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Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Screening Test of Ethyl Hydrogen Adipate in Rats
남춘자,황재식,한경구,조은혜,유선경,엄익춘,강종구 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.4
This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity and safety of ethyl hydrogen adipate (EHA) by determining its effect on the reproductive function and development of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0 (control), 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day. One male and five females of the 800 mg/kg/day died. Body weight loss was observed in the males of the 800 mg/kg/day and in females of the 400 and 800 mg/ kg/day. In addition, mating indices decreased and pre-implantation loss rates increased in parental animals of the 400 and 800 mg/kg/day. The gestation index decreased in the male and female rats of the 800 mg/ kg/day. Moreover, the body weight of the pups from the 800 mg/kg/day group decreased on post-parturition day 4. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of EHA for parental males and females was 400 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively, and that for pups was 400 mg/kg/day.
Single- and Repeat-dose Oral Toxicity Studies of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extract in Dogs
남춘자,황재식,김명준,최영환,한경구,강종구 한국독성학회 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.1
Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of diseases,including skin cancer. The oral toxicity of a hexane extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon root(LEH) was investigated in Beagle dogs by using single escalating doses, two-week dose range-finding,and 4-week oral repeat dosing. In the single dose-escalating oral toxicity study, no animal died, showedadverse clinical signs, or changes in body weight gain at LEH doses of up to 2,000 mg/kg. In a 2 weekdose range-finding study, no treatment-related adverse effects were detected by urinalysis, hematology,blood biochemistry, organ weights, or gross and histopathological examinations at doses of up to 500 mgLEH/kg/day. In the 4 week repeat-dose toxicity study, a weight loss or decreased weight gain was observed at300 mg/kg/day. Although levels of serum triglyceride and total bilirubin were increased in a dose dependentmanner, there were no related morphological changes. Based on these findings, the sub-acute noobservable adverse effect level for 4-week oral administration of LEH in Beagles was 100 mg/kg/day.
한정탁,김명준,문설희,전유림,황재식,남춘자,박종우,이선호,나재범,박찬성,박희원,이정민,장호송,박선희,한경구,최영환,이혜영,강종구 한국독성학회 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4
Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the acute and 28-day subacute oral dose toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of L. erythrorhizon (LEH) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, LEH was administered once orally to 5 male and 5 female rats at dose levels of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for 14 days. Salivation, soft stool, soiled perineal region, compound-colored stool, chromaturia and a decrease in body weight were observed in the extract-treated groups, and no deaths occurred during the study. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LEH in male and female rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, LEH was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days at dose levels of 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day. There was no LEH-related toxic effect in the body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights. Compound-colored (black) stool, chromaturia and increased protein, ketone bodies, bilirubin and occult blood in urine were observed in the male and female rats treated with the test substance. In addition, the necropsy revealed dark red discoloration of the kidneys, and the histopathological examination showed presence of red brown pigment or increased hyaline droplets in the renal tubules of the renal cortex. However, there were no test substance-related toxic effects in the hematology and clinical chemistry, and no morphological changes were observed in the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Therefore, it was determined that there was no significant toxicity because the changes observed were caused by the intrinsic color of the test substance. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverseeffect Level (NOAEL) of LEH is greater than 400 mg/kg/day in both sexes.