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최관 대한일어일문학회 1999 일어일문학 Vol.11 No.-
本稿は日本近世文學の中で天竺德兵衛を取り扱っている作品群、すなわち『天竺德兵衛聞書往來』、『天竺德兵衛鄕鏡』、『天竺德兵衛故鄕取楫』、『天竺德兵衛韓口新』、『敵討天竺德兵衛』といった「天竺德兵衛物」の考察を通じ、天竺德兵衛という人物がどのような特徵によって文學化されたのか、どのようなイメ-ジで措かれているのか、そしてそれは朝鮮とどのような關聯を持っているのか、などを明ら化にしようとしたものである。 天竺德兵衛物での天竺德兵衛の人物像は、基本的に異國歸りの妖術使いㆍ日本への怨恨に滿ちた朝鮮忠臣の子ㆍキリシタソといった三つの要素で成り立っている。これらの非日本的ななおかつ復讐の化神としての天竺德兵衛とは、近世鎖國社會が生んた想像力の産物であり、壬辰倭亂を强く意識していた日本社會の表現であったのである。
The British Court Response and Perspective of Rape: Aspect of Critical Points
최관 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 국제지역연구원 2009 아태연구 Vol.16 No.1
The aim of this paper is to closely examine the role of a female rape victim as she passes through the criminal justice system and associated agencies therein. This paper deals exclusively with female rape as male rape is still relatively a minority offense and information would not have been easily accessible. We have attempted to systematically follow the female rape victim through the processes that she would encounter within the criminal justice framework and beyond, where relevant, to provide a rape victim's view of criminal justice system, British court. The sectionⅡ explained generalisation, categorisation of rape and the rape victim's perspective of her ordeal as her travels through the criminal justice system both historically and currently of aspects of critical points. Next, sectionⅢ is that contents of the role of court personnel within the criminal justice system in relation to their interplay with alleged rape victims and changes of court's response after 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. Though this research, we could knew about British criminal justice agencies's attitudes, especially British Court, about rape's victims of aspects of critical points. Besides, we have to try to research about both mechanisms of rape's crime and restorative justice's processes about rape's women. The aim of this paper is to closely examine the role of a female rape victim as she passes through the criminal justice system and associated agencies therein. This paper deals exclusively with female rape as male rape is still relatively a minority offense and information would not have been easily accessible. We have attempted to systematically follow the female rape victim through the processes that she would encounter within the criminal justice framework and beyond, where relevant, to provide a rape victim's view of criminal justice system, British court. The sectionⅡ explained generalisation, categorisation of rape and the rape victim's perspective of her ordeal as her travels through the criminal justice system both historically and currently of aspects of critical points. Next, sectionⅢ is that contents of the role of court personnel within the criminal justice system in relation to their interplay with alleged rape victims and changes of court's response after 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. Though this research, we could knew about British criminal justice agencies's attitudes, especially British Court, about rape's victims of aspects of critical points. Besides, we have to try to research about both mechanisms of rape's crime and restorative justice's processes about rape's women.
산업보안기밀 유출원인에 관한 연구 - 내부자거래를 중심으로 -
최관 한국산업보안연구학회 2015 한국산업보안연구 Vol.5 No.1
본 연구는 산업보안기밀 유출범죄를 유발하는 내부자들의 기밀유출원인을 분 석하고 주관적 확률과 효용들이 어떻게 자기통제력에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 문헌적 접근을 실시하였다. 연구결과 산업보안기밀 유출을 유발하는 기업내부자들은 기업에 재직하면서 혹은 기업의 퇴직자로서 재직당시 경험을 통해 습득한 제한된 정보들을 바탕으 로 기대 이익의 주관적 확률과 효용을 계산하고 또한 제한된 정보를 통해 기대 손실의 주관적 확률과 효용을 예측하는 과정을 통해 자기통제력에 영향을 미쳐 결국 산업보안기밀 유출범죄의 실행유무를 결정하게 된다고 결론내릴 수 있다. 하지만 합리적 의사결정의 수정모델 역시 모든 상황에서 가능한 모든 대안을 고려하여 자신의 주관적 기대 효용(자신의 이익과 책임)을 정확히 계산하고 그 계산의 결과에 따라 행동을 한다는 다소 이상적인 가정에서 출발한다는 한계가 있다. 그러므로 기업내부자가 즉각적인 상황에서 갖게 되는 기밀유출의도에 대 한 연구에는 과학자적인 합리성보다는 방편적 인지전략요인, 특히 비교적 오랫 동안 지속성을 갖는 개인의 행동경향성인 태도와 같은 다른 요인들이 함께 고려 하여 산업보안기밀유출범죄를 연구할 필요가 있다. The study is to explore in terms of the source of industry secret leaks with insider trade. particularly, how subjective value and utility have a strong impact to the self-control of the individuals who are working in industry companies. The study highlights an individual who is working in a company or retiree circulates through past experiences and information of a company. The circulated information tend to have a direct influence on self-control for doing industry security leaks by insider trading. However, there is a limitation. for prefer explaining about insider trading, an individual has to control all the situation for subjective expected utility, but it is a very difficult point. As a result, future studies are more likely focus on the other factors which are the behavioral trend of individuals, cognitive strategy than scientific rationality.
최관,박종일 韓國公認會計士會 2009 회계·세무와 감사 연구 Vol.49 No.-
본 연구는 비감사서비스의 제공이 감사인의 감사투입시간에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보았다. 선행연구들은 감사인이 비감사서비스를 제공하면 감사인과 피감사인 사이에 경제적 유착관계가 형성된다고 주장하고 있고(Frankel et al. 2002; Hwang et al. 2005; Coulton et al. 2007), 또한 감사인이 비감사서비스를 제공하면 여기에서 얻은 지식을 감사업무에 활용하게 되는 지식전이 현상이 있다고 주장하였다(Simunic 1984; Antle et al. 2006). 이러한 연구들은 모두 감사시간의 측면에서 보면, 비감사서비스의 제공이 감사시간을 감소시키는 결과를 가져온다. 그 이유는 경제적 유착관계가 형성되어 부실감사를 하게 되면 감사투입시간이 줄어들게 되고, 지식전이 현상으로 감사의 효율성이 증가하면 감사시간이 절감되기 때문이다. 그러나 실증분석결과에 의하면 선행연구의 기대와 다르게 비감사서비스의 제공시 감사투입시간이 오히려 유의하게 더 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 감사시간의 일반적인 결정요인 외에 감사보수까지 통제한 후에도 동일하게 나타났다. 이는 비감사서비스의 제공이 경제적 유착관계의 증가나 지식전이 현상으로 연계되지 않음을 의미한다. 그리고 비감사서비스를 제공받는 피감사기업은 감사인에게는 총보수가 상대적으로 큰 중요한 기업이므로, 고객관리 차원에서 많은 감사시간이 투입되고 보다 높은 품질의 감사서비스가 제공됨을 나타낸다. 본 연구결과는 정책적인 의미도 담고 있다. 원래 비감사서비스의 규제는 감사인의 독립성을 높이고 감사품질을 향상시킬 취지에서 실행되었다. 그러나 본 연구결과에 따르면 동일 감사인이 감사서비스 외에 비감사서비스를 동시에 제공할 경우에 감사투입시간이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 다른 조건이 일정하다면 비감사서비스의 제공시에 감사인의 노력이 더 투입됨을 의미한다. 그러므로 현행 비감사서비스의 규제 효과에 대하여 그 장단점을 좀더 깊이 있고 체계적으로 재검토 될 필요가 있다. In recent years, there has been a heated debate over whether auditors should be allowed to any non-audit services (“NAS”) to their audit clients. The regulatory and other proponents of auditor-provided NAS argue that performing both audit and non-audit services for the same client increases audit effectiveness and audit efficiency because it promotes a more comprehensive understanding of the client. However, opponents of auditor-provided NAS, many of whom advocate a complete ban on such services, argue that acting in a dual capacity as auditor and consultant/adviser compromises auditor independence and objectivity. This paper investigates whether the provision of NAS affects auditor's hours spent on audit service. Prior studies suggest that auditor independence is compromised when the client pays high non-audit fees to the same auditor. These studies directed at the extent of audit-client economic bonds and any resulting threat to auditor independence have concentrated on the provision of NAS to audit clients (Frankel et al. 2002). However, a number of studies show Frankel et al.'s results are sensitive to the method used to estimate discretionary accruals, the specific research design, and the sample selection process (Ashbaugh et al. 2003; Chung and Kallapur 2003; Larcker and Richardson 2004 etc). These papers all fail to consistent evidence that NAS is associated with lower audit or accounting quality. Also, previous research indicates that the provision of NAS improves audit effectiveness since auditors are able to transfer knowledge from a non-audit service to an audit task(Simunic 1984; Palmrose 1986; O'Keefe et al. 1994). The premises of the previous studies imply that the provision of NAS would decrease the audit hours because auditors would not devote efforts and time fully when their independence is impaired and because auditors can save audit hours when the provision of NAS has knowledge spillover effect on audit services. The results of this study, on the contrary to the expectation, show that the provision of NAS increases audit time spent on audit services. The positive relation between audit hours and NAS fees is more manifested when the auditors are Big 4 auditors, the NAS is not related to tax services, and prior to 2003 when the provision of NAS is restricted. The findings imply that the provision of NAS does not impair auditor's independence and also does not save audit time. Auditors would devote more efforts and hours on the audit service for the clients who pay high fees because the client are more important for them. When tests are confined to observations where audit hours are positive, we find evidence of a positive associated between audit hours and the provision of NAS. A variety of sensitivity analyses does not change our basic conclusion. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, although there are many studies that examine the provision of NAS by the auditor (Simunic 1984; Palmrose 1986; O'Keefe et al. 1994; Frankel et al. 2002; Ashbaugh et al. 2003; Antle et al. 2006; Hwang et al. 2005; Coulton et al. 2007 etc), these studies have all focused on whether auditor' independence is compromised by the economic bond created from the provision of NAS. In extended prior evidences on the extent to which auditor-client economic bonding (and especially the provision of NAS) is associated with evidence of higher quality auditing, we recognize varied the conclusions of research appear to be. Second, this study extends the literature on the transfer of knowledge between the audit hours and knowledge transfer in auditing. In the studies literature, some prior studies use archival data to obtain evidence on knowledge spillovers. This research has policy implication. The regulatory body has restricted the provision of NAS since 2003 to improve the auditors' independence and audit quality. However, if the auditor's time and efforts are increased when the NAS is provided, the effects of the restriction on audit quality should be carefully reexamined. Therefore, the results of this paper may provide useful information to academic researchers and regulatory bodies that evaluate the reliability of external audit by using non-audit fees and audit hours information. In this respect, this study has important policy implications.
출소자의 취업경험인식에 대한 현상학적 연구 : 낙인, 차별, 편견, 인권을 중심으로
최관 아시아교정포럼 2015 교정담론 Vol.9 No.2
이 연구는 범죄로 인한 국가의 형벌처분을 모두 이행하고 다시 사회로 복귀한 출소자들이 사회, 특히 직장생활에서 받게 되는 인식을 살펴보기 위함이다. 이를 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구방법에 기초하였고, 출소자라는 특수한 신분을 고려하여 법무보호복지공단과 민간단체의 도움을 받아 최종 5명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 자료수집은 연구 참여자들의 ‘생애’, ‘주제와 관련된 경험’, ‘그 해당 경험에 대한 의미’로 구성하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 출소자들은 어색한 사회와 절박한 현실에서 취업으로 등 떠밀림을 경험하고 있었다. 둘째, 취업 중에 있으면서도 불구하고 여전히 자신의 불안한 삶으로 힘들어하고 있었으며, 전과자라는 사실이 밝혀지는 것에 대해서 극도의 불안감을 느끼고 있었고 다시 범죄를 저지르는 것에 대해서도 여전히 양가감정을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 무관심한 직장동료에 대해서 자신의 전과자 경력과 관련이 있다고 간주하고 과도하게 의식하고 경계하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 취업후도 여전히 자신의 전과자 경력이 밝혀지는 것에 대해서 염려하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 연구 참여자들은 출소자라는 신분은 결코 유쾌한 신분은 아니며 국가유공자도 아닌데 출소자라고 정부에서 특별한 혜택을 받는 것에 대해서 불편하다고 하면서도 특히, 전자발찌(Electronic Tagging)에 대해서는 민감하게 반응하였다. 여섯째, 연구 참여자들 중 일부는 나중에 언제라도 다시 교정시설로 갈 수 있다는 생각에 자기 자신에 대해서 두려워하고 있었으며, 나쁜 행위의 주인공이 될 수 있다는 것을 항상 자신에게 주지시킨다고 하였다. The present study is to explore perceptions and prejudices on released prisoners in work place which they finish some responsibility by crime sentence of court. The study bases on the phenomenological methodology. Korean Rehabilitation Agency and social service group support to find five research participants for this study. A data collection focuses on the ‘life’, ‘experience relating to prejudice’, and ‘meaning of the experience’. Present study highlights three key findings. First, released prisoner had been forced to find some jobs by the pressures of economic situation and awkward community. Second, even they have some jobs for joining good citizens in community, the fact that they were criminals made them to have an anxious state of mind. Sometimes, the feeling support that they are involved in illegal behaves such as crime. Third, released prisoners tend to be on strick watch indifferent colleagues. Because the indifferences of them are from the previous offending careers. Forth, the study highlights that released prisoners still hesitate that their histories share with others, even they are involved in full-time jobs. Fifth, a criminal status is not good social standing and a government does not need to provides some special supports for surviving in society. However, a government need to abolish an electronic tagging for successful living of released prisoners in community. Finally, some of released prisoners tend to consider that they are afraid of the idea which they can repeat an offense.