LOGO와 함께 곡선 만들기 - 다각형 패턴의 관점에서

김화경,송민호,Kim, Hwa-Kyung,Song, Min-Ho 영남수학회 2010 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.26 No.4

Papert [17] introduced the LOGO environment in which we make a curve using LOGO commands (FORWARD, ROTATE). We call this geometry as turtle geometry. This environment has influenced many researchers and designers of computers and mathematics education. But the curve that we can make using LOGO command is elementary or too difficult. Polygon and circle is elementary and making other curves is difficult. In this paper, we introduce the method of drawing some other curves mediating new command. First, we study epicycloid and hypocycloid in the historical and the physical context. And we introduce the method of making epicycloid and hypocycloid using vector addition. Next we study the polygon patterns of this curve. Finally, we extend the method for making more general curve and we improve the computer environment using this metaphor.

말더듬이 김유정의 문학과 상상력

김화경(Hwa Kyung Kim) 한국현대소설학회 2006 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.32

Kim You Jung was a stammerer to be internalized. His work was a better communicative way than a stammerer`s speaking word. As for him, the novel was a kind of way to express his thought about the outer world, His stammer was potential in his novels. His novel had many kinds of noises, many strange vocabularies and fluency. Kim You Jung`s stammer is a kind of way to make fluency and humor in his works. The clean imagination for fluency was expressed by a wordplay, laugh and humor which could have been the identity of Kim You Jung`s novel. The potential for the handicap over the stammer could have been expressed through a person to be ordinary and comprehensive, not a person to be handicapped and individual in his works. These interested wordplay and humorous conversation were expressed and made unique moody in his works. The writing for curing his handicap, stammer has been a way of comforting and diverting readers` mind by these days.

진구(神功) 皇后의 新羅 征伐 說話의 硏究

金和經(Kim Hwa-Kyung) 동아인문학회 2009 동아인문학 Vol.15 No.-

This thesis is to examine out that Shilla mentioned in the Tale of Jingu-Kogo's conquest of Shilla of Kojiki and in the tales of Nihonshoki is not the Shilla located in the Korean Peninsula. The results are as follows. Firstly, it is pointed out that Jingu-Kogo is a character of a female shaman, and the ceremony in which she receives an oracle is a place in which Gut is performed. Chiuai(仲哀) Tenno who playes the geomungo beside her is a person who playes the chalpara in gut performance. If this hypothesis is reasonable, this tale represents a cross section of a society in which a religious service and politics are not separated. Secondly, Shilla in the tale is, I suppose, not the Shilla which was in the Korean Peninsula. It is based on the direction from the Kashii palace(詞志比宮) in Chikushi(筑紫) in which gut is performed. That is to say, in case the place, in which the Kashii palace in Chikushi is located, is Kashii(香椎) in Fukuoka, it is possible to say that Shilla is a country which was not in the west of but in the north of this place. Therefore, in the context of those tales, it is proved out that the Shilla in those tales is Shillasoguk which was in Kitakyushu. And if this Shilla is Shillasoguk which was in the Japanese Islands, the king's surrender and pledge, and the stick-digging action can be explained easily. Thirdly, the group who expanded the territory in Japan and established a country is closely related with BuyeoㆍGoguryeo. This supposition is based on the Mikami Tsugio(三上次男)'s opinion that the motif which fish playes a role of bridge occurred among the men of fishingㆍhunting in northern Asia and on the Egami Namio(江上波夫)'s opinion that it is the influence of continental culture that this motif is occurred in the East expedition myth of Jinmu Tenno. Fourthly, Japanese historians have an effort to prove that the Shillasoguk in Japan is the Shilla in the Korean Peninsula by revising the tales. But their effort is but in vain only to reveal their own contradiction for that proving-out.

삶, 세계, 의미

김화경(Hwa Kyung Kim) 철학연구회 2011 哲學硏究 Vol.0 No.95

In contrast to various examinations on Wittgenstein`s Tractatus Logico-Philosopicus, which focus on mere linguistic or logical aspects, I would like to regard Wittgenstein`s Tractatus as a work that deals with the quest for the meaning of life. In his examination, Wittgenstein wants to show that the concept ``meaning of life`` is based in one`s own attitude to the world. For that reason it is essential to study first how we can recognize the meaning of the world. Our personal relationship to the world reflects our place in life. Wittgenstein regards the world as a limited whole which is not accessible for language. Thus he draws a line between a mystical area that cannot be described by language and a net of facts in our everyday life. The area beyond time and space provokes our admiration and a sense of wonder and gives us an answer to the riddle of life in this world. For that reason, the mystical provides us with a foundation of life and plays a practical role in our life. The power to change the world is based on our view of the world. Altering the meaning of life leads to another attitude to life and helps to extinguish the problems of life. As a consequence, problems which are regarded as problems of life are not seen as problems of life anymore. This power is mystical and embodies the background of our life. The mystical force has fundamental significance to our life, to all ethical conceptions and to all questions about ``the last things``. The philosophical analysis of the meaning of the world and the meaning of life shows the path to Wittgenstein`s real intentions with regard to his philosophy: the change of one`s own ``way of life.``

진주남강유등축제의 문화관광이벤트의 이해

김화경 ( Hwa Kyung Kim ),최화열 ( Hwa Yeol Choi ) 한국사진지리학회 2015 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 진주의 대표적인 지역 축제 중 하나인 진주남강유등축제를 대상으로 축제의 성립배경과 과정 및 문화관광 이벤트 특징을 고찰하고, 축제의 특성과 나아갈 방향을 제시하였다. 진주남강유등축제는 다른 축제와 달리지역이 보유한 자원을 그대로 활용한 축제로서 전국적으로 지명도를 갖춘 축제이며, 진주남강유등축제의 활성화를 위해 다음과 같은 방향성이 필요하다. 첫째, 밤에만 즐길 수 있는 행사가 아니라 주간에도 충분히 즐길 수 있는 프로그램 제작이 필요하다. 둘째, 진주남강유등축제의 유료 프로그램을 패키지화하여 판매하는 방안을 검토할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 진주남강유등축제와 관련된 캐릭터와 기념품 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다. 넷째, 평소에도 진주를 방문하는 외지인들에게 유등에 대해 알릴 수 있는 상설 전시관을 건립하는 것이 요구된다. This research studies establishment, transformation and cultural tourism event inquisitively, using Namgang Yudeung Festival, Korea’s representative local festival, as an example, and also suggests Namgang Yudeung Festival’s characteristics and potential direction. Namgang Yudeung Festival, unlike other festivals that have commercialized themes irrelevant to local resources, is a local festival that has utilized local resource and is well known nationwide; Following directional properties are necessary for invigoration of Namgang Yudeung Festival. First, a program that is enjoyed not only at night but also during a day should be produced. Second, developing a package of Jinju Namgang Yudeung Festival’s charged programs should be examined. Third, characters or souvenirs related to Jinju Namgang Yudeung Festival should be developed. Fourth, building a permanent exhibition hall that may inform about Yudeung to foreigners who visit Jinju, is demaned.

OECD 교육지표와 PISA를 이용한 수학 수업 시간 국제 비교

김화경(Kim, Hwa Kyung),송민호(Song, Min Ho),정인우(Chung, In Woo),최인용(Choi, Inyong) 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2021 교과교육학연구 Vol.25 No.1

수업 시간의 양은 교사의 수업과 평가, 학생의 학업 성취에 영향을 주는 중요한 요소 중 하나로 교육과정이 현장에서 수업으로 잘 구현되기 위해서는 적당한 수업 시간이 확보되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 OECD 국제 지표를 이용하여 우리나라 수학 수업 시간이 국제적으로 어느 정도 수준인지 비교하였다. 그리고 PISA 자료와의 연계를 통해 국가가 보장하는 의무 수학 수업 시간과 수학 성취도 사이의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 우리나라는 OECD 소속 23개국 중 초등 저학년, 초등 고학년에서 수학 수업 시간이 가장 적었으며, 중학교에서는 헝가리 다음으로 수업 시간이 적었다. OECD 평균은 학년이 올라갈수록 수학 수업 시간이 감소하지만 우리나라는 정반대의 경향을 나타냈고, 초등 저학년, 초등 고학년, 중학교의 수학 수업 시간은 각각 OECD 평균 대비 64%, 70%, 81% 수준 밖에 되지 않았다. 개별 국가의 의무 수학 수업 시간은 수학 성취도 평균과는 정적 상관을 나타냈으며, 1수준 미만 비율과는 부적 상관을 나타냈다. Instruction time is one of the important factors affecting the teaching and evaluation of teachers, and academic achievement of students. For successful implementation of curriculum in classes, adequate instruction time should be secured. In this study, the researchers compared the degree of mathematics instruction time in Korea to other nations across the world, using OECD education indicators. In addition, the correlation between the compulsory mathematics instruction time guaranteed by the country and mathematics achievement was examined, based on PISA data. The result of the analysis showed, among 23 OECD countries, Korea has the lowest instruction time for mathematics in elementary schools and the second lowest in middle schools. It is the OECD average that mathematics instruction time decreased as students advanced on to higher grades but Korea showed the opposite trend. Mathematics instruction time in the lower elementary, upper elementary, and middle schools in Korea is only at 64%, 70%, and 81% of the OECD average, respectively. The compulsory mathematics instruction time of each country indicated a positive correlation with the average of mathematical performance, and negative correlation with the ratio of below level 1.

저소득층 아동의 낱말해독 및 읽기 유창성

김화경(Hwa Kyung Kim),배소영(So Yeong Pae),윤효진(Hyo Jin Yoon) 한국언어치료학회 2013 言語治療硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of decoding and reading fluency for children from low income families. The participants were 40 children from low-income families and their aged-matched typically developing children from middle to high income families who are in grades 1 to 3. The results showed that children from low-income families performed significantly lower in the decoding task compared to typically developing children from middle to high income families. Children from low-income families performed poorly on all decoding tasks such as words, non-words, grapheme-phoneme correspondents words, and grapheme-phoneme non-correspondent words. Furthermore, children from low income-families scored lower than middle to high income families on the reading fluency task. The results of this study suggest that decoding and reading fluency intervention should be initiated in an effort to increase those skills and reading comprehension for children from low-income families.

한국사상(韓國思想)(사학(史學)) : 일본 교과서의 독도 기술 실태에 관한 연구 -중학교 사회 과목 교과서의 독도 기술을 중심으로 한 고찰

김화경 ( Hwa Kyung Kim ),노상래 ( Sang Lae Roh ) 한국사상문화학회 2009 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.50 No.-

본 연구는 1998년에 만들어진 학습지도요령에 의거한 현재의 중학교 사회과목 교과서들이 독도 문제를 어떻게 기술하고 있는가 하는 것을 알아보기 위해서 마련되었다. 이러한 연구는 2008년 7월에 작성된 학습지도요령 해설서에 독도 문제를 러시아가 점령하고 있는 북방 영토와 같이 시술해야 한다는 것이 명시되었으므로, 이에 입각한 교과서들이 전면적으로 사용되는 2012년 이후에 독도 문제가 어떻게 기술될 것인가 하는 것을 예측하고 이에 대한 대비책을 세우기 위한 예비적인 성격을 지닌 것이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 사용 중인 학습지도요령에는 독도의 기술에 대한 어떠한 지적도 없었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지리와 공민 교과서에서 이 문제를 언급하고 있다는 것은 일본의 교과서 검정제도가 외양으로는 지극히 민주적인 것처럼 포장되어 있으나, 실제로는 문부과학성이 교묘한 방법으로 직·간접으로 간섭을 하고 있다는 사실을 반영하는 것으로 보았다. 이러한 검정제도 아래서 제작된 5종의 지리 교과서들 가운데에서 2종만 독도 문제를 직접적으로 언급하고 있었다. 그리고 나머지는 지도를 그려 넣으면서 독도를 포함시키는 방법으로 자기들의 영토이거나 배타적 경제수역에 들어간다는 것을 은연중에 가르치고 있다는 것을 알아냈다. 또 공민 교과서의 경우는 8종의 교과서들 가운데에서 독도 문제를 다루고 있는 것은 3종에 불과했다. 이 3종도 후소사의 교과서를 제외하고는 그다지 심각한 수준의 기술이 아닌 것으로 파악하였다. 이와 같은 실태 파악에 대한 고찰을 바탕으로 2008년에 작성된 중학교 학습지도요령 해설서에 대한 대비책을 마련해야 하지 않을까 한다. 곧 연구자들은 일본의 허구적인 논리를 극복하는 방안을 마련하고, 정부는 이를 뒷받침하여 적극적으로 대응하는 대비책을 세워야 한다는 것이다. This thesis is to inquire into how current junior high school Social Studies textbooks under Curriculum Guidelines which was made out in 1996 describe the Dokdo issue. As Handbook of Curriculum Guidelines which is made out in July 2008 stipulates that the Dokdo issue should be described with the Northern Territory issue, this thesis is to predict how the Dokdo issue will be described after the year of 2012 from which a lot of textbooks under the Handbook will be used with full scale, and also this thesis is an preparatory study to take precautions against it. It should be noted that the Dokdo issue is dealt with in Civil textbook not in History textbook currently. If actually the Dokdo issue is to be described in the textbook of Social Studies, it should be described in History textbook particularly. That`s because, when Japanese imperalists went to war with Russia, they captured Dokdo forcedly, a point of strategic importance, for sea battle against Russia. Ironically, in Curriculum Guidelines which is being used currently, there is no indication on the description of Dokdo issue. However, in Geography textbook and Civil textbooks, this issue is mentioned. This means that the authorization system for textbooks of Japan seems to be a democratic in appearance, but actually Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology steps in that matter in a tactful manner. Two kinds out of five kinds of Geography textbooks which produced under the authorization system mention the Dokdo issue directly. And the others teach students that Dokdo is their own territory in a way that Dokdo is included in Japan`s exclusive economic zone on the quiet by way of locating Dokdo in their own map. In case of Civil textbooks, it is only three kinds out of eight kinds of the textbooks that deal with the Dokdo issue. The three kinds of the textbooks excluding Fusousha textbook are not a serious ones with full description. Judging from the discussion and analysis of this study above, it is an urgent need for us to take precautions against the Handbook. More studies on the Dokdo issue should be carried out, and also researchers in that field should set a plan to overcome Japan`s fictional logic on that matter. The government should support for the precautions and the counterplans, and lay comprehensive scheme for that matter.

日帝 强占期 朝鮮 民俗調査 事業에 관한 硏究

金和經(Kim Hwa-Kyung) 동아인문학회 2010 동아인문학 Vol.17 No.-

This study is to identify the injustices of 'a theory of modernization of colony', by way of Folkloristics's viewpoint, which suggests that the Japanese ruling over Korea contributed to the industrialization of Korea. Focused on the studies of Akiba Takashi(秋葉隆), one of the most active researchers on the Chosun folklore in that period, this study finds out the false arguments or suggestions of that theory. He carried out a research work to back up a theoretical framework of Divide and Rule from the side of Folkloristics, which aimed at an efficient ruling over Chosun by the Japanese Government General of Korea. He also tried to prove out that, by comparing Japanese folklore in older times with Chosun folklore, Chosun remains in the state of underdevelopment, not emerging from aboriginality and backwardness. His emphasis on the aboriginality and backwardness was a means to prove a legitimacy that it is natural that more developed Japan rules Chosun. And also, he emphasized that Chosun denied its own uniqueness, and that only played a role of a bridge to pass over the Chinese culture to the Japan islands. In conclusion, since his researches and investigations were for the Unification of Japan and Korea, by which Japan tried to assimilate Chosun people into Japan forcedly, after all, he was a scholar who kept taking a throughly imperialistic stance in his studies. And furthermore, as he bent on finding out and collecting not materials on the realities but the backwardness of Chosun folklore, it can be said that he took an attitude to uphold the banner of ruling over colony.

의례적 행위와 삶의 진지함: 비트겐슈타인의 인류학적 사유에 대한 고찰

김화경 ( Kim Hwa-kyung ) 한국동서철학회 2016 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.82

본 논문은 비트겐슈타인의 1930년대 초기의 저술들을 중심으로 그의 `인류학적 고찰방식`이라는 하는 새로운 사유의 흐름을 다루고 있다. `인류학적 고찰방식`은 철학적 주제나 문제들을 언어와 세계 사이의 논리적인 형식만으로 다루던 방식에서 벗어나서 인간의 삶과 관련된 모든 방면에서 다루는 것을 의미한다. 이런 점에서 비트겐슈타인의 인류학적 사유는 철학적 문제들에 대한 통시적, 다학문적, 통합적, 재생산적인 사유의 방식으로 문화비평으로서의 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 자리매김하는 새로운 전망을 제시한다. 비트겐슈타인은 언어로 표현될 수 없는 문제들은 그 문제들이 뿌리를 내리고 있는 언어 이전의 삶과의 연관성 속에서 고찰되어야 하고, 이런 고찰을 통해 말할 수 없는 것들은 인간의 본능적 행위 안에서 드러날 수 있음을 밝힌다. 따라서 우리에게 필요한 것은 전(pre)-언어적 행동방식과 삶의 문제들 사이의 연결고리들의 발견이다. 이러한 연결고리들은 주술이나 의례적 행위로 표현되는 원초적 반응, 즉 상징들이다. 의례적 행위는 그것을 수행하는 공동체 안에서 그 `의미심장함`이 공유됨으로써 설명의 대상이 아닌 세계관으로 주어진다. 이때의 `의미심장함`은 `놀라움에로 깨어남`이란 특별한 인간 정신을 요청한다. 세계와 인간의 삶 사이의 소통의 다리를 놓는 `놀라움에로 깨어나는 인간 정신`은 비트겐슈타인의 인류학적 사유의 연구 정신이며 그가 생각하는 진정한 학문의 정신이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 비트겐슈타인의 인류학적 사유의 여정은 인간 조건으로서의 세계와 삶의 관계맺음이라는 삶의 진지함을 찾아 가는 심도 깊은 철학적 성찰의 과정이다. This essay on Wittgenstein`s anthropological consideration uncovers a new train of thought by Wittgenstein with special emphasis on his writings in the early 1930s. The study on anthropological consideration escapes from a conventional way of dealing with a logical form between language and the world; it discusses philosophical problems from all aspects related to the lives of human beings. The anthropological thinking by Wittgenstein is a way of thinking which is diachronic, multidisciplinary, integrated, and reproductive, and it suggests to reconsider the philosophy of Wittgenstein as a cultural criticism. According to Wittgenstein, issues that cannot be expressed by language must be thought about in their relation with live as it exists before language. Through this kind of consideration the unspeakable can be revealed in instinctive actions by human beings. Therefore, in order to understand how language and the world is related, we have to discover connections between pre-linguistic modes of behavior and the issues in our lives. These connections are expressed by magic and ritual, in other words, by symbols. The essay demonstrates that rituals appear as a view of the world as their `meaningfulness` is shared within the community where they are performed. The `meaningfulness` demands a special human spirit which is called `awakening to wonder.` `Awakening to wonder` takes charge of the role as a way by which human beings can communicate with the world `which cannot speak`. For that reason, `awakening Human Spirit to wonder` may be called the core of Wittgenstein`s studies on anthropological thinking and the spirit of true study that he thinks of. In this regard, Wittgenstein`s voyage of anthropological thinking culminates in a deep philosophical introspection of the seriousness of life: the relationship between world and life as a human condition.