위장관 증상을 동반한 Henoch-Sch$\"{o}$nlein Purpura 환아의 장관 초음파 소견 및 내시경 소견

노윤일,류민혁,정철주,이동진,권중혁,Noh, Yun-Il,Ryu, Min-Hyuk,Jung, Chul-Zoo,Lee, Dong-Jin,Kwon, Jung-Hyeok 대한소아소화기영양학회 2001 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.4 No.2

목적: 위장관 증상을 갖는 HSP 환아에서 장관초음파소견과 위내시경검사소견을 규명하여 피부자반증없이 위장관 증상만 있는 환아에서 HSP 조기진단에 장관초음파검사와 위내시경검사의 유용성을 알아보고자 본 조사를 시행하였다. 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2001년 4월까지 동강병원 소아과에 입원한 위장관 증상을 동반한 HSP 환아85명 88례를 대상으로 임상증상, 장관초음파소견과 위내시경소견을 후향적으로 조사하였고 동일한 환아에게서 장관초음파검사와 위내시경검사를 동시에 시행한 4례의 환아에서 두 검사의 연관성을 찾아보았다. 결과: 1) 피부자반증이 88례(100%) 모두에서 나타났고 관절통 및 관절증상이 64례(73%), 위장관 증상이 52례(59%), 신장침범소견이 15례(17%), 음낭침범소견이 3례(3%)에서 나타났다. 2) 위장관 증상은 복통이 52례(100%)에서 나타났고 대변잠혈양성반응이 28례(54%), 구역 및 구토가 17례(33%), 복부압통이 17례(33%), 혈변 혹은 흑색변이 12례(23%), 설사 6례(12%), 토혈 4례(8%), 복부반사통과 복부경직이 각각 1례(2%)순이었다. 3) 위장관 증상을 갖는 52례 중 27례에서 복부초음파검사를 시행하였는데 22례(81%)에서 이상소견이 나타났다. 십이지장과 공장벽의 비후소견이 16례(73%)로서 가장 많았고 복수 8례(36%), 장간막임파선종창 8례(36%), 장폐색증 4례(18%), 이상담낭소견 1례(5%)순이었다. 위장관 증상을 갖지 않는 36례의 HSP 환아 중 3례에서 실시한 복부초음파검사는 모두 정상 소견으로 나타났다. 4) 5례의 내시경 소견은 전례에서 위소견은 정상이었고 십이지장에 다발성의 미란성 출혈성 십이지장염의 소견을 보였는데 구부보다 하행십이지장에 더 심했으며 1례에서는 구부소견은 정상이었고 하행십이지장에서만 동일한 소견을 보였다. 이중 2례에서 시행한 내시경적 생검절편의 병리조직학적 소견은 급성 염증반응과 국소미란 및 출혈소견을 보였다. 5) 4례에서 내시경검사와 복부초음파검사를 같이 시행하였는데 정상소견을 보인 1례를 제외하고는 십이지장과 공장벽의 비후소견의 초음파소견을 보여 미란성 궤양성 출혈성 십이지장염의 내시경소견이 초음파검사상 십이지장벽의 비후소견으로 나타나는 것으로 생각되었다. 결론: 위장관 증상을 동반하는 HSP 환아에서 복부초음파검사는 HSP의 위장관변화를 발견하고 경과관찰을 보는 간편하고 비침습적인 유용한 검사방법이며, HSP 환아에서 내시경검사의 적절한 적응증은 아직 확립되어 있지 않으나 하행십이지장의 출혈성 미란성 십이지장염이 일관된 소견으로 생각된다. 피부자반증이 없이 급성 상복부통증을 동반하는 위장관 증상, 대변잠혈 양성반응이 있을 경우, 복부초음파검사상 십이지장과 공장벽의 비후소견이 보이거나 혹은 위내시경상 출혈성 미란성 십이지장염의 소견이 보일 경우 pathognomonic하지는 않지만 HSP의 가능성을 항상 염두에 두고 다른 질환이 배제되면 부신피질호르몬 투여를 고려해보는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of intestinal ultrasonography (US) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the early diagnosis of Henoch-Sch$\"{o}$nlein purpura (HSP) with the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms preceding the emergence of the skin lesion. Methods: The clinical, intestinal US and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic records of 85 patients (88 cases) with GI symptoms relating to HSP presenting between January 1999 and April 2001 were reviewed. Results: 1) GI symptoms were observed in 52 cases (59%) and skin, joint, renal and scrotal manifestations were observed in 88 (100%), 64 (73%), 15 (17%), 3 cases (3%) respectively. 2) Out of 52 cases with GI symptoms, abdominal pain was observed in all cases (100%). Positive stool occult blood, nausea and vomiting, abdominal tenderness, melena or tarry stool, diarrhea, hematemesis, rebound tenderness and rigidity were observed in 28 (50%), 17 (33%), 17 (33%), 12 (23%), 6 (12%), 4 (8%), 1 (2%) and 1 case (2%) respectively in order of frequency. 3) Intestinal US examination was performed in 27 cases with HSP and GI symptoms (52 cases). Out of 27 sonographic examinations 22 showed abnormal findings. Thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall was observed in 16 cases (73%). Free peritoneal fluid, enlarged mesenteric lymph node, ileus and abnormal gall bladder were seen in 8 (36%), 8 (36%), 4 (18%) and 1 case (5%) respectively. In three cases of HSP without GI symptoms, those changes were absent. 4) In all of five cases with HSP and GI symptoms, endoscopic study showed mucosal edema and multiple hemorrhagic erosions especially at the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens from the duodenum of 2 cases out of 5 endoscopic examinations showed acute inflammatory infiltrates in the mucosa with hemorrhage. 5) Both intestinal US and endoscopic studies were performed in 4 cases with HSP and GI symptoms simultaneously. Out of 4 those cases, 3 cases showed the thickened duodeno-jejunal wall on the intestinal US, which suggested erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis by endoscopic findings. Conclusion: The typical but nonpathognomonic intestinal US findings including the thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings including hemorrhagicerosive duodenitis, in children with GI symptoms, should be considered a manifestation of HSP, even in the absence of skin lesion.

기독교교육과 교회성장과의 관계연구

노윤백(盧允伯) 침례신학대학교 출판부 1983 복음과 실천 Vol.6 No.1

끝단 质量을 갖는 긴 彈性宇宙飛行体構造의 定式化와 制御에 관한 研究

盧允書(노윤서),魏祥奎(위상규) 한국항공우주학회 1985 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

햐쿠타 나오키(百田尙樹)의 『영원한 제로(永遠の0)』와 『해적이라 불린 사나이(海賊とよばれた男)』고찰

노윤선(盧潤宣) 한국일본문화학회 2018 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.78

Since the 2000s, a number of Japanese works in different genres, such as literature, films, and animations, have presented right-leaning views that mirror the nation’s conservative swing of politics that started in the 1990s. This paper considers the historical and ethical perspectives of two literary works by Naoki Hyakuta, who gained huge popularity by creating several conservative-oriented works as part of this cultural and artistic movement. In 2006, Hyakuta published The Eternal Zero, the story of Kamikaze pilots in the Second World War; he became a best-selling author when it sold about 5.5 million copies in Japan alone. After that, he created many other works. This paper reviews Hyakuta’s literary works of the 2000s, by understanding the historical and ethical perspectives in his works, which tend to rationalize the Japanese wars and colonial rule of the past.

Semantic and Episodic Memory, Same or Different Category?: With Reference to the TV Documentary Ancient Aliens

노윤아 영상영어교육학회 2016 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how semantic information (=SI) and episodic information (=EI) interact from an educational perspective. Tulving (2002) argues that semantic memory (=SM) and episodic memory (=EM) are separate categories of long-term memory (=LTM). In this paper, we consider that Tulving’s argument may be inappropriate in educational contexts, that SI and EI exist on a continuum in LTM, and that SM is not a separate category. The subjects were four college students majoring in English. They used the TV documentary Ancient Aliens (Burns, 2009), which is full of SI. In the first stage of the experiment, all the subjects wrote short reports about content they found hard to understand. Next, they were required to select impressive expressions and unimpressive ones and to write comments on their selections. After one month, a delayed recognition test was administered. The comment writing activity helped convert SI into EI. The result was that they improved their degree of memory for both selections. This experiment shows that humans can understand SI by way of EI. This has implications for education in that teachers need to develop activities in which SI is converted into EI in order to help students understand clearly.

1990~1999년 일본 일간지의 혐한 담론 표상 방식

노윤선 ( Roh Yoon-sun ) 한국일본근대학회 2021 일본근대학연구 Vol.- No.72

혐한 담론이 1992년부터 등장했음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 해가 거듭될수록 다양한 일간지에서 혐한 용어를 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 전국지 및 일반지를 포함하여 1990~1999년 동안 『산케이신문』이 가장 많았다. 1993년 2월 25일에 김영삼 정권이, 1998년 2월 25일에 김대중 정권이 탄생하였는데, 일본 일간지에서의 혐한 용어 사용이 전국적임과 동시에 지엽적으로 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 새 정권 탄생 이외에 혐한이 언급된 주요 사건 중 한일공동선언과 관련된 내용의 기사가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 2002월드컵 한일 공동개최에 관한 기사가 그 뒤를 이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. It was confirmed that K-Hate had emerged since 1992, and it was seen that various daily newspapers used K-Hate terms over the years. The Sankei Shimbun had the largest number of newspapers from 1990 to 1999, including national and general newspapers. On February 25, 1993, Kim Young Sam regime was born and on February 25, 1998, Kim Dae Jung regime was born. It was confirmed that the use of K-Hate terms in Japanese daily newspapers increased at the same time as nationwide. In addition to the birth of the new regime, there were the most articles related to the Korea-Japan Joint Declaration among the major cases mentioned K-Hate, followed by the 2002 World Cup Korea-Japan Joint Hosting.

중소수출기업의 특성에 따른 수출 활성화 저해요인인식차이에 관한 연구

노윤진 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.9 No.1

Exports play an important role in Korea's economy and industry. Korea's share in world tradeis also increasing. Governments and trade organizations are making great efforts to promoteexports. However, since SMEs lack resources of enterprises, SMEs have a lot of difficulties inincreasing exports compared to large enterprises. For this reason, in this study, we analyzedthe difference of perception of export difficulties according to characteristics of small andmedium export companies. As a result, four factors such as overseas market information, priceand cost, competitiveness and regulation of importing country were derived. In addition, weinvestigated the differences in recognition of export difficulties by the stage of growth ofcompany, period of export, products exported, export department, size of company. There wasa significant difference in recognition. Especially, The companies which are the early stages ofgrowth, short export period, finished product, the smaller the size of exports companies aremore difficult in export difficulties.

인플릭시맵 바이오시밀러 도입 이후 TNF-α 억제제 사용 변화 및 지출 영향 분석

노윤하(Yunha Noh),윤동원(Dongwon Yoon),신주영(Ju-Young Shin) 대한약학회 2020 약학회지 Vol.64 No.1

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor, biologics for immunosuppression, is widely used for various kinds of autoimmune disease and it has contributed to improving patients’ prognosis. With the expiration of its patent, biosimilars have emerged since September 2012 in South Korea. The competitive cost of biosimilars can lead to significant impact on national health insurance finance. Thus, we aimed to estimate budget impact of the introduction of infliximab biosimilar. Overall trends of utilization and expenditure among TNF-α inhibitors were presented using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database, between May 2011 and December 2013. We conducted segmented regression of interrupted time series analysis to evaluate impact of biosimilar introduction. Utilization and expenditure of TNF-α inhibitor had generally increased during study period. Both quantitative usage and drug expenditure of infliximab biosimilar have significantly increased, while those of etanercept have decreased, since the introduction of infliximab biosimilar. The estimated expenditure savings due to the introduction of infliximab biosimilar was about 52 billion won, which greatly contributed to the reduction of the price of the infliximab original rather than the reduction from the use of infliximab biosimilar. In conclusion, the introduction of biosimilar presented substantial savings of expenditure. Further study will be needed to assess comprehensive impact of other biosimilars introduction.

TV5MONDE의 교육자원으로서의 가치와 FLE 수업에서의 활용

노윤채(NHO Yun-Chae),지영호(JI Young-Ho) 프랑스학회 2008 프랑스학연구 Vol.43 No.-

종교다원주의로 인한 사회 문화적 가치 변동에 따른 선교 전략

노윤식 한국복음주의선교신학회 2010 복음과 선교 Vol.13 No.-

The paper is to find out a missional strategy for those who are living within the various religious cultural backgrounds such as Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Shamanism in the era of the cultural changes of the social values generated by the religious pluralism. First, the ‘community-centered value’ can be rediscovered through which Christianity can reach out to the people of Confucianism. The church should be a community of the Christian believers to get together for the kingdom of God. Second, the ‘cause and effect value’ can be rediscovered through which Christianity can reach out to the people of Buddhism and Hinduism. The church should have an emphasis not on the karma or previous existence of lives but on the eternal life of the coming kingdom of God on the basis of Christ's ‘cause and effect.’Third, the ‘value of purity’ can be rediscovered through which Christianity can reach out to the people of Islam. The church should have a focus not on the abstinence of body but on the practice of the authentic purity fulfilled by the Holy Spirit's love and forgiveness. Lastly, the ‘value of living together’ can be rediscovered through which Christianity can reach out to the people of Shamanism. The church should have an emphasis not on the idolatry of the nature but on the preservation of the creature on the basis of God's loving kindness. In the era of cultural changes generated by the religious pluralism, the direction and tasks of Christian mission should be on such values as ‘church as community,’ ‘cause and effect based on Christ's death and resurrection.’ ‘purity coming from the Holy Spirit,’ and ‘God centered practice of living together.’