인위적 진화의 세계

이재원(Lee, Jae-Won) 동남어문학회 2012 동남어문논집 Vol.1 No.33

This writing is an attempt to examine the logic behind artificial evolution in the early writing of Lee Kwang-su. According to his account, human civilization is the result of artificial evolution. By defining human personality as abilities of artificial evolution, he tried to change the way of basic understanding human being. He presented in the existence which comes true the essence of the human being which is such the civilized person. At logic of his artificial evolution, the problem of civilization was converted with creation of individual all who have the desire toward civilization. He looked at the situation and position of korean society from the viewpoint of world history and admitted the differential temporality which is dividing between korean society and western civilization. The Lee’s ideas of artificial evolution serves as alternative way to jump over the differential temporality. In the early writing, the methods of the artificial evolution are reform of education system, reading literature and revolution. Through this method, Lee tried to prepare ‘Civilized people’ and ‘shared commitment to social values’ that are practical foundation of artificial evolution.

Ti-15V-3Al합금의 시효거동과 열처리에 따른 고온 기계적 특성

이재원,이백희,이규환,김영도,Lee Jae Won,Lee Back-Hee,Lee Kyu Hwan,Kim Young Do 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Titanium alloys are the one of promising candidate materials for medium high temperature parts in the aircraft, automobile, petrochemistry and electrochemistry because of their high strength with low density in medium high temperature. In this study, the effects of aging and heat treatments on the mechanical properties of Ti-15-3 alloy in medium high temperature, which was $400^{\circ}C$, were studied. Solid solution treatment was performed at $8000^{\circ}C$ of $\beta$ phase region for 1 h and the alloy was quenched in water. The alloy was aged at $5000^{\circ}C$ of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ two-phase region for 1, 2, 4, 8, ... and 100 h to increase the mechanical property. The $\beta$ single phase was observed at all parts of specimens in Ti-15-3 alloy after ST. As the aging at $500^{\circ}C$, fine precipitates of a phase was generated from matrix of $\beta$ phase and the microstructure was consisted of weaving structure such as Widmanstiitten a phase. The most suitable aging time is 24h in$ 400^{\circ}C$. At this time, strength is 1164 MPa and elongation is about 12%. In room temperature, elongation of Ti-15-3 alloy aged at $500^{\circ}C$ for 16 h is poor (=3%) in spite of high tensile strength (1458 MPa).

사상의학초본권(四象醫學草本卷)과 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)에 나타난 이제마(李濟馬)의 사상의학관(四象醫學觀)에 관한 비교고찰(比較考察)

이재원,송일병,Lee, Jae-won,Song, Il-byung 사상체질의학회 1999 사상체질의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: This studied by the comparative method the view of Lee Je-ma's Constitutional Medicine expressed Sasang ChobonGuen and Dongyi Suse Bowon. 2. Method: I studied the view of Lee Je-ma's Constitutional Medicine classified broadly 'General view of life' and 'Constitutional view of life expressed SangChonbonGuen and Dongyi Suse Bowon. 3. Results & Conclusion: Sasang ChobonGuen gathered 'Seongmoung-Ron', 'Sadan-Ron', 'Hwakchoong-Ron', 'Byeonjeong-Ron' and a part of 'Jangbu-Ron' of Dongyi Suse Bowon. It is insufficient the explanation of 'CheonGi', but the fundamental spirit is same. The study of Soyangin is done earlier, the studies of Soeumin, Taeumin, Taeyangin is done later.

Lovastatin을 생산하는 식용버섯 선발과 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 효과

이재원,이수민,곽기섭,이지윤,최인규,Lee Jae-Won,Lee Soo-Min,Gwak Ki-Seob,Lee Ji-Yoon,Choi In-Gyu 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.2

국내에서 식용버섯으로 이용되고 있는 8종 균주의 자실체와 균사체로부터 콜레스테롤 합성을 저해하는 lovastatin 생산과 고지혈증 억제활성을 탐색하였다. TLC 분석으로 lovastatin생산 유무를 검색한 결과 자실체와 균사체의 추출물에 대해 Rf값이 표준물질콰 같은 약 0.46에서 뚜렷한 밴드가 형성됨을 확인하였다. 자실체로부터 lovastatin 추출을 위한 용매로는 water/acetonitrile/methanol (5:2.5:2.5)을 사용하였을 매 가장 효과적인 lovastatin 생산량을 보였다. Lovastatin 생산량은 자실체 중에서는 Pleurotus ostreatus가 0.98 mg/g (dry biomass)으로 가장 높은 생산량을 나타냈고 균사체 배양액 추출물에 대해서도 P. ostreatus가 21.90 mg/L로 높은 생산량을 나타냈다. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase 저해활성에서는 자실체에서 P ostreatus가 67.8%, 균사체에서 P. ostreatus와Laetiporus sulphureus가 각각 37.2%, 29.1%의 저해활성을 보였다. L. sulphureus는 lovastatin 생산량에 비해 높은 저해활성을 나타내서 lovastatin 이외의 다른 고지혈증 억제물질을 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 대사산물로 분비되는 식물성 sterol 물질인 campesterol과 gamma-sitosterol이 검출되었다. This research was performed to determine the production of lovastatin and its HMG-CoA reductase activity produced by fruit bodies and mycelial liquid cultures of domestic edible mushrooms (8 fungal strains). By deter-mining TLC analysis for the confirmation of the presence of lovastatin, all the extracts from fruit bodies and mycelial liquid culture showed same Rf value (0.46), whick was identical to that of the standard lovastatin. In order to extract lovastatin from fruit body, the mixture of water/acetonitrile/methanol was chosen as the most effective solvent. Extracts from fruit body and mycelial liquid culture of pleurotus ostreatus produced the high-est lovastatin 0.98 mg/g based on dry biomass, and 21.90 mg/L, respectively. In the inhibition rate of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the highest was obtained in P. ostreatus as 67.8% among fruit bodies, and the rates of mycelial liquid culture extracts from P. ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus were 37.2% and 29.1%, respectively. Unusually L. sulphureus showed high inhibition rate with low content of lovastatin due to the contribution of campesterol and gamma-sitosterol with hypocholesterolemic activity as metabolites.

좌심방 양심실 연결증 [DOLA]

이재원,서경필,Lee, Jae-Won,Seo, Gyeong-Pil 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1985 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.18 No.2

The case of a patient with abnormal position of the atrial septum resulting in a left atrium with two atrioventricular valves and a disconnected right atrium is presented with review of related articles. Anatomic details showed atrial situs solitus and a left sided cardiac apex. The right atrium received both venae cavae and a coronary sinus. No AV valve was found in the right atrium, and the floor of this chamber was placed above the posterior wall of right ventricular chamber. The atrial septum with secundum ASD was displaced to right anteriorly at its lower portion and inserted to right of tricuspid annulus. The tricuspid and mitral valve configuration was that of so-called partial ECD, i.e. mitral cleft with large anterior mitral leaflets. The ventricular septum was intact and both ventricular chambers were equally well developed with normal relationships. Surgical repair of this anomaly was performed by resecting the abnormally positioned lower part of the atrial septum, repairing the cleft of the anterior mitral leaflet, and septating the atrium for diverting the systemic and pulmonary venous blood to RV and LV, respectively.

흰쥐에서 L-carnitine 투여 후에 혈청 지방산과 Carnitine의 농도 변화

이재원,홍영미,Lee, Jae Won,Hong, Young Mi 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.9

목 적: L-carnitine은 carnitine acyltransferase 효소에 의해 장쇄(long chain)지방산을 세포질에서 미토콘드리아로 이동시킬 때 필요한 효소로 미토콘드리아 내로 이동된 장쇄 지방산은 ${\beta}$-산화를 거쳐 신체의 에너지원으로 사용된다. 비만 치료 방법의 하나로 L-carnitine을 투여하여 간과 근육세포의 산화를 증가시켜 혈청 지방을 감소시키려는 시도가 있으며, 실제로 L-carnitine이 혈청 지방산을 낮추는지를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법: 250 g 내외의 Sprague Dawley 쥐를 두 군으로 나누어 실험하였다. A군은 정상 대조군, B군에서 L-carnitine을 200 mg/kg씩 매일 복강 내로 투여하였다. Hitachi 기기를 이용하여 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고분자량 콜레스테롤, 저분자량 콜레스테롤을 측정하였고, 혈청 C6-C18 지방산은 GC/MS 분석에 의해 1일, 1주, 2주에 측정하였다. Cycling 기법을 이용하여 총 carnitine, 유리 carnitine, 아실 carnitine을 정량 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 고분자량 콜레스테롤, 저분자량 콜레스테롤은 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 중성지방은 1주일째에 A군은 $131.3{\pm}31.3mg/dL$인데 반하여 B군은 $90.0{\pm}7.0mg/dL$로 의미있는 감소를 보였다. 2) 혈청 총 지방산은 A군에 비해 B군에서 1주에만 약간의 감소를 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 1주일째 장쇄 지방산인 리놀레인 산(linoleic acid)이 B군에서 A군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 3) L-carnitine투여 후 carnitine(total, free, acyl) 치는 1일째, 1주일째 및 2주일째에 모두 B군이 A군보다 유의하게 높았으나, 유리 carnitine 만이 투여 누적 용량에 따라서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : L-carnitine 투여 후 1주일째에 혈중 중성 지방의 농도가 감소하였고, 리놀레인 산이 미토콘드리아 내로 이동함으로 혈중 농도의 감소를 보였다. Purpose : Obesity is known to be associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver and is thought to be associated with increased levels of free fatty acids. One of the strategies for decreasing free fatty acid levels is stimulation of hepatic lipid oxidation with L-carnitine. Carnitine is an essential cofactor for transport of long-chain fatty acid into mitochondria for oxidation. This study was designed to evaluate the changes of serum fatty acids and carnitine levels after exogenous injection of L-carnitine. Methods : Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group A was control. Group B was given intraperitoneal injection with L-carnitine(200 mg/kg) daily for two weeks. Serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and fatty acid levels were analyzed on the first day of the first and second weeks after injection of L-carnitine. Total, free, and acyl carnitine levels also were performed by a enzymatic cycling techniques at the same day intervals. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels before and after the administration of L-carnitine. But triglyceride levels were significantly decreased at the first week in group B compared with group A. Among free fatty acids, linoleic acid showed significant decrement(A group : $131.3{\pm}31.3mg/dL$ vs B group : $90.0{\pm}7.0mg/dL$) at the first week. Total, free, and acyl carnitine levels showed significant increments at all days intervals, but only free carnitine showed significant increments according to cumulative doses of carnitine. Conclusion : Plasma linoleic acid, a long-chain fatty acid, showed significant decrement after administration of L-carnitine in the first week. This may suggest that L-carnitine can be used as an antilipidemic agent for obese patients. A prospective study will investigate obese children in the future.

도재주조용 합금에 있어서 알루미륨 첨가에 따른 metal-ceramic과의 결합력 증진에 관한 연구

이재원,민병국,한민수,Lee, Jae-Won,Min, Byong-Kuk,Han, Min-Soo 대한치과기공학회 2002 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the chemically improvement of metal-ceramics bond strength in the course of recasting Ni-Cr metal composite system with 10wt.%, 20wt.% and 30wt.% aluminum respectively. We have tested the bond strength, micro-structure, chemical composition of each metal composites and metal- ceramic bond interfaces by 3-point bending strength tester, SEM and EDS. We have made the conclusions through this study as follow: 1. The most suitable amount of aluminum to the Ni-Cr metal composite recasting is 20wt. % for improving metal-ceramics bond strength with debonding strength value of 49.54 kgf/mm2. 2. The aluminum must be changed to small spread alumina like phases and second aluminum-metal composites phases in the morphology of Ni-Cr metal composite system by adding during it's casting. These second phases have inclined functional oxide phases mixed with metal elements and they must take roll to improvement of metal-ceramics bond strength. 3. In the case of 30wt.% aluminum appended to Ni-Cr metal composite system, an excess of second inclined functional oxide phases produce cracks and spalling of them apart from it's base material. It must be a important factor of reduction of metal-ceramics bond strength.

이종심조직판막기능부전에 대한 외과적 요법

이재원,서경필,Lee, Jae-Won,Seo, Gyeong-Pil 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1986 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.19 No.1

Results of reoperation for tissue valve failure were presented with review of current knowledge. Through January 1986, 19 patients required reoperation: 18 had undergone mitral, 2 aortic, and 1 tricuspid valve. Primary tissue failure was the main cause of tissue valve failure: it occurred in 18 valves [15 mitral, 2 aortic, and 1 tricuspid] at a mean postoperative interval of 54-25 months [range 29-120]. During the same period, 2 patients required reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis, 1 for paravalvular leakage. The types of valves failed were 12 lonescu-Shiley valves, 5 Hancock valves, and 1 Carpentier-Edwards valve. All 6 patients younger than 15 years of age at first operation had been implanted with lonescu-Shiley valves and failed after a mean interval of 35 months. In contrast, 11 patients older than 15 years had been implanted with 5 Hancock, 6 lonescu-Shiley, and 1 Carpentier-Edwards valve initially, and eventually failed after mean intervals of 81, 53, 47 months each other. The kinds of valves used at reoperation were 8 lonescu-Shiley, 4 Bjork-Shiley, and 6 St. Jude Medical valves for primary tissue failure cases and 3 lonescu-Shiley valves for the other 3 cases. Overall mortality at reoperation was 10%: 5.6% for primary tissue failure, 50% for prosthetic valve endocarditis. In 15 cases [all mitral] primary tissue failure were caused by calcification associated with or without leaflet destruction or fibrous ingrowth, and in 2 cases [all aortic] caused by cusp perforation and tearing without any evidence of calcification. In conclusion: 1 primary tissue failure is the main cause of reoperation in patients with tissue valve failure; 2. the majority of the failed valves is in mitral position; 3. leaflet calcification is the leading pathology of primary tissue failure; 4, reoperation for tissue valve failure may be a major concern, although the mortality is low; 5. the limited durability of tissue valve suggests its use be restricted to selected cases.

개심술시 체외순환이 신장기능에 미치는 영향

이재원,서경필,Lee, Jae-Won,Seo, Gyeong-Pil 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1985 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.18 No.4

Renal dysfunction is a common complication of open-heart surgery: a form of controlled hemorrhagic shock, and successful perioperative management of renal dysfunction depends on recognition of the risk factors and optimal management of factors influencing renal function, including cardiopulmonary bypass, and early detection of renal failure. Changes in renal functional parameters including Ccr, Cosm, CH2O, FENa, and RFI were observed prospectively in forty five patients operated on at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, S.N.U.H., from April to June, 1985. They were 23 males and 22 females with 35 acquired and 10 congenital heart diseases and the mean age and body surface area of them were 38.010.3 years [22-63] and 1.5518 M2[1.151.92] respectively. Followings are the conclusion. 1. The Ccr, representative of renal function, is significantly improved from 90.231.3 ml/min/M2 preoperatively to 101.536.4 ml/min/M2 postoperative and day [P<0.05], and all patients were classified as postoperative renal functional class I of Abel, which representing adequate renal protection during our cardiopulmonary bypass. 2. The Cosm is significantly elevated at immediate postperfusion time and remained high at postoperative one day representing osmotic diuresis at that time, but CH2O shows no significant changes at immediate postperfusion period and is decreased significantly at postoperative one day, representing recovery of renal concentrating ability at that time with decreasing urine flow. 3. The absolute value and changing tendency in FENa and RFI during perioperative period shows no diagnostic reliability on these parameters, but those of CH2O appear to reveal future renal function more accurately than Ccr 4. The depth of hypothermia may be protective upon renal function against the ill effects of prolonged nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. 5. The depth of the hypothermia, pump time of more than 150 minutes, poor cardiac function, and intraoperative events such as embolism appear to be related with immediate postperfusion renal function. 6. Hemoglobinuria and hemolysis, poor preoperative renal function, history of cardiac surgery, and massive transfusion associated with bleeding appear not to be related with renal dysfunction.

Polycarbosilane 을 도포한 3방향 탄소 / 탄소 복합재의 산화억제 효과

이재원,오인석,최돈묵,주혁종 ( Jae Won Lee,In Seok Oh,Don Mook Choi,Hyeok Jong Jo ) 한국복합재료학회 1996 Composites research Vol.9 No.3