염색조건에 따른 양파껍질의 염색효과에 관한 연구

정나영,이전숙,최경은 한국가정과학회 2000 한국가정과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the best dyeing conditions using onion's outer shell, and to apply to the method in practical daily life. To do this, we extracted quercetin from onion's outer shell and dyed several natural fabrics such as cotton, slack mercerized cotton, ramie, and silk, under the different conditions. Dyed fabrics were investigated in the aspect of dyeability and colorfastness. The effective conditions for the light-fastness and washing-fastness also have been studied. The results of the experiment were varied with such conditions as temperature, time, pH degree, and treatment and types of mordants. The results are as follows : 1. Fabrics dyed with onion's outer shell showed excellent dyeability even though there were no mordants, and the silk fabric dyed better than both cotton and ramie fabric. Furthermore, in the cases of repeated dyeing and treatment of mordants using AIK(SO_4)_2·12H_2O and CuSO_4,·5H_2O dyeability of specimen had been improved 2. Cellulose fabrics such as cotton, mercerized cotton and ramie showed the best dyeability under relatively low temperature in the range of 20∼40℃. On the contrary to cellulose fabric, silk fabric showed the best dyeability under higher dyeing temperature. All fabrics had the higest K/S value at pH 3 regardless of the kind of fiber. 3. Dyeing colors varied with the kind of mordants. Colors were turned into yellow in AIK(SO_4)_2·12H_2O into yellow-red in CuSO_4·5H_2O, and into green-yellow in FeSO_4·7H_2O. As mordants, AlK(SO_4)_2·12H_2O, CuSO_4·5H_2O, FeSO_4 ·7H_2O, gallic acid and tartaric acid were used and especially A1K(S0_4)_2·12H_20 showed the best dyeability and colorfastness in repeated dyeing. Mordants such as A1K(SO_4)_2·12H_2O made fabrics have better chroma and washing-fastness though the light-fastness was poorer than non mordanting. 4. Repeated dyeing brought us deep color. When fresh dyebath was used each time, the dyeability was increased as the experiment was repeated more. When dyed with used dyebath several times, improved dyeability could not be expected. The optimal using times of the used dyebath was twice.

興遼國 건국과 高麗‧契丹‧女眞 관계의 변화

정나영 한국중세사학회 2020 한국중세사연구 Vol.0 No.60

This article is to examine the rise of the Xing-Liao dynasty based in the Eastern Capital(東京) of Khitan and its influence on the changes of Goryeo, Khitan and Jurchens’ relations. To this day, research has mainly focused on the dynasty of Xing-Liao in the perspective of how the subdued Balhae(㴾海 Pohai) people was treated under the Khitan rule or one of the series of revolts by Balhae people who had political aspirations. This paper, however, concentrates on the importance of the Xing-Liao dynasty’s establishment in the context of East Asia, and its significance on the three parties’ relations. The Xing-Liao dynasty was established in the Eastern Capital led by Da Yanlin(大延琳). This is where Goryeo and Khitan consulted their diplomatic issues, Jurchens exchanged their commodities, and a large number of Balhae descendants resided in the Eastern Capital -a diplomatically, commercially and politically important in this period. As people’s grievances toward Khitan’s rule increased here, Da Yanlin established the Xing-Liao dynasty and Jurchens also participated in it. In November 1029, Khitan organized the troops and sent them to the Eastern Capital to suppress the rebellion. Through the records on epitaph, it is also found that soldiers at the neighboring prefectures and predominantly Chinese troops were joined to the suppression. Da Yanlin was finally caught in August 1030 but it was in November that Khitan government took measures of relocating Balhae people who participated in the rebellion. In addition, the records stating that Balhae and Khitan people fled to Goryeo even after then. From these records, it is supposed that the circumstance of the Eastern Capital was insecure due to the uprising and its subsequent measures. After the Xing-Liao dynasty was established, both the Xing-Liao dynasty and Khitan sent envoys to Goryeo seeking military support. In an early stage Goryeo sent troops to the eastern region of Amnok River(鴨綠江) in order to reclaim the territory from Khitan, which considered anti-Khitan action, but Goryeo’s attempt was failed. Also, as confirming that Khitan sent the troops to suppress the Xing-Liao dynasty in a large scale, Goryeo determined to monitor the situation. After the Xing-Liao dynasty was conquered, Goryeo sent an envoy to Khitan and attempted to normalize the diplomatic relations. On the other hand, Goryeo attempted to contact the Song dynasty under the insecurity and Khitan’s weakened control over the Eastern Capital. The relationship among Jurchens, Goryeo and Khitan also showed changes in new aspects during this period. Jurchens had regularly traded with other tribes in the Eastern Capital circuit and with Khitan in a spring moving court. As Jurchens lost opportunities for exchanging commodities due to the insecurity of the region, they sent a large amount of weapons to Goryeo at that time. In addition, Tieli(鐵利) requested Goryeo to bestow the calendar and it sent envoys or traded with Goryeo every year until 1033. Jurchens’ also attributed their more active contact with Goryeo to the rise of the Xing-Liao dynasty and the unsteady hold of the Khitan over the Jurchens. Therefore, it is assumed that the establishment of the Xing-Liao dynasty triggered the changes of Goryeo, Khitan and Jurchens’ relations. This research is significant in that these series of events illustrate the dynamics of the multistate system in the 11th century East Asia.

고려의 對契丹 使行과 불교 교류

정나영 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소 2022 梨花史學硏究 Vol.- No.65

After Goryeo and Khitan established the official relations from the late 10th century, the two maintained diplomatic relations through various communication channels including traveling envoys. In particular, the exchange of envoys has been paid attention due to the increase of the type and the frequency of embassies. Regarding the significance of envoys in the Goryeo-Khitan relations, this paper examines the dispatch of Goryeo envoys to Khitan, and the exchange of Buddhism in their travels. First, it was found that Goryeo sent 5 or 6 kinds of emissaries to Khitan every year and the types of embassies were categorized as regular and special envoys. Goryeo envoy’s travel to Khitan showed one distinctive feature in that the destination of their journey varied depending the location on the nabo(捺鉢) of the Khitan court. Following the nomadic life of the Khitan people, nabo, the seasonal moving court, was conducted by the emperor of Khitan. Thus, the destination of Goryeo embassies was not fixed in one capital city, but changed along the route of the emperor. Second, this research analyzed how envoys collected information on the Khitan Buddhism and the works of Khitan’s Buddhist monks. Based on the reports of Song envoys, it was assumed that Goryeo emissaries visited the Jinguksa Temple (Zhenguo Si) and Cheongyeongsa Temple (Tianqing Si) when they headed or passed through the Central Capital. In the Southern Capital, it was probable that they visited the Minchungsa Temple (Minzhong Si) and Gaetaesa Temple (Kaitai Si). During the travel, envoys collected information on the new texts presented by the Khitan’s Buddhist monks who were invited to the moving court. In addition, Uicheon and Buddhist monks from Gaochang staying in Khitan were able to exchange products and letters through Goryeo envoys. It was supposed that they shared certain interests in Buddhism based on the Buddhist texts of Khitan monks collected by Uicheon and excavated in Uighur.

공황장애의 암묵 및 외현기억 편향

정나영,채정호,이경욱,Jung, Na-Young,Chae, Jeong-Ho,Lee, Kyoung-Uk 대한불안의학회 2012 대한불안의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Patients with panic disoder (PD) show recollection of their first panic attack, which resembles a trauma that is perceived as an unexpected frightening and subjectively life-threatening event. Information-processing models suggest that anxiety disorders may be characterized by a memory bias for threat-related information. This paper reviews the previous researches that investigated the implicit and/or explicit biases in patients with panic disorder. Among the 17 studies, which addressed the explicit memory bias in PD patients, 11 (64.7%) were found to be explicit memory bias in PD patients. In regards to the implicit memory bias, 4 out of 9 studies (44.4%) were found to support the memory bias. The result shows that evidence of explicit memory bias in PD patients was supported by a number of previous researches. However, evidence of implicit memory bias seems less robust, thus, needs further research for replication. Also, development of new paradigms and applications of various methods will be needed in further researches on memory bias in PD patients.

TV 뉴스 영한 트랜스크리에이션 전략 : 첨가와 삭제를 중심으로

정나영 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2017 통번역학연구 Vol.21 No.4

Although image plays an integral part of TV news translation, TV image has long been left unexplored in TV news translation studies. In this regard, this study seeks to find image-related translation strategies in TV news. The key finding is that the addition of verbal signs about the camera’s distance of the image is adopted to comply with the redundancy norms of reporting in the Korean media. The addition of the verbal signs about the context before and after the image that is selected in the target text and the deletion of the verbal signs that appear the same on the image are also adopted in order to comply with the length of the report in the Korean media. Furthermore, the addition of the verbal signs about the background information of the image is also adopted as one of key translation strategies to encourage prompt understanding of target viewers.

초등 수리 논술 교수-학습 자료 개발 연구 -초등학교 3학년을 중심으로-

정나영,신항균 한국초등수학교육학회 2011 한국초등수학교육학회지 Vol.15 No.1

논술에서 요구되는 능력, 즉 논술 능력은 기본적으로 이해력, 논리적이고 창의적인 사고력, 표현력과 같은 고등사고능력이다. 그러나 이러한 논술 능력은 단기간에 신장되지 않는다. 더욱이 수학은 계열성이 강한 학문으로 이러한 능력의 신장을 위해서는 초등학교 저학년 때부터 차근차근 단계에 맞게 준비해야하는 것은 어찌 보면 당연한 일이다. 그러나 현재 초등 수리 논술에 대한 용어의 정의가 없어 사교육 시장을 중심으로 무분별하게 초등 수리 논술이라는 용어가 사용되고 있다. 초등학교는 1학년부터 6학년까지 다양한 발달단계의 학생들이 모여 있는 곳이다. 초등 논술이 입시논술과 그 성격과 지도방향이 다르듯 초등 수리 논술 또한 그 성격과 지도방향이 달라야 한다. 논술 능력은 단기간에 완성되는 것이 아니므로 어릴 때부터 꾸준한 연습이 필요하며, 더욱 중요한 것은 흥미를 잃지 않도록 하는 것이다. 따라서 초등 수리 논술의 올바른 개념을 정립하고, 성격과 지도방향을 설정하여 후속연구를 활발히 해야 할 필요성이 있다. Modern society is the age of the information. As new information is springing up every day and pace of change becomes faster, the importance of communication skills is growing. The recent mathematics education is recognized as not a fragmentary mathematical knowledge or results of the learning, but a procedure of mathematical thinking, and the effective expression skill of their mathematical ideas and the ability to forward it to others are regarded very serious. As the method of mathematics evaluation, mathematical essay is introduced to replace the existing multiple-choice written test. This method assess the ability which students have, that express the reorganized knowledge and information according to given situation by themselves. Ultimately, it is expected to help that students get the higher order thinking skills such as logical thinking and creativity. However, definition of elementary mathematical essay is unclear, and proper teaching methods is lacking for each stage of elementary school students. Thus, in this paper, I have defined the concept of elementary mathematical essay and made a foundation of elementary mathematical essay research, then researched about the effective utilization of elementary mathematical essay using school education. Also elementary mathematical essay teaching-learning materials is developed and applied to analyzed the students' responses. Using this program, in real elementary school education, the implications has deduced.

Brain Injuries in Term Infants with Respiratory Distress Immediately after Birth

정나영,이주영,이가희,남수경,전용훈 대한주산의학회 2022 Perinatology Vol.33 No.1

Objective: We aimed to identify the prevalence of brain injuries and its associated factors in term infants with respiratory distress. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 98 infants born after 36 weeks’ gestation, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a chief complaint of respiratory distress between January 2015 and December 2019. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, baseline demographics, and clinical characteristics were compared between infants with and without brain injuries. Results: The proportion of infants having brain injuries among term infants with respiratory distress was 46.9% (46/98). The 1-minute Apgar scores (median [interquartile range]) were significantly lower (8 [5.0-9.0] vs. 9 [7.5-9.0], P=0.033) and maternal placental abruption was more frequent (6 [13.0%] vs. 1 [1.9%], P=0.049) in infants with brain injuries. Respiratory rates were lower (67 [48-78]/min vs. 78 [60-90]/min, P=0.009) and metabolic acidosis was more severe (pH: 7.21 [7.13-7.26] vs. 7.24 [7.20-7.30], P=0.027; base excess: -4.2 [-13.1 to -1.8] mEq/L vs. -2.7 [-5.5 to -1.2] mEq/L, P=0.072) in infants with brain injuries compared with infants without brain injuries. Conclusion: Brain injury occurred in about half of the infants with unexpected respiratory distress immediately after birth. More severe metabolic acidosis, which was not compensated for by tachypnea, was associated with brain injuries in term infants. Preemptive evaluation is necessary to identify brain injuries in infants with respiratory distress.

유방의 유두상 종양 진단에 있어서 초음파 유도 14-게이지 중심부바늘생검의 유용성

정나영,이재희,이아원,송병주,정상설 한국유방암학회 2008 Journal of breast cancer Vol.11 No.1

Purpose: We wanted to determine the underestimation rate of ultrasound (US)-guided 14-gauge core needle biopsy for papillary neoplasms that were treated with subsequent surgical excision or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) and we also wanted to evaluate the sonographic findings of papillary neoplasms. Methods: A retrospective review of the US-guided core needle biopsies of 984 consecutive lesions from Jan 2004 to Apr 2006 revealed 29(3%) papillary neoplasms. Twenty five lesions were further excised by surgery(n=16) or VAB(n=9). The remaining 4 lesions were not further excised and they were excluded from this study. We evaluated the concordance between results of core needle biopsy and the final pathologic results. We reevaluate the sonographic findings of the papillary neoplasms included in our study. Results: The pathologic results of core needle biopsy were benign in 21 and atypical in four. Of the 21 benign papillomas, none were revealed as carcinoma after further excision. Just one lesion showed focal atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) after VAB. Three intraductal papillomas with ADH underwent surgical excision(n=3) or VAB(n=1), and they were proved to be the same pathologic entities with(n=1) or without(n=3) lobular neoplasia. The sonographic findings were as follows: four intraductal masses, four intracystic masses, four solid masses with peripheral anechoic rims, five extraductal masses adjacent to dilated ducts, six pure solid masses, and two mixed masses. Conclusion: US-guide 14-gauge core needle biopsy for papillary neoplasm showed no underestimation after surgical excision or VAB in our study, and the procedure proved to be reliable for the assessment of papillary neoplasm if the imaging and pathologic findings were concordant. Papillary neoplasms showed variable sonographic findings.

『三國遺事』 영어번역본의 문제점 분석 - 紀異 篇을 중심으로-

정나영 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2017 한국문화연구 Vol.33 No.-

Samguk Yusa, also known as Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, has been acclaimed as one of the significant historical records by Korean ancient history researchers and this scholarly attention has been reflected in its numerous translations in various languages that were complete comparatively earlier than other ancient historical sources. However, the English versions of Samguk Yusa, considered the most utilized materials among others, revealed problems and brought up the need to translate the original text in a more scholarly manner, after their publication. In this respect, this paper analyzed two complete translations of Samguk Yusa, mainly on “Gii-pyeon” to identify their value as historical records and translation challenges pertaining to accuracy. First, the afore-said two translations of Samguk Yusa did not fully mention details of the bottom books, i.e. printed book and woodblock-printed book and their failure to communicate with the original text led to mistranslation. Futhermore these translations failed to fully show the characteristics of historical records, including organic relations among sections. In some other cases, words, such as title, personal name and public office name, and sentences were not accurately translated in the two translations. In terms of Romanization, some failed to follow the principles or to maintain coherence under these principles. Also, the translated proper nouns (e.g. weights and measures) had a problem since coherent orthography did not exist or all figures were calculated by western units without grounds. Reference translation did not consider the nature of historical records. In order to create a sophisticated English version of Samguk Yusa to be utilized in a scholarly manner, it is recommendable to thoroughly review its original text and various related research, and to participate in projects together with various experts with a scholarly and language background, not individuals. 한국고대사 연구에서 중요사료로 평가받는 『삼국유사(三國遺事)』는 다양한 분야에서의 학문적 관심을 반영하듯 다른 고대사 사료와 비교하여 이른 시기에 여러 외국어로 번역되었다. 다양한 언어의 번역본 가운데 영어번역본은 그 활용도가 가장 높은 자료라 할 수 있으나 출판 직후부터 번역본의 문제와 학술적인 번역의 필요성이 제기되어왔다. 이에 본고에서는 완역된 영어번역본 2종을 「기이(紀異)」편(篇)을 중심으로 사서로서의 가치 및 정확성 전달과 관련된 번역상의 문제점을 분석하였다. 먼저 번역본들은 저본이 되는 『삼국유사』 판본과 인본에 대한 구체적 언급이 없었고 교감이 제대로 이루어지지 않아 내용을 오역하고 조목 간 유기적 관계가 있는 사료의 특성을 잘 나타내지 못하였다. 또한 칭호나 인명, 관직명 등의 단어와 본문 내 문장이 원문을 정확하게 옮기지 못한 사례가 있었다. 이 밖에도 로마자 표기법의 원칙에 어긋나거나 일관성 없는 표기가 있었고 장소나 도량형과 같은 고유용어의 번역에서도 통일된 표기가 없거나 일정한 근거 없이 서양의 단위로 환산하여 정확성에 문제가 있었다. 인용문헌명의 번역에 있어서도 사료의 성격을 고려한 번역이 이뤄지지 못했다. 향후 학술적으로 활용할 수 있는 수준 높은 영어번역본 작업을 위해서는 『삼국유사』 원문과 여러 분야에서의 연구 성과를 철저히 검토하고 개인 보다는 다양한 학문적, 언어적 배경을 가진 전문가들이 함께 참여하는 것이 바람직하다.

Novel animal models of GARS-associated neuropathy by overexpression of mutant GARS using an adenoviral vector

정나영,송인옥,엄형석,정준양,허영범 한국통합생물학회 2015 Animal cells and systems Vol.19 No.6

Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS)-associated neuropathy caused by a mutation in GARS is a hereditary axonal neuropathy involving motor functional impairment. In this review, we describe a novel GARS-associated mouse neuropathy model produced using an adenovirus vector system containing a neuron-specific promoter. These adenovirus vector-mediated animal models are based on GARS mutations and have been generated by viral delivery of GARS proteins to the long peripheral axons of mice. Using the highly efficient adenoviral vector system, the overexpression of mutated GARS proteins in animals is sufficient to induce the same phenotypes seen in patients, such as neuropathic pain and motor function impairment. Adenoviral vector-mediated animal models have been used to demonstrate the cellular distribution patterns of GARS mutants and their induced molecular changes. In addition, the GARS-associated neuropathy model has demonstrated that neuroinflammation mediated by microglial activation is a disease phenotype-causing factor. Thus, these adenoviral vector-mediated animal models provide valuable insights into GARS-associated axonopathy and may contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches.