관세율(關稅率) 조정(調整) 경제적(經濟的) 효과분석(效果分析) : 일반균형적(一般均衡的) 접근(接近)

이원영,Lee, Won-yong 한국개발연구원 1990 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.12 No.1

본고(本稿)에서는 1989년 1월에 시행된 관세율(關稅率) 조정(調整)이 산업별(産業別) 생산(生産), 수출입(輸出入), 물가지수(物價指數), 고용(雇傭) 등에 미치는 영향을 한국경제(韓國經濟)의 다부문(多部門) 일반균형(一般均衡)을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 관세율(關稅率)의 조정(調整)은 대부분의 산업(産業)에서 수입(輸入)과 수출(輸出)을 동시에 증가(增加)시키나 수입(輸入)의 증대가 수출(輸出)의 증대보다 더 커서 국제수지(國際收支)는 악화된다. 또한 관세율(關稅率) 조정(調整)은 명목국민(名目國民) 총생산(總生産)을 증대시키고 물가(物價)를 하락(下落)시킨다. 수입(輸入)의 증가율이 큰 산업(産業)으로는 의복, 혁제품, 나무제품 산업(産業)을 들 수 있으며 수출(輸出)은 대부분의 산업(産業)에서 증가하나 특히 수입(輸入)된 원자재(原資材)를 많이 사용하는 비철금속 1차제품, 혁제품, 석탄제품, 고무제품산업의 수출증가율(輸出增加率)이 높다. 산업별생산(産業別生産)을 보면 혁제품, 비철금속 1차제품, 화학제품, 종이 지제품, 목제품 등 일부 수입경쟁산업(輸入競爭産業)에서는 생산(生産)이 감소(減少)되나 기타의 산업(産業)에서는 생산(生産)이 증가된다. 일반적으로 수출(輸出)의 비중이 높은 산업(産業)에서 생산(生産) 및 고용(雇傭)의 증가율이 높다. A major change in tariff rates was made in January 1989 in Korea. The benchmark tariff rate, which applies to about two thirds of all commodity items, was lowered to 15 percent from 20 percent. In addition, the variation in tariff rates among different types of commodities was reduced. This paper examines the economic impact of the tariff reform using a multisectoral general equilibrium model of the Korean economy which was introduced by Lee and Chang(1988), and by Lee(1988). More specifically, this paper attempts to find the changes in imports, exports, domestic production, consumption, prices, and employment in 31 different sectors of the economy induced by the reform in tariff rates. The policy simulations are made according to three different methods. First, tariff changes in industries are calculated strictly according to the change in legal tariff rates, which tend to over-estimate the size of the tariff reduction given the tariff-drawback system and tariff exemption applied to various import items. Second, tariff changes in industries are obtained by dividing the estimated tariff revenues of each industry by the estimated imports for that industry, which are often called actual tariff rates. According to the first method, the import-weighted average tariff rate is lowered from 15.2% to 10.2%, while the second method changes the average tariff rate from 6.2% to 4.2%. In the third method, the tariff-drawback system is internalized in the model. This paper reports the results of the policy simulation according to all three methods, comparing them with one another. It is argued that the second method yields the most realistic estimate of the changes in macro-economic variables, while the third method is useful in delineating the differences in impact across industries. The findings, according to the second method, show that the tariff reform induces more imports in most sectors. Garments, leather products, and wood products are those industries in which imports increase by more than 5 percent. On the other hand, imports in agricultural, mining and service sectors are least affected. Domestic production increases in all sectors except the following: leather products, non-metalic products, chemicals, paper and paper products, and wood-product industries. The increase in production and employment is largest in export industries, followed by service industries. An impact on macroeconomic variables is also simulated. The tariff reform increases nominal GNP by 0.26 percent, lowers the consumer price index by 0.49 percent, increases employment by 0.24 percent, and worsens the trade balance by 480 million US dollars, through a rise in exports of 540 million US dollars and a rise in imports of 1.02 billion US dollars.

육성기 에너지 급여 차이에 따른 젖소 번식능력 평가

이원영,김종남,조광현,여준모,Lee, W.Y.,Kim, J.N.,Cho, K.H.,Yeo, J.M. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2018 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.20 No.2

Recently, attempts have been made by dairy farms to shorten the time until the first estrus by feeding animals a high-energy diet during the heifer period. Energy consumption during the heifer period has been shown to be related to milk yield and reproductive performance. The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between reproductive performance and energy intake in heifers. There were no differences in height or body weight between animals that were fed the Korean standard diet versus a high energy diet (110% of the Korean standard). However, there was a difference in the timing of the first estrus: 329.3 days under normal energy conditions versus 311 days under high energy conditions. There was no difference in the number of artificial insemination per gestation, but both the rate of female calf production and the weight of individual female calves increased in response to the high energy diet. Based on these results, it may be predicted that the reproductive performance of dairy cows will increase when the animals are fed a high energy diet (110% of the Korean standard). These results demonstrate a correlation between the amount of energy consumed and reproductive performance, and will be of great value to the dairy farming industry.

국민임대아파트단지의 거주실태 및 커뮤니티의식 비교 연구

이원영,강순주,Lee, Won-Young,Kang, Soon-Joo 한국주거학회 2008 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of the study is to provide basic data to be useful for living environment of National Rental Housing, through comparative analysis of residential conditions, community consciousness of residents, characteristics of 3 complexes, whose residents have lived more than 3 years, different in area and size. Deungchon 11 Complex in Seoul, Eui-wang Naeson Complex, and Incheon Samsan 4 Complex are chosen for the investigation and the survey and 242 copies of the questionnaire are analyzed for the final result. Analyzing the contents of the survey results are as follows those deriving conclusions and suggestions. 1) Housing and construction standards are required to reconsider for enhancing of community consciousness and housing satisfaction of residents of National Rental Housing. 2) Spending on residential move, and minimize the unnecessary expense of low-income housing need to do to promote stability. 3) Facilities and equipments for residents are needed considering barrier-free design which introduces universal design. 4) Welfare facilities such as culture space and after-school classroom for teenagers are needed. 5) By using the broadcast media actively pro-mote, various layers are encouraged moving into National Rental Housing, through the concept of housing opportunities for change. 6) In short-term, community space are need remodeling and various activity programs are developed to induce activation of community facilities. In long-term, users considering a community facility plan, actively promoting activities, methods and operating system support for the government in the continuing policy and management is needed, when the National Rental Housing are planned to build. Therefore, the organic aspects such as the development and operation of the community program as well as the physical aspects such as the community space and facilities for the active community of the National Rental Housing are constantly considered in the follow-up studies.

일반균형모형(一般均衡模型)을 이용한 평가절상(平價切上)의 산업부문별(産業部門別) 효과분석(效果分析)

이원영,Lee, Won-Yeong 한국개발연구원 1989 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.11 No.1

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 원화(貨)의 평가절상(平價切上)이 산업별(産業別) 생산(生産), 가격(價格), 고용(雇傭), 무역(貿易) 등에 미치는 영향을 한국경제(韓國經濟)의 일반균형모형(一般均衡模型)을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 평가절상(平價切上)의 효과(效果)는 산업(産業)의 수요(需要), 공결탄성치(供結彈性値), 수출비율(輸出比率), 수입품과의 대체성(代替性), 부가가치비율(附加價値比率) 등 산업(産業)이 갖는 특성에 따라서 매우 상이(相異)하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 혁제품, 고무제품, 섬유 직물, 조선, 의복 등의 산업에서 생산감소효과(生産減少效果)가 큰 것으로 나타나고 있으며 석유제품, 철1차제품, 비철금속1차제품, 화학제품 등의 산업에서 가격하락효과(價格下落效果)가 큰 것으로 밝혀졌다.

도시지역 한 보건소 기능 강화 방안에 대한 의견 비교 분석

이원영,신영전,권영준,최보율,문옥륜,전혜정,Lee, Weon-Young,Shin, Young-Jeon,Kwon, Young-Jun,Choi, Bo-Youl,Moon, Ok-Ryun,Jeon, Hye-Jeong 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The objective of this study is to collect the opinions on the present condition and the improvement directions of urban health centers from and to make a comparison. Samples were drawn from the various sources of a district in seoul. 53 persons involved in district health's administration(the Members of a District Parliament, the senior officials of a District office, village chief) and 84 health center workers were surveyed with anonymous postal questionaires and 427 district private medical personnels with postal questionaires and 625 users of a health center with direct questionaires, from November 18 to 25, 1996. Additionally, 12,151 households were surveyed with self-reported questionaires including priorities on special district health services of health center, from September 1 to 7, 1996. The major findings were as follows : 1) Although the persons involved in district health administration tend to put lower priority on health service over other community activities, they well acknowledged the importance of health center. But health center workers strongly acknowledged the importance of both health service and heath center. 2) As to the level of human resoureces, equipments and ammenities of Health Center commpared with private medical institute, the persons involved in district health's administration and health center workers responded that health center was higher in following order : 54.9%, 41.6%, 36.5% and 88.0%, 80.7%, 44.1%. 3) Concerning the priorities of health center's improvement, the persons involved in district health's administration replied in the order of reinforcement of proffesional health workers (43.3%), improvement of equipments and ammenities(28.3%), and the health center workers replied in the order of reconstruction of organization(24.1%), public health education and promotion(22.8%), reinforcement of proffesional health workers(21.0%). 4) Both the persons involved in district health's administration and health center workers replied that Ministry Health and Welfare, District office, health center were essential as the most critical organizations in the activation of Health Center's Function. 5) Persons involved in district health's administration and health center workers chose, as the most important health center's Function, medical treatment and prevention of infectious disease, and prevention of acute and chrone disease control and special district health service, respectively. Both Groups replied that fammily planning and parasite control are no longer in need. 6) As the future health service requiring reinforcement, every human resources parties considered health conselling, health line, sex education as the most imortant elements in public health education. Concerning the reinforement of other health services such as medical checkup and visiting nurses, every human resources parties showed more than 80% approval rate, but for oriental medical care service, the private medical personels showed relatively low approval rate(52.9%). Therefore the planning for reinforcement of health center's function requires the reflection of human resources party's opinion and the implication of system which can control and combine the differences in party's opinions.

기술도입대가(技術導入代價)의 결정요인(決定要因)

이원영,김재형,Lee, Won-Yeong,Kim, Jae-Hyeong 한국개발연구원 1987 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.9 No.1

기술(技術)의 도입자(導入者)는 그 대가(代價)로서 기술공여자측(技術供與者側)의 직접비용(直接費用)뿐만 아니라 시장진출(市場進出) 기회(機會)의 상실을 보상하여 주는 간접비용(間接費用) 및 기술시장(技術市場)의 불완전(不完全)함에 따른 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)까지 지불(支拂)하여야 한다. 본고(本稿)에서는 기술도입대가(技術導入代價)에서 직접비용(直接費用), 간접비용(間接費用) 및 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)이 차지하는 비중(比重)을 기술도입업체(技術導入業體)에 대한 설문조사(設問調査)를 통하여 밝히고, 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 결정요인(決定要因)을 분석(分析)하였다. 실증분석(實證分析) 결과(結果)에 의하면, 첫째, 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)은 기술(技術)의 성격(性格)에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있기는 하나 평균적(平均的)으로 전체(全體) 기술대가(技術代價)에서 약 70% 이상(以上)을 차지하고 있고, 둘째 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)의 결정요인(決定要因)은 기술(技術)이 개발(開發)된 시점(時點)에서 이전(移轉)될 때까지의 시차(時差), 세계적(世界的)으로 동일기술(同一技術)의 잠재적(潛在的) 공여가능기업(供與可能企業)의 수(數) 및 기술(技術)이 일본(日本)으로부터 도입(導入)되었는지의 여부(與否)를 포함(包含)한다. 즉, 기술(技術)이 개발(開發)된 후 도입시기(導入時期)까지의 기간이 길수록, 기술(技術)의 잠재적(潛在的) 공여가능기업(供與可能企業)의 수(數)가 많을수록 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)의 비중(比重)은 낮아지며, 일본(日本)의 기술공여자(技術供與者)는 다른 나라의 공여자(供與者)에 비하여 보다 높은 독점적(獨占的) 이윤(利潤)을 대가(代價)에 포함시킨다.

1997년 과학기술정책의 방향 : 과학기술처와 통상산업부의 업무계획을 중심으로

이원영,Lee, Won-Yeong 재료연구소 1997 機械와 材料 Vol.9 No.1

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from grape Seed Using Supercritical $CO_2$ and Ethanol as a Co-solvent

이원영,장규섭,최용희,Lee, Won-Young,Chang, Kyu-Seob,Choi, Yong-Hee The Korean Society of Food Preservation 2000 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.7 No.2

A supercritical fluid extraction was performed for the extraction of phenolics from grape seeds which up to now have been discarded. The optimum condition for extraction process was predicted through response surface methodology using central composit experimental design. The extraction amount of grape seed phenolics was increased by increasing extraction temperature, pressure, and concentration of co-solvent (ethanol). The optimum extraction conditions were 84.83$^{\circ}$C, 51.50MPa and 1.27% ethanol. The yield of phenolics using SFE was higher with 3 folds than ethanol and 4 folds than hexane but less than 80% methanol. In the respects of food poisoning, the approved solvents were restricted to ethanol and hexane. So, SFE for extraction of phenolics could be powerful alternative method for solvent extraction.

농촌지역 정신질환자 가족 부담

이원영,김정회,남정현,문옥륜,신영전,Lee, Weon-Young,Kim, Jung-Hoe,Nam, Chung-Hyun,Moon, Ok-Ryun,Shin, Young-Jeon 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: This is a descriptive study which was carried out to identify characteristics of the chronic mentally ill and their families in a rural area and the influencing factors on family burden. Methods : Data was collected for seven months beginning April 1, 1998 by questionnaire from chronic mentally ill patients and their families in two towns and seven townships of the rural areas of Kyonggi Province. In additional to the mental diagnosis of the mentally ill patients, family burden was measured by interviewing the other family members using the questionnaire developed by Pai & Kapur (1981). Of those interviewed, 103 patients were selected for final analysis. Results : Of 103 mentally ill patients, 36.1% of the subjects were not under treatment. In particular, of 29 patients with schizophrenia, 48.3% of the subjects had stopped taking medication and 6.9% of the subjects had never been treated. According to the results of a specialized examination by a psychologist, 81% of patients were in need of Hospitalization. Most primary caregivers were parents. Of the 101 primary caregivers in the study, 39.6% were over 65 years old. In case of death of the primary caregiver, 50.5% of these 101 mentally ill patients would not have anyone to care for them. Of the various kinds of family burden, primary caregivers most often reported psychological stress. Overall, the families of dementia and schizophrenia patients complained of the most family burden. Through univariative analysis, the variables of sex, education and current treatment type of the patients, the relationship with the patient and marital status of the primary caregiver and the number of people living together in the household showed significant correlation with the family burden of schizophrenia patients. Univariative analysis also showed that there were a number of variables which were correlated to the family burden in mentally retarded patients. Concerning the need for mental health services, the most common requests were for entitlement to disability benefits and housing programs. Conclusions: Community mental health services in rural areas must be developed, planned and executed in consideration of the local situation. In particular, the development of various family support programs is needed in order to mitigate emotional, mental and economic burdens and carry out a positive role to care for and rehabilitate patients.

Theodore R. Schellenberg, Modern Archives : Principles and Techniques

이원영,Lee, Won-Yeong 한국기록학회 2000 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.1