Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality in Transgenic Rice Overexpressing 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase

국용인 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.3

제2부 제초제 및 잡초방제 분야 : Oxyfluorfen 에 내성 및 감수성 벼품종의 잎표면 , 해부 및 미세구조반응

국용인,구자옥,한성욱,권오도 ( Y . I . Kuk,J . O . Guh,S . U . Han,O . D . Kwon ) 한국잡초학회 1995 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.15 No.2

Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Growth and Inhibition of Various Plant Species

국용인,GyeongSeobLim,SangUkChon,TayEakKwang,JaKckGuh 한국작물학회 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.2

Effective Herbicides for Control of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Monochoria vaginalis in Paddy Field

국용인,권오도 한국작물학회 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.4

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most troublesome resistant weeds in Korean rice culture. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of M. vaginalis resistant to sulfonylurea(SU) herbicides and to determine alternative herbicides for the control of resistant M. vaginalis in direct seeded and transplanted rice culture in Korea. In greenhouse studies, the resistant biotype was 31-, 38-, 3172-, and 7-fold more resistant to ben-sulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype, indicating cross-resistance to the SU herbicides used in this study. Non-SU herbicides, butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, mefenacet, pretilachlor, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb, several SU herbicide-based mixtures, ethoxysulfuron plus fentrazamide, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus pyrazolate plus simetryn, and non-SU herbicide-based mixtures, pyrazolate plus butachlor, pyrazolate plus pretilachlor, simetryn plus molinate, carfentrazone-ethyl plus butachlor, and carfentrazone-ethyl plus thiobencarb can be used to control both the resistant and susceptible biotypes of M. vaginalis when applied before the second leaf stage. In the field experiment, the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis that survived from the paddy fields treated with a SU herbicide-based mixture could effectively be controlled by using mixtures of bentazone plus MCPA, bentazone plus mecoprop-P, and bentazone plus 2,4-D when applied at 2 or 4 main leaves. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant M. vaginalis had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, bentazone plus MCPA and bentazone plus mecoprop-P were effective control measures after failure to control resistant M. vaginalis in Korean rice culture.

Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - II. 잎 표면(表面), 해부(解剖) 및 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應)

국용인,구자옥,변종영,Kuk, Y.I.,Guh, J.O.,Pyon, J.Y. 한국잡초학회 1996 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.16 No.1

Oxyfluorfen 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 감수성(感受性)인 피에 대하여 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 표면구조(表面構造) 및 해부(解剖) 특성(特性)과 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應)을 관찰하였으며, 유이제초제(類似除草劑)에 대한 해부학적(解剖學的) 변화를 비교 관찰하였다. 1. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 면적(表面)의 구조적(構造的)인 피해를 볼 수 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)은 납질(蠟質)의 손상이 크고, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 조직이 불규칙하게 붕괴되는 현상까지도 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소도 컸다. 2. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 해부학적(解剖學的)인 변화가 적었으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 표피세포(表皮細包), 엽육세포(葉肉細包) 및 유관속초세포의 파괴가 컸으며 특히, 처리 후 24시간의 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 조직이 완전히 붕괴되었다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 의해 chloroplast 모양의 불규칙성과 chloroplast envelope의 distortion이 전반적으로 관찰되었고, 전분(澱粉)도 감소되는 경향이었으며 이와 같은 구조적(構造的) 손상은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다는 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 더 심했다. 4. Oxyfluorfen과 유사한 제초제(除草劑) 처리에 의하여서도 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소는 oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon 순으로 크게 나타났으며, 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 더 커지는 경향이었다. 특히 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)은 oxyfluorfen과 bifenox 처리 후 24시간에 이미 표피세포(表皮細包) 및 유관속초세포 손실 등으로 조직이 상하게 붕괴되는 현상을 보였다. This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of $10^{-5}M$ oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.

Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - IV. 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素) 활성(活性)

국용인,구자옥,Kuk, Y.I.,Guh, J.O. 한국잡초학회 1996 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.16 No.3

Oxyfluorfen에 내성(耐性) 벼 3품종(品種)과 감수성(感受性) 벼 4품종(品種) 및 피를 공시하여 $10^{-6}M$ 농도로 처리하여 24시간 암배양(暗培養)하고 광(光)에 0, 2, 4, 6시간 노출 후에 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 활성 차이와 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 isozyme 변화를 조사하였다. 1 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種) 자체의 APOX, CAL, POX, NR, GR, MDAR 및 SOD의 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素) 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 다른 벼품종(品種)들보다 활성(活性)이 아주 낮았다. 그리고 lipoxygenase는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 활성(活性)이 다소 높은 경향이었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)인 MDAR, POX, GR 및 SOD는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피보다 활성(活性)이 높았다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 POX 동위효소(同位酵素)변화는 처리농도가 증가할수록 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들에서 C band 활성(活性)이 증가하였으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 활성(活性)증가가 없었다. 감수성(感受性) 피에서는 B band가 $10^{-4}M$ 처리에서 활성(活性)이 다소 감소하였다. 4. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 GR, SOD 및 AO 동위효소(同位酵素)는 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들간에 각 band 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, GR 동위효소(同位酵素)는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 감수성(感受性)인 피에서 C band가 소실되었다. 5. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 esterase 동위효소(同位酵素)의 변화는 B, C 및 D band에서 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 활성(活性)감소가 컸으며, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 A band가 소실되었다. Ten-day-old seedlings of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed were soaked in oxyfluorfen at $10^{-6}M$ for 2 hrs kept for 24 hrs in the dark, and exposed to light for 0, 2, 4, or 6 hrs to investigate changes in the activity and isozyme of antioxidative enzymes. The activities of antioxidative enzymes of APOX, CAL, POX, NR, GR, MDAR and SOD in the tolerant and susceptible rice cultivate themselves didn't show any difference but the activity in the susceptible barnyardgrass was very low in comparison with rice cultivars. The activity of lipoxygenase tended to be some slightly higher in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. The activities of MDAR, POX, GR and SOD, antioxidative enzymes, were higher in the tolerant rice cultivars than in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass after the treatment of oxyfluorfen. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen, in the change of POX isozyme, the activity of C band in the tolerant rice cultivars increased with increased concentration but it didn't in the susceptible rice cultivar. The activity of B band decreased slightly at $10^{-4}M$ in the susceptible barnyardgrass. Isozyme of GR, SOD and AO by the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the activity of each band between the tolerant and susceptible rice cultivars showed no difference but GR isozyme C band was disappeared in the susceptible barnyardgrass at $10^{-4}M$. In the change of esterase isozyme resulting from the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the activities of B, C and D bands decreased more in the susceptible rice cultivars than in tolerant rice cultivars, and A band was disappeared in the susceptible barnyardgrass at $10^{-4}M$.

식물추출물에 대한 점박이응애와 포식성 천적 칠레이리응애의 감수성

국용인,현규환,김상수 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The susceptibility of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis to extracts of Melia azedarach, Piper nigrum, Syringa velutina and their mixtures was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Treatments of mixture 1 and 2 were effective against adult females of T. urticae and yielded 73.3 and 70.7% adulticidal activity at 7 days after treatment, respectively. Treatment of mixture 3 revealed 62.7% adulticidal activity. However, M. azedarach, P. nigrum and S. velutina had lower adulticidal activity than the other treatments. Adult females of T. urticae treated with mixture 1 and 2 produced only 11.1-16.7% as many eggs as control females did. All the plant extracts tested were ineffective to against the eggs of T. urticae. Plant extracts tested had little effect on the survival of P. persimilis adult females. Moreover, reproduction of P. persimilis adult females and eclosion of eggs deposited by treated predators were not seriously affected. Treatment of plant extracts tested showed no toxic effect on P. persimilis eggs and produced 100% hatchability. These results suggest that mixture 1 and 2 might be used for the control of T. urticae, and expected to be promising candidates for use in integrated mite management program with P. persimilis.

전남지역 수도작 지대 잔존잡초의 Sulfonylurea계 제초제에 대한 저항성 반응

국용인(Yong In Kuk),이도진(Do Jin Lee),권오도(Oh Do Kwon) 韓國雜草學會 2002 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.2

Differential Growth and Herbicide Tolerance in Awned and Awnless Red Rice Accessions

국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.3

형질전환 고구마에 대한 Glufosinate-ammonium 저항성 간이진단법

국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 유전자총기법에 의해 생산된 형질전환 고구마를 사용하여 glufosinate-ammonium에 대한 저항성 유무를 빠르고, 경제적이며, 신뢰할 수 있는 간이분석법을 찾고자 수행되었다. 저항성 진단법은 whole-plant 진단법, one leaf 진단법 및 leaf disk 진단법을 사용하였고, 이들 진단법에 의해 glufosinateammonium을 처리하고 잎의 피해율과 암모늄 축적량을 조사하였다. Leaf disk 진단법에서 glufosinateammonium 처리 후 형질전환 라인 7171의 잎에 대한 약해는 wild type에 비해 1.9배 낮았다. One leaf 진단법과 whole plant 진단법의 경우 glufosinateammonium 처리 후 7171의 잎에 대한 약해는 wild type에 비해 각각 59배와 92배 적었다. Leaf disk, one leaf와 whole plant 진단법에서 0.5-5mM glufosinateammonium 처리 후 암모늄 축적은 wild type이 7171에 비해 각각 2-20, 4-43 및 6-115배 더 많이 축적되었다. 이들 3가지 방법 모두 형질전환 고구마에 대한 glufosinate-ammonium 저항성 유무를 판단하는데 가능한 방법이나 one leaf 진단법이 가장 간편하면서 빠른 진단방법이었다. 그러나 이 방법은 엽령별 내성차이가 존재할 수 있어 고구마 엽이 10개 전개되었을 때 1, 3, 5, 7, 9엽을 각각 채취하여 3mM glufosinateammonium을 처리시 잎의 피해율과 암모늄 축적을 엽령별로 조사한 결과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 분석에 소요되는 기간, 시료량, 정확성 등을 고려할 때 형질전환 고구마의 저항성을 판별하는데 one leaf 진단법이 가장 적합한 것으로 판명 되었다. Transgenic herbicide-resistant sweet potato plants [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] produced through a biolistic transformation were used in this study. The objective of this research was to find out a rapid and reliable assay method for confirming glufosinate-ammonium resistance. The techniques tested include whole-plant bioassay, one leaf bioassay, and leaf disk bioassay. Parameters investigated in this study were leaf injury and ammonium accumulation at 1 and 5 days after treatment of glufosinate-ammonium. In the leaf disk bioassay, leaf injury of the transgenic line 7171 was 1.9-fold less affected by glufosinate-ammonium than the wild type. The leaf injury of 7171 in one leaf and whole-plant bioassays was 59- and 92-fold less affected by glufosinate-ammonium, respectively, compared with that of the wild type. Leaf disk, one leaf, and whole-plant bioassays showed that ammonium accumulation of the 7171 was 2 to 20-, 4 to 43-, and 6 to 115-fold less affected by 0.5-5 mM glufosinate-ammonium than that of the wild type. All three bioassays successfully distinguished the resistance from the transgenic lines, but one leaf bioassay is the simplest and quickest. Leaf injury and ammonium accumulation were the same in leaves 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 of 3 mM glufosinate-ammonium treated plants or nontreated plants. The one leaf bioassay was chosen as the standard procedure for future confirmation of resistance in transgenic sweet potato because it is a rapid and reliable assay.