Growth and Yield Response of Transgenic Rice Plants Expressing Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Gene from Bacillus subtilis

정정성,정선용,백경환,김한용,구자옥,국용인 한국작물학회 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.4

Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), the last shared enzyme of the porphyrin pathway in the expressed cytoplasm or the plastids, were compared with non-trangenic rice plants in their growth characteristics such as tiller number, plant height, biomass, and yield. Transgenic rice plants of T₃ generation had 8 to 15 % and 25 to 43% increases in tiller number compared to non-transgenic rice plants at 4 and 8 weeks after transplanting(WAT); similar values were observed for T₄ generation at 4 and 8 WAT. However, the plant height in both T₃ and T₄ generations was similar between transgenic rice plants and non-transgenic rice plants at 4 and 8 WAT. Transgenic rice plants had 13 to 32% increase in above-ground biomass and 9 to 28% increase in grain yield compared to non-transgenic rice plants, demonstrating that biomass and yield correlate with each other. The increased grain yield of the transgenic rice plants was closely associated with the increased panicle number per plant. The percent of filled grain, thousand grains and spikelet number per panicle were similar between transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants. Generally, the growth and yield of transgenic generations (T₂, T₃, and T₄) and gene expressing sites (cytoplasm-expressed and plastid-targeted transgenic rice plants) were similar, although they slightly varied with generations as well as with gene expressing sites. The transgenic rice plants had promotive effects, indicating that regulation of the porphyrin pathway by expression of B. subtilis Protox in rice influences plant growth and yield.

Dienes의 수학 학습 원리의 이해와 적용

정정성,박종률,임재훈 全南大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 2001 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.25 No.1

The aim of this study is to examine Dienes’' Theory of Mathematics-Learning, to look into what teaching-learning phenomena will appear while middle school students are told to study the concept of place value, multiplication forrnulae and factorizations using the concretes developed by Dienes’ theories. For this study multibase arithmetic blocks with the bases 2, 3, 5 and algebra tiles and learning papers were made according to Dienes ’learning principles for the first-year students in researcher’s school. And the whole learning processes were recorded on video tapes and analyzed. The following conclusions could be reached with the results. First, the perceptional variety rather than mathematical variety should be considered if two kinds of varieties are considered. Second, if the ways of expression about the understanding of structure are used as suitable examples, we can easily whether the structures are understood or not. Third, to make the constructive learning possible we need to have a lot of structures and many processes of chances and time to practice. If learners study with regard to these points, they can find and construct the structure of mathematics though they may have some trials and errors.

Rice CaM-binding transcription factor (OsCBT) mediates defense signaling via transcriptional reprogramming

정정성,구성철,진병준,백동원,염선인,전현진,최만수,조현민,이수현,Jung Wook-Hun,최철우,Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran,심상인,정종일,정기홍,김민철 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.3

The mutant allele of rice calmodulin-binding transcription activator OsCBT, oscbt-1, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance against rice pathogens. Previously, we reported that the strong resistance of the oscbt-1 mutant to pathogens was conferred by a constitutive upregulation of defense-related genes even under pathogen-free conditions. We also found strong induction of the hypersensitive response as a reaction to pathogen invasion. The results suggest that OsCBT acts as a negative regulator of basal resistance to pathogen attack. To identify the transcriptional network regulated by OsCBT, we compared global gene expression profiles between wild-type (WT) and oscbt-1 rice plants grown under pathogen-free conditions. The results of a 3′ tiling microarray revealed that in oscbt-1 plants, 81 genes are upregulated and 200 genes are downregulated when compared with the WT. A gene ontology analysis showed that differentially regulated genes in oscbt-1 were very closely associated with “death” GO term in a biological process category, and “catalytic activity” and “binding” GO terms in a molecular function category. A MapMan analysis indicated that the functions of these genes were associated with plant responses to biotic stress. Moreover, the results from quantitative real-time PCR in the oscbt-1 mutant showed a significant effect on the gene expression patterns of the fungal pathogen response. Our results suggested that the OsCBT regulates a rice defense response by modulating the expressions of various defense-related genes.

‘홍로’ 사과 과피 및 과육의 단백질체 비교 분석

정정성(Jung-Sung Chung),최성환(Sung Hwan Choi),김재호(Jae Ho Kim),심수용(Soo Yong Shim),모크 아드난(Moch R. Adnan),장은실(Eun-Sil Chang),손영걸(Young-Geol Sohn),김윤희(Yun-Hee Kim),김진국(Jin Gook Kim),이증주(Jeung Joo Lee) 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.2

국내 육종 사과 품종인 ‘홍로’의 과피와 과육에서 발현되는 단백질체를 추출하여 이차원 전기영동으로 분리하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 단백질들은 과피와 과육에서 유사한 정도로 발현되었으나, 30개의 단백질 spot들은 과피 또는 과육에서의 발현 정도가 2배 이상 차이가 났다. 이들 중 25개는 과피에서, 5개는 과육에서 더 높게 발현되었다. 이들 단백질들을 MALDI-TOF/TOF로 분석한 결과, 과피에서 더 높게 발현된 단백질 spot들 중 18개는 각각의 기능을 갖는 단백질로 동정 되었고, 나머지 7개는 기능이 밝혀지지 않은 것으로 동정되었거나 미동정 되었다. 과육에서 더 높게 발현된 단백질 spot들의 경우 2개는 각각의 기능을 갖는 단백질로 동정 되었고, 나머지 3개는 미동정 되었다. 과피에서 더 높게 발현된 단백질은 에틸렌의 생합성과 관련된 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homolog(spot 21번), 이차대사산물의 생합성과 관련된 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1(spot 148), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1-like(spot 316) 및 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase-like(spot 348), 광합성과 관련된 oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplastic(spot 210) 및 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit(spot 273), 생체방어 및 스트레스 반응과 관련된 (+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase-like(spot 216 및 219), formate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial(spot 305), glutathione S-transferase-like(spot 483 및 484) 및 acidic endochitinase SE 2-like, partial(spot 391 및 392), 항산화효소인 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2(spot 221), 알레르기 관련 단백질인 MLP-like protein 34(spot 406), major allergen Mal d 1(spot 451 및 452) 및 major allergen Mal d 1.06A01(spot 457)이었다. 한편 과육에서 더 높게 발현된 단백질은 protein folding과 관련된 chaperonin 60 subunit alpha 1, chloroplastic(spot 8) 및 탄수화물 대사와 관련된 NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(spot 380)이었다. 이상의 연구 결과들은 사과의 육종, 저장, 품질, 환경에 대한 내성 등과 관련된 광범위한 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. The proteome expressed in the peel and flesh of ‘Hongro’, a domestic breeding apple cultivar, was extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Most of the proteins were expressed at similar levels in the peel and flesh, but 30 protein spots showed a difference of more than two times higher in expression level in the peel and flesh. Of these, 25 were higher in the peel and 5 were higher in the flesh. By analyzing these proteins with MALDI-TOF/TOF, 18 of the protein spots that were higher in the peel were identified as proteins with their respective functions, and the remaining 7 were identified as having unknown function or were unidentified. In the case of the protein spots expressed higher in the flesh, two were identified as proteins having respective functions, and the other three were unidentified. Proteins more highly expressed in the peel were 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homolog (spot 21) related to the biosynthesis of ethylene; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (spot 148), cytosolic 1, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1-like (spot 316) and 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase-like (spot 348) related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplastic (spot 210), and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (spot 273) related to the photosynthesis;(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase-like (spot 216 and 219), formate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (spot 305), glutathione S-transferase-like (spot 483 and 484), and acidic endochitinase SE 2-like, partial (spot 391 and 392) related to the biological defense and stress response; and antioxidant enzyme L-ascorbate peroxidase 2 (spot 221), MLP-like protein 34 (spot 406), major allergen Mal d 1 (spot 451 and 452), and major allergen Mal d 1.06A01 (spot 457) related to allergies. On the other hand, proteins that were more highly expressed in the flesh were chaperonin 60 subunit alpha 1, chloroplastic (spot 8) related to protein folding, and NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (spot 380) related to carbohydrate metabolism. These results will be useful in a wide range of studies related to apple breeding, storage, quality, and environmental tolerance.

학술연구(學術硏究) 발표요지(發表要旨) : Bacillus subtilis Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase 유전자 전이 형질전환 벼의 Oxyfluorfen에 대한 생리적 반응

정정성 ( J. S. Chung ),이희재 ( H. J. Lee ),한성욱 ( S. U. Han ),한옥수 ( O. Han ),백경환 ( K. Back ),이성범 ( S. B. Lee ),구자옥 ( J. O. Guh ) 한국잡초학회 1999 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.19 No.2

반유한 직립형 동부의 하우스 파종기 이동에 따른 농업적 형질의 변화

김동관,손동모,이경동,임요섭,정정성 한국작물학회 2014 Korean journal of crop science Vol.59 No.4

본 연구는 하우스에서 반유한 직립형 동부 계통의 파종기 이동이 생태반응과 생육 및 수량성에 미치는 영향을 구명하 고자 전남 나주(위도 35° 04'N, 경도 126° 54'E)에서 2012 년과 2013년에 수행하였다. 시험계통으로 전남1호와 전남2 호를 이용하여 3월 중순부터 8월 중순까지 1개월 간격으로 6회 파종하였다. 1. 출현일수는 3월 중순 파종에서 12일로 길었고, 기타 파종기에서는 4~3일 이었다. 2. 개화일수는 3월 중순부터 7월 중순까지는 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 짧아지다 8월 중순 파종에서 길어졌다. 즉, 3월 중순 파종에서 75일 내외로 가장 길었고, 7월 중순 파종에서 30일로 가장 짧았다. 3. 개화시에서 수확기까지의 소요일수는 3월 중순부터 5 월 중순 파종에서 28~24일로 짧았으나, 이후 파종에서 는 38~35일로 긴 편이었다. 4. 경장과 화경장은 4월 중순과 8월 중순 파종에서 긴 편 이었고, 주경절수는 6월 중순 파종, 분지수는 3월 중순 파종에서 많았다. 5. 3월 중순 파종에서는 주당 꼬투리수가 많고 립중이 무 거워, 전남1호와 전남2호의 10a당 수량이 각각 340, 367kg로 가장 많았으며, 이후 파종이 지연됨에 따라 대체로 수량이 감소하는 경향이었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sowing time on ecological responses, growth, and yields of cowpeas grown in plastic greenhouses in a southern region of South Korea. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (Latitude 35° 04' N, Longitude 126° 54' E) during 2012 and 2013. The intermediate-erect type strains used in this study were Jeonnam1 and Jeonnam2. Sowing was performed between mid-March and mid-August at intervals of one month. The days from sowing to emergence was significantly higher for the mid-March sowing (12 days) but no significant differences were observed among the other sowing dates (3 to 4 days). The days from sowing to first flowering were shorter for sowing dates between mid-March and mid-July because sowing time was delayed and then were lengthened again at mid-August sowing; the days were longest at mid-March sowing (around 75 days) and were shortest at mid-July sowing (30 days). The days from first flowering to harvesting were short for the sowing dates between mid-March and mid-May (24 to 28 days) but were relatively long for subsequent sowing dates (35 to 38 days). Stem and peduncle lengths were relatively long for the mid-April and mid-August sowing dates. Main-stem node number was highest for the mid-June sowing. Branch number per plant was highest for the mid-March sowing. The mid-March sowing displayed the highest number of pods per plant as well as the heaviest seed weight. Yield per 10 ares was highest for the mid-March sown Jeonnam1 and the Jeonnam2 strains (340 and 367 kg respectively), and then tended to decrease due to subsequent delays in sowing.

농업용 무인헬기를 이용한 콩 재배지에서의 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura) 방제

성덕경,김영광,진영민,노일래,심상인,김석현,김철수,정정성 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.3

작물재배에 있어서 관행 스프레이 처리에 의한 병해충방제는 노동집약적, 농약중독 그리고 작업 기피성 등으로 문제가 되어 왔다. 이러한 작업 개선을 위하여 수도작 방제용으로 도입된 농업용 무인헬기의 활용도가 낮아 경제성 확보를 위해 방제 대상 작물의 다양화와 더불어 다양한 농작업에 그 활용성을 확대할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 무인헬기의 활용성에 대한 다양화를 위하여 무인헬기를 이용한 콩재배포장에서의 해충방제 연구를 통하여 해충방제용으로 농업용 무인헬기의 활용가능성에 대한 효과를 검증하고자 수행하였다. 담배거세미나방의 방제를 위하여 에토펜프록스를 두 시기에 걸쳐 고농도저약량(8배 희석)으로 농업용 무인헬기로 방제하였고, 관행방제는 경운기 부착용 동력분무기로 약제를 1,000배로 희석하여 처리하였다. 그 결과 농업용 무인헬기방제는 관행방제와 같은 방제효과를 보였고 고농도 저약량처리의 무인헬기방제에서도 약해의 증상은 나타나지 않았으며 방제비용을 37% 절감하고 노동시간도 90%를 줄일 수 있었다. The pest control using conventional spraying system has been a labor intensive, pesticide poisoning and shirking task in crop cultivation. The agricultural unmanned helicopter was usually used at the object of the pest control for rice cultivation. For economic efficiency, the availability of the agricultural unmanned helicopter is necessary to expand the utilization and the diversification of targeted crop. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate for developing usages of the agricultural unmanned helicopter. The pest control effects of tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) were compared with control (non sprayer) using the power sprayer and the agricultural unmanned helicopter in soybean fields. The insecticide, Ethofenprox was treated ultra low volume (ULV, 8 times dilution) using the agricultural unmanned helicopter and was treated 1000 times diluted solution using the power sprayer. The results suggested that control value was similar between the agricultural unmanned helicopter application and the conventional practices. Also, phytotoxicity was not observed in both, and the cost and working time reduced 37% and 90%, respectively by the agricultural unmanned helicopter application.

수수 포장출현력 예측을 위한 종자세 적합도 검사

김석현,이명희,강경희,박민우,심상인,정정성,나영왕 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 실험실에서 인위노화처리로 종자활력을 조절한 후 실시한 몇 가지 종자세 검정치와 포장출현력과의 관계를 설정하여 수수의 포장출현력 예측에 가장 적합한 종자세 검사방법을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 수수 종자의 종자세가 높은 상태에서는 표준발아검사에서의 유아장이 포장출현력 예측에 효과적이며, 노화된 종자에서는 저온발아검사(CGT)에서의 정상묘율이 포장출현율과 높은 상 관관계를 가지고 있었다(r = −0.998, p < 0.01). 포장출현력 예측에 효과적인 몇가지 종자세지수를 이용하여 stepwise multiple regression 분석을 실시한 결과 표준발아검사에서의 종자세 지수(vigor, SGT)가 95%의 높은 포장출현력 예측효과를 나타내었으며, 표준발아검사에서의 정상묘율(% normal seedling), 테트라졸리움의 종자세(vigor, TZ), 저온검사(cold test)에서의 정상묘율과 저온발아검사(CGT)에서의 정상묘율과 같은 변수를 회귀방정식에 추가함에 따라 포장출현율 예측효율을 증가시킬 수 있었다. 표준발아검사와 저온발아검사는 노화정도가 다른 수수 종자의 종자세 검사방법으로 적합하다고 사료된다. In this study, several attempts were made to develop prediction method based on regression analysis for field emergence of sorghum using various seed vigor tests in laboratory. Sorghum seeds artificially aged to provide various levels of seed quality were evaluated by the standard germination test (SGT), cool germination test (CGT), cold germination test (CT), tetrazolium vigor test, electroconductivity test and complex stressing vigor test (CSVT). The most suitable criterion for identifying the degree of seed vigor was plumule length in the seeds shown higher seed vigor in the SGT. The field emergence rate and % normal seedling were highly correlated with performance in the aged condition (lowered seed vigor) of the CGT (r = −0.998, p < 0.01). In a multiple correlation analysis, seed vigor in the SGT accounted for 95% of the variation in seedling emergence in sorghum. Also, % normal seedling in SGT, TZ vigor test, % normal seedling in cold test (CT) and cool germination test (CGT) were useful for predicting field emergence in sorghum. The standard and cool germination tests therefore appear to be suitable for evaluating a wide range of seed vigor of sorghum seeds in field and could be used as a rapid vigor test.

남부지방 평야지 벼 조기재배 적품종 선발

성덕경,김영광,조용조,신현열,김민철,심상인,정종일,김석현,김철수,정정성 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.6

벼의 수량과 품질은 등숙기의 고온에 의해 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 남부지방에서 벼 조기재배로 인한 고온 등숙에 벼의 수량과 미질이 적합한 벼 품종 선정을 위하여 수행하였다. 조생종 14품종을 파종 후 20일인 4월 20일에 이앙하여 수확 후 수량과 도정된 쌀의 품질을 조사하였다. 쌀 수량은 단위 면적 당 영화수가 가장 많았던 운광이 가장 많았고 주남조생, 조광, 황금보라, 만나, 운미, 밀양238 및 조아미 순이었다. 완전미 수량은 밀양247이 가장 높았고, 조광, 만나, 산들진미 순이었다. 단백질 함량은 6.0∼6.9% 범위를 나타내었고, 밀양247, 산들진미, 조아미, 만나, 보석 및 조광 품종이 취반미윤기치가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 남부지방 평야지 벼 조기재배시 산들진미, 조광, 만나 그리고 밀양247이 적합한 품종으로 판단된다. Rice yield and quality was affected by high temperature condition in the ripening stage. This study was carried out to select the proper rice varieties to early transplanting cultivation under high temperature condition during the ripening period in southern plain area of Korea. It has investigated to the yield components and milled rice quality of fourteen early-maturing rice cultivars which were transplanted 20 days (April 20th) after seeding. The rice yields of Ungwang, Junamjoseang, Jogwang, Hoangguembora, Manna, Unmi, Miryang238 and Joami were higher than that of the other varieties. The highest head rice yield was Miryang247, followed by Jogwang, Manna and Sandueljinmi. The protein content of 14 rice varieties ranged from 6.0–6.9%. The Toyo value of milled rice had appeared that Miryang247, Sandueljinmi, Joami, Manna, Boseok and Jogwang were higher level than the others. The results indicated that Sandueljinmi, Jogwang, Manna and Miryang247 were proper varieties for early transplanting cultivation in southern plain area of Korea.

Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)에 의해 변이된 애기장대 종자 집단으로부터 염 내성 돌연변이체 선발 및 특성 분석

정문수,정정성,김철수,Chung, Moon-Soo,Chung, Jung-Seong,Kim, Cheol-Soo 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

We conducted a seed germination screening under saline conditions to identify salt tolerance(sto) mutants with ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS) mutagenesis seed pool. During the screening, we identified three mutant lines that seemed to confer elevated salt tolerance in high concentrations of NaCl. At 175 mM NaCl, germination rate of sto42-14 mutant(one of the EMS salt tolerance mutants) was 7-fold higher than that of wild-type plants. Interestingly, sto42-14 mutant exhibited insensitivity to high glucose concentration and growth inhibition to gibberellin. Our results suggest that sto42-14 is involved in salt stress tolerance as well as in glucose and gibberellin response in Arabidopsis. 염 내성 돌연변이체를 선발하기 위하여, ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)로 처리된 돌연변이 종자 집단을 사용하였다. 150 mM NaCl 고염 스트레스 하에서 종자 발아 내성을 보이는 세 종류의 EMS 돌연변이체를 선발하였다. 세 종류의 EMS 돌연변이체들 중, salt tolerance 42-14(sto42-14) 돌연변이체는 175 mM NaCl 고농도에서 종자 발아율이 대조구(WT)에 비해 7배 이상의 높은 발아율을 보였다. 또한 내염성 sto42-14 돌연변이체는 glucose(Glc)에 대해서도 비감수성을 갖고 있음을 관찰되었고, 흥미롭게도 sto42-14돌연변이체에 $20{\mu}M$ gibberellin(GA)을 처리한 결과, 대조구에 비해 하배축과 뿌리의 생장이 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 고염 내성 sto42-14 돌연변이체는 Glc 뿐만 아니라 GA호르몬 반응에도 관련되어져 있음을 알 수 있다.