문헌설화 속 첩(妾) 소재 설화 연구-『기문총화』를 중심으로 -

이향애 한국여성문학학회 2014 여성문학연구 Vol.32 No.-

In this thesis, we are to look into the relationship between a man and his concubine through a tale about a concubine out of the literature tales and to find out about the meaning of the tale. They commonly say the reason that a man keeps a concubine is because of biological desire. Because a concubine is the object of relationship had by personal volition of a man, and because the status of women who become concubines is mostly low it is not very difficult to have relationship with them. However, in the tales when a man has a concubine biological desire is not at the center of a man’s keeping a concubine. Commonly ‘a concubine’ remind us of a woman who usually causes conflict between a man’s wife and his concubine and is jealous of and slander the man’s wife. However, in the tales, the occasions where conflict between a man’s wife and his concubine appeared directly are very rare. A concubine appears in the relationship with a man. A concubine supplements a man’s deficiency to open the road to success for him. The common point that appears in these concubines is that they observe the Confucian norms. It is similar to the behavior of a man’s wife, but in that a concubine cannot bear offsprings who can succeed to a man’s family she has a limit that she cannot have value same as that of a man’s wife. A concubine is an existence that supplements a man’s deficiency and, at the same time, is an object of management and control to maintain the system of a man’s family. Moreover, although a concubine cannot have the value same as that of a man’ wife, a concubine’s behavior to observe the Confucian norms is the aspect that makes aristocratic men manage their concubines easily. 본고는 문헌설화에서 첩을 소재로 한 설화를 통해 남성과 첩의 관계를 살피고 이 설화가 갖는 의미를 알아보고자 한다. 처가 중매를 통해 정식으로 관계를 맺은 대상이라면 첩은 다양한 경로를 통해 관계를 맺는다. 설화 속 남성과 첩의 결연 과정은 애정에 의한 결연과 상황에 의한 결연 두 부분으로 나눌 수 있다. 두 결연 과정에서 보편적으로 나타나는 구조는 ‘만남-이별-만남 이다. 설화 속에서 첩은 집안을 어지럽히거나 처와의 갈등을 야기하는 부정적인 이미지가 아니다. 남성 자신이 극복하기 어려운 결핍을 타개하고 성공할 수 있는 기반을 만들어 주거나 남성이 필요한 부분을 적극적으로 채워주는 인물로 등장한다. 첩은 양반 남성 개인이 해결하기 어려운 문제를 극복할 수 있게 도와주는 일종의 환상적인 장치이다. 남성들은 자신의 욕구에 맞춰 다양하게 첩의 모습을 그리고 있다. 설화 속 첩의 이미지는 긍정적인 측면이 강하다. 따라서 양반 남성이 첩을 두는 것은 부정적인 측면보다는 긍정적인 측면을 강조하여 첩을 두는 것을 합리화하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 첩을 소재로 한 설화에는 드러나지 않고 은폐된 남성들의 욕망이 자리하고 있다.

Subfractionated Dextran의 流動學的 性質에 關한 硏究 : 점성도 측정을 中心으로

金南姬,西成勝好,李香愛 성신여자대학교기초과학연구소 1987 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

Some rheological properties of subfractions for Dextran in the molecular weight range of 3×10⁴∼?? was investigated at room temperature. The dependence of the viscosity for concentration, shear rate, pH & ionic strength, temperature and solvent effect was observed. From the experimental data the Mark-Houwink viscosity equation in water at 25℃ was determined for samples having the molecular weight ranging from 3×10⁴∼?? as [η]=??(in dl/g). The intrinsic stiffness of the Dextran backbone was estimated by evaluating the "characteristic ratio"??, which is below the 0.082. The transition from dilute to concentrated solutions behavior occurs at a critical concentration c*=0.4/[η], ηsp varies as ?? for dilute solutions and as ?? for concentrate solutions. In the concentrated region, the viscosity of the Dextran was decreased with increasing shear rate and was exponentially decreased with raising temperature, the viscosity showed the maximum value at neutral state. From the experimental data, it was concluded that Dextran chain linked by the α-1, 6-glucosidic linkage, behaves like a flexible random coil chain in aqueous solution, Dextran solutions are pseudoplastic power law fluids among the empirical models of non-Newtonian behavior. Urea is an active reagent which increases the viscosity and swells of dextran while Pyridine & Glycerol are inactive reagents. Also, it could be estimated that the formation of gel structure is promote to the neutral state, and the molecular weight larger than ??, when electrolytic concentration is 1N and urea is use to solvent.

한국 여자 의사 120년과 Professionalism

이향애,박형우,김신권,김향,정인주,황규리 대한의사협회 의료정책연구소 2020 대한의사협회 의료정책연구소 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

General Pharmacology of Artesunate, a Commonly used Antimalarial Drug: Effects on Central Nervous, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory System

이향애,김기석,김은주 한국독성학회 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.3

Artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, is used primarily as a treatment for malaria. Its effects on the central nervous system, general behavior, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and other organ systems were studied using mice, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Artesunate was administered orally to mice at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and to rats and guinea pigs at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. In dogs, test drugs were administered orally in gelatin capsules at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg. Artesunate induced insignificant changes in general pharmacological studies, including general behavior, motor coordination, body temperature, analgesia, convulsion modulation, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in dogs in vivo; respiration in guinea pigs; and gut motility or direct effects on isolated guinea pig ileum, contractile responses, and renal function. On the other hand, artesunate decreased the HR and coronary flow rate (CFR) in the rat in vitro; however, the extent of the changes was small and they were not confirmed in in vivo studies in the dog. Artesunate increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in a dose-related manner. Artesunate induced dose-related decreases in the volume of gastric secretions and the total acidity of gastric contents, and induced increases in pH at a dose of 400 mg/kg. However, all of these changes were observed at doses much greater than clinical therapeutic doses (2.4 mg/kg in humans, when used as an anti-malarial). Thus, it can be concluded that artesunate is safe at clinical therapeutic doses.

Development of Human Cardiac Organoids for Drug Screening

이향애 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.1

도토리 전분의 호화 및 노화에 미치는 Sucrose의 영향

이향애 성신여자대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

The mechanical and thermal properties of solutions of acorn starch were investigated, to determined the effect of sucrose on the gelatinization and retrogradation process. The creep compliance of acorn starch with and without sucrose were decreased with increasing sucrose concentration in the short term. After 7 days storage, the creep compliance of acorn starch gel with sucrose were shown higher than acorn starch gel. The temperatures of DSC curve of 15% acorn starch solution contains sucrose shifted slightly to higher temperatures with increasing sucrose content. The enthalpy change associated with the gelatinization was increased with increasing sucrose content, the endothermic peak obliged to gelatinization. Sucrose appeared to act as an plasticizer by forming hydrogen bonds and retarding gelatinization in the short term. Regelatinization enthalpy of acorn starch/sucrose/water system was decreased with increasing sucrose content and increased with storage time. In addition, sucrose increased the characteristic temperatures such as onset temperature, peak temperature and conclusion temperature. Retrogradation ratio decreased with increasing sucrose content, thus sucrose inhibited retrogradation in the long term. Sucrose acts as an antistaling reagents and retarded the retrogradation.

제주 여신 신화에 나타난 경계인의 형상화와 그 의미 : <삼공본풀이>·<세경본풀이>·<칠성본풀이>를 중심으로

이향애 한국고전연구학회 2020 한국고전연구학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2020 No.-

Wide Spectrum of Inhibitory Effects of Sertraline on Cardiac Ion Channels

이향애,김기석,현성애,박성걸,김성준 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5

Sertraline is a commonly used antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) class. In these experiments, we have used the whole cell patch clamp technique to examine the effects of sertraline on the major cardiac ion channels expressed in HEK293 cells and the native voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in rat ventricular myocytes. According to the results, sertraline is a potent blocker of cardiac K+ channels, such as hERG, IKs and IK1. The rank order of inhibitory potency was hERG >IK1>IKs with IC50 values of 0.7, 10.5, and 15.2 μM, respectively. In addition to K+ channels, sertraline also inhibited INa and ICa, and the IC50 values are 6.1 and 2.6 μM, respectively. Modification of these ion channels by sertraline could induce changes of the cardiac action potential duration and QT interval, and might result in cardiac arrhythmia.

Retinoid 투여로 인한 四肢畸形 발생과정에 대한 조직화학적 연구

李鄕愛,金恩英,朴善華,全容赫 고려대학교 의과대학 1993 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Histochemistry of carbohydrate residues and morphohistological changes and/with their correlation during the process of the drug-induced limb dysmorphogenesis, following single intragastric dose of etretinate (100mg/kg, body wt.) in DDY mice on day either 10 or 11 of gestation, were analysed. Deformities were largely stage-depedent as, exposure to etretinate on gestational day (GD) 11 with paddle-shaped buds resulted in meromelic defects in 100%, whereas on GD 10 with semilunar buds, slightly retarded morphogenesis ; the drug distrubed mainly on core mesenchymal condensation-formation of precartilaginous zone, thus it appears that the most susceptible period to the etretinate in the limb development is the stage of mesenchymal condensation and the drug-induced cell death in the core mesenchyme was associated with the zones of programmed or phygiological cell death (PCD) but expanded even to the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the phenomena lasted longer. PAS·PAPS reactivities and lectin binding of glycoconjugates and CHO residues were differently expressed depend on tissue/stage-specific ; PAS·PAPS positive materials and bindings of Con A, RCA, WGA were gradually increased in epithelia and AER with the development proceed and in chondrogenesis, PAS·PAPS reactivity persisted strongly, while Con A, WGA and RCA expression were temporarily rised in initiation of condensation but decreased thereafter ; etretinate increased Con A bindings in epithelia but reduced expressions of other lectins and glycoconjugates especially in chondrogenesis. Although the drug affected the expression of lectin bindings and glycoconjugates, it seems that these results are caused by in consequence of the morphohistological changes. The results suggest that inhibition of chondrogenesis with subsequent malformation has a primary association with the excessive cell death in the regions of PCD but initial role that caused PCD to expand, accelerate and last longer could be consequence of cytotoxicity, inhibited extracellular matrix production, a combination of these effects or some other effect such as change of gene expression which remains a question.

Comparison of electrophysiological effects of calcium channel blockers on cardiac repolarization

이향애,현성애,박성걸,김기석,김성준 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.1

Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been widely used to treat of several cardiovascular diseases. An excessive shortening of action potential duration (APD) due to the reduction of Ca2+ channel current (I Ca) might increase the risk of arrhythmia. In this study we investigated the electrophysiological effects of nicardipine (NIC), isradipine (ISR), and amlodipine (AML) on the cardiac APD in rabbit Purkinje fibers, voltage-gated K+ channel currents (I Kr, I Ks) and voltage-gated Na+ channel current (I Na). The concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ channel currents (I Ca) was examined in rat cardiomyocytes; these CCBs have similar potency on I Ca channel blocking with IC50 (the half-maximum inhibiting concentration) values of 0.142, 0.229, and 0.227 nM on NIC, ISR, and AML, respectively. However, ISR shortened both APD50 and APD90 already at 1 μM whereas NIC and AML shortened APD50 but not APD90 up to 30 μM. According to ion channel studies, NIC and AML concentration-dependently inhibited I Kr and I Ks while ISR had only partial inhibitory effects (<50% at 30 μM). Inhibition of I Na was similarly observed in the three CCBs. Since the I Kr and I Ks mainly contribute to cardiac repolarization, their inhibition by NIC and AML could compensate for the AP shortening effects due to the block of I Ca.