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Investigation and Identification of Sensitive Skin Through Questionnaire in Korea
안수선,이은영,문성준,장이섭 대한피부미용학회 2003 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.1 No.2
The term “sensitive skin” has been widely used in cosmetic literature and advertising. “Sensitive skin” is an important problem in cosmetic research. In many consumer surveys, the number of female consumers, who have or believe to have sensitive skin, have been increased. But still now there are not pathophysiologic evaluation and clear definition. So, we surveyed the mean, causes, symptoms or phenomenon of “sensitive skin”, occasional change to sensitive skin and its cause, etc. by questionnaire in Korea. 23~33% of Korean females (n=1181, age 17~68) were reported that they have the agony of “sensitive skin”. We could classify the cause and symptoms with four categories; “inherent”, “environmental”, “cosmetics” and “habit and others”. Based in these results, to diagnose the “sensitive skin” more effectively, we designed the diagnostic questionnaire and classification rules. In the result of investigation 460 females, “self reported skin sensitivity” and “skin sensitivity diagnosed by questionnaire” showed about 70% coincidence. We suggest that these results are useful to understand the recognition about sensitive skin in Korea and diagnostic questionnaire is helpful to classify the sensitive skin with degree of sensitivity and main causes.
연구논문 : 수지상세포 유사 모델에서 식물추출물의 PPD에 의한 피부 감작성 완화능 평가
안수선 ( Su Sun An ),김서영 ( Seo Young Kim ),정경미 ( Kyoung Jung Mi ),임경민 ( Kyung Min Lim ),이태룡 ( Tae Ryong Lee ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The Council of the European Union has banned marketing cosmetics and its ingredients tested on animals since March 2009. Because of this regulation, various alternatives to animal experimentation to test efficacy or toxicity of cosmetics and other products have been developed. Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential is an important part of the safety assessment of new ingredients in cosmetics and drugs to be applied topically. In recent years, various in vitro alternative methods on the basis of DC maturation were postulated to identify the contact sensitizers. Because of availability and abundance, some monocytic leukemia cell lines (KG-1, THP-1, U-937, and MUTZ-3, etc) were proposed as in vitro dendritic cell differentiation models. Especially, the expressions of CD54 and CD86 on the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1 are used as indicators for skin sensitization potential after intensive investigation as an in vitro alternative approach for the identification of contact sensitizers. We applied this test method to predict the possibility that Nelumbo nucifera root extract (P7TE) could inhibit paraphenylenediamine (PPD) induced sensitization. While PPD 90 μg/ml induced CD54 expression on THP-1 cells, co-treatment of various concentrations of P7TE and PPD decrease the augmentation of CD54 at the 350 μg/ml of P7TE. We also found similar suppressive effect in Local lymph node assay (LLNA). We suggest that sensitization test method using THP-1 cell could be also applied to screen the substances mitigating allergic contact dermatitis and these substances could be used in cosmetics and quasi drugs.
수지상세포 유사 모델에서 식물추출물의 PPD에 의한 피부 감작성 완화능 평가
안수선 ( Su Sun An ),김서영 ( Seo Young Kim ),정경미 ( Kyoung Jung Mi ),임경민 ( Kyung Min Lim ),이태룡 ( Tae Ryong Lee ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The Council of the European Union has banned marketing cosmetics and its ingredients tested on animals since March 2009. Because of this regulation, various alternatives to animal experimentation to test efficacy or toxicity of cosmetics and other products have been developed. Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential is an important part of the safety assessment of new ingredients in cosmetics and drugs to be applied topically. In recent years, various in vitro alternative methods on the basis of DC maturation were postulated to identify the contact sensitizers. Because of availability and abundance, some monocytic leukemia cell lines (KG-1, THP-1, U-937, and MUTZ-3, etc) were proposed as in vitro dendritic cell differentiation models. Especially, the expressions of CD54 and CD86 on the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1 are used as indicators for skin sensitization potential after intensive investigation as an in vitro alternative approach for the identification of contact sensitizers. We applied this test method to predict the possibility that Nelumbo nucifera root extract (P7TE) could inhibit paraphenylenediamine (PPD) induced sensitization. While PPD 90 μg/ml induced CD54 expression on THP-1 cells, co-treatment of various concentrations of P7TE and PPD decrease the augmentation of CD54 at the 350 μg/ml of P7TE. We also found similar suppressive effect in Local lymph node assay (LLNA). We suggest that sensitization test method using THP-1 cell could be also applied to screen the substances mitigating allergic contact dermatitis and these substances could be used in cosmetics and quasi drugs.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 생성 수준 분석을 통한 피부감작물질 분류에 대한 시험기관간 신뢰성 검증
안수선 ( Su Sun An ),임연미 ( Yeon Mi Lim ),문성준 ( Seong Joon Moon ),김서영 ( Seo Young Kim ),이수진 ( Soo Jin Lee ),이승혜 ( Seung Hye Lee ),김소남 ( So Nam Kim ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2008 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The study was performed to test the value of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1β(MIP-1β) assay for testing chemicals` skin-sensitizing potentials, and to test its reproducibility and validity. The assay was performed using 5 sensitizing(dinitrofluorobenzene, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, benzocaine, 5-chloro-2-methyl-isothiazolion-3-one, photassium dichromate) and 3 non-sensitizing chemicals(lactic acid, isopropanol, salicylic acid) judged by the standard in vivo assays. THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of four doses, 0.01X, 0.1X, 0.5X, or 1X IC50(50% inhibitory concentration for THP-1 cell proliferation) of these chemicals for 24 hr, and MIP-1β level in the supernatants was determined. Two research laboratories in Korea were participated in the inter-laboratory validation process. Skin sensitization by test chemicals was decided by MIP-1β production rates, which was expressed as the relative increase in MIP-1β production in response to chemical treatment compared with vehicle treatment. When the threshold MIP-1β production rate used was 100%, all the sensitizing chemicals were positive for both laboratories, but all the non-sensitizing chemicals were negative for the one laboratory and positive for the other laboratory. In addition, inter-laboratory consistency was 63%. When the threshold MIP-1β production rate used was 97% or 144%, which was the highest level among the non-sensitizing chemicals tested by each laboratory, all the non-sensitizing chemicals were negative for both laboratories. Whereas, all the sensitizing chemicals were positive for the one laboratory, but benzocaine and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolion-3-one were negative for the other laboratory, which resulted in 75% inter-laboratory consistency. Our study suggests that MIP-1β could be a biomarker for classification of chemicals as sensitizers or non-sensitizers, but more standardized assay procedure may be needed to increase the reproducibility or validity.
Tear Neuromediators in Subjects with and without Dry Eye According to Ocular Sensitivity
윤현정,장원희,안수선,지영석,윤경철 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2022 전남의대학술지 Vol.58 No.1
To investigate differences of tear neuromediators between subjects with and without dry eye (DE) depending on the ocular sensitivity. Thirty-one subjects with DE and 29 subjects without DE were recruited in this study. The eyes were stimulated by exposure to an irritating product applied to the periocular region. Both DE and non-DE subjects were divided into the high sensitivity and low sensitivity groups based on the degree of ocular sensitivity to ocular irritation. Baseline tear film break-up time (TBUT) and corneal staining score were examined, and tear samples were collected. The concentrations of the tear neuromediators, including nerve growth factor (NGF), serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. The baseline neuromediator concentrations were compared between subjects with and without DE based on ocular sensitivity. In both DE and non-DE subjects, baseline TBUT was significantly lower in the high sensitivity group than in the low sensitivity group. In the high sensitivity group, baseline tear NGF levels were higher in subjects with DE than in those without DE. In the low sensitivity group, baseline levels of tear CGRP were lower in subjects with DE than in those without DE. Tear neuromediators associated with DE had differences in their concentrations depending on ocular sensitivity. In patients with DE, tear NGF levels increased with high ocular sensitivity to ocular irritation, whereas tear CGRP levels decreased with low ocular sensitivity.