanded blastocyst was 75.0%, the result suggested that rabbit embryos could be frozen by vitrification after equilibration at room temperature.

Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Prevotella nigrescens</i> stimulates osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells and primary osteoblasts

Chung, Y.-H.,Chang, E.-J.,Kim, S.-J.,Kim, H.-H.,Kim, H.-M.,Lee, S.-B.,Ko, J. S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Journal of periodontal research Vol.41 No.4

<P>Background and Objective: </P><P>Lipopolysaccharide is thought to be a major virulence factor of pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and is believed to stimulate bone resorption <I>in vivo</I>. Although <I>Prevotella nigrescens</I> has been implicated in periodontitis, its role in osteoclastogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide from <I>P. nigrescens</I> on the formation of osteoclasts and the production of cytokines related to osteoclast differentiation.</P><P>Material and Methods: </P><P>Mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor &kgr;B ligand (RANKL), with or without lipopolysaccharide. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were also cocultured with calvarial osteoblastic cells in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide. Osteoclast formation was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase cytochemistry. The production of osteoprotegerin (OPG), M-CSF, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&agr;), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-&bgr;) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</P><P>Results: </P><P><I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide inhibited osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL. However, in the coculture system, <I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide stimulated osteoclastogenesis. Notably, <I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide decreased OPG production but increased TGF-&bgr; secretion. In addition, treatment with <I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide increased PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production during the late stage of the culture period. There was no difference in M-CSF and TNF-&agr; production.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>These results demonstrate that <I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide stimulates osteoclastogenesis in the coculture system by decreasing the production of OPG and increasing the production of TGF-&bgr; and PGE<SUB>2</SUB>. Through the mechanisms involving these factors, <I>P. nigrescens</I> lipopolysaccharide may cause alveolar bone resorption in periodontal diseases.</P>

Machining of the KSTAR TF coil structure

K. H. Hong,C. H. Choi,D. H. Park,D. K. Hur,H. Sin,H. K. Park,H. T. Kim,J. H. Won,J. H. Lim,J. M. Chung,박주식,J. W. Sa,J. Y. Song,N. G. Kim,S. H. Hwang,Y. D. Chu,Y. G. Song 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III

The KSTAR Toroidal Field (TF) magnet system consists of 16 TF structures. Each structure must be machined for precise assembly and reducing error field. Dimensions of the structure are a height of 4.5 m and a width of 3.2 m. The allowable tolerance of the structure is ±1 2 mm, and that of the bolt hole for Poloidal Field (PF) coil basement is ±0.5 mm. The final machining of the structure is also important for assembly of the interface structures such as toroidal ring, PF coil structures, and Central Solenoid (CS) structure. Before coil encasing, the inside surface of the structure is machined. Most of the outer surface of the structure, except for the surface of the intercoil structure (ICS), is machined after final welding. In particular, the side surface of an inboard leg, the connection plate of the ICS, the toroidal ring basement, the PF structure basements, shear key holes, and conical bolt holes are precisely machined. Fabrication and assembly tolerances are absorbed by the thickness of the electrical insulation, the spacer of the shear key, and the taper ring of the conical bolt. Six TF coil structures have been assembled and two structures are waiting for assembly. Another three structures are under final machining. A laser tracker is used for three dimensional survey and measurement of the structure.

유전알고리즘을 이용한 H<SUB>∞</SUB>전력 계통 안정화 장치의 최적 설계

한길만(G. M. Han),이정필(J. P. Lee),정현화(H. H. Chung),정형환(H. H. Chung) 대한전기학회 1999 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.7

Reoxygenation following hypoxia activates DNA-damage checkpoint signaling pathways that suppress cell-cycle progression in cultured human lymphocytes

Kim, B.M.,Choi, J.Y.,Kim, Y.J.,Woo, H.D.,Chung, H.W. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 FEBS letters Vol.581 No.16

Cellular responses to DNA damage after hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) were examined in human lymphocytes. Cultured lymphocytes exposed to H/R showed a lower cytokinesis block proliferation index and a higher frequency of micronuclei in comparison to control cells. Western blots showed that H/R exposure induced p53 expression; however, p21 and Bax expression did not increase, indicating that H/R did not affect p53 transactivational activity. Phosphorylation of p53 (Ser15), Chk1 (Ser345), and Chk2 (Thr68) was also observed, suggesting that H/R activates p53 through checkpoint signals. In addition, H/R exposure caused the phosphorylation and negative regulation of Cdc2 and Cdc25C, proteins that are involved in cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. The S-phase checkpoint, regulated by the ATM-p95/NBS1-SMC1 pathway, was also triggered in H/R-exposed lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that H/R exposure triggers checkpoint signaling and induces cell-cycle arrest in cultured human lymphocytes.