연구논문 : 마우스 귀부종 시험법과 국소임파절시험법을 병합한 피부감작시험법 개발에 대한 연구

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),권정택 ( Jung Taek Kwon ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2007 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.1 No.2

In the present both mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay are considered reliable method for determination of chemicals` type IV contact hypersensitivity capability. We developed a skin sensitization method through consolidation of mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay. Sensitization of BALB / c mice with potassium dichromate, a well known skin sensitizer, was established through intra-dermal injection of emulsion containing 50 ㎕ of 20 mM potassium dichromate and 50 ㎕ complete Fleund`s adjuvant (CFA) into both flanks. Control mice were treated with CFA only. Thereafter, 10 days later, mice were challenged by injecting 20 ㎕of 3.5 mM potassium dichromate into pinnae of one ear and saline vehicle into that of another ear. Increment of ear thickness was determined using ear thickness guage 48 hour later of the challenge. In vitro BrdU proliferation assay was undertaken using auricular lymph node cells in the presence (1, 10 nM) or absence of potassium dichromate. Number of lymph node cells was significantly elevated in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. Ear swelling index, obtained through subtracting ear thickness before challenge from that after the challenge, was also significantly higher in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice. Furthermore, in vitro auricular lymph node cell proliferation index was nearly two-fold higher at the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. In order to be evaluated as an alternative skin sensitization test, our method deserves more repetition using various chemical sensitizers and irritants

돈사 분진 함유 내독소 수준과 축사 작업자들의 세포면역력간 상관성 분석

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),김지연 ( Ji Youn Kim ),신경민 ( Kyeong Min Shin ),조지훈 ( Ji Hoon Jo ),( Katharine Roque ),조광호 ( Gwang Ho Jo ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국산업보건학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Objectives: Endotoxins in dust generated in occupational settings is known to contribute to the occurrence of respiratory illness among workers. The relationship between the level of endotoxins in total dust or respirable particulates collected from swine farms and immunological markers related with respiratory allergy was evaluated among swine husbandry workers. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from ten workers at ten swine farms at Gyeonggi province, Korea. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for 48 hours. The levels of various cytokines produced at culture supernatants were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit. The concentration of particulate matter(PM10) in the indoor air of the swine farms was evaluated using a PVC membrane filter and mini volume air sampler, and endotoxin levels in the dust were measured by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic QCL method. Results: Levels of endotoxins in the total dust were categorized into high(geometric mean: 109.35 EU/m3) and low concentrations (geometric mean: 0.95 EU/m3) for five swine farms. Interleukin-4 levels were higher in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group, while interferon-γ levels were lower in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group. The ratio (interferon-γ to interleukin-4), indicating immunologic skewedness against allergic reactivities, was lower in the high endotoxin group(1.15±0.60) than the low endotoxin group(3.09±2.38). In addition, the level of interleukin-13, another cytokine contributing to the occurrence of allergic responses, was significantly higher in the at the high endotoxin group(1.12±0.37 ng/㎖) than in the low endotoxin group(0.37±0.04 ng/㎖). Hematologic assessment showed significantly lower cellularity in the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group. Conclusions: Even though a sufficient number of swine workers and farms were not investigated, this study generlly suggests that the immunological function of swine farm workers exposed to high levels of endotoxin could be modulated toward allergic reactivities.

마우스 귀부종 시험법과 국소임파절시험법을 병합한 피부감작시험법 개발에 대한 연구

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),권정택 ( Jung Taek Kwon ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2007 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.1 No.2

In the present both mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay are considered reliable method for determination of chemicals` type IV contact hypersensitivity capability. We developed a skin sensitization method through consolidation of mouse ear swelling test and mouse local lymph node assay. Sensitization of BALB / c mice with potassium dichromate, a well known skin sensitizer, was established through intra-dermal injection of emulsion containing 50 ㎕ of 20 mM potassium dichromate and 50 ㎕ complete Fleund`s adjuvant (CFA) into both flanks. Control mice were treated with CFA only. Thereafter, 10 days later, mice were challenged by injecting 20 ㎕of 3.5 mM potassium dichromate into pinnae of one ear and saline vehicle into that of another ear. Increment of ear thickness was determined using ear thickness guage 48 hour later of the challenge. In vitro BrdU proliferation assay was undertaken using auricular lymph node cells in the presence (1, 10 nM) or absence of potassium dichromate. Number of lymph node cells was significantly elevated in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. Ear swelling index, obtained through subtracting ear thickness before challenge from that after the challenge, was also significantly higher in the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice. Furthermore, in vitro auricular lymph node cell proliferation index was nearly two-fold higher at the chrome-sensitized / challenged mice than the other control mice. In order to be evaluated as an alternative skin sensitization test, our method deserves more repetition using various chemical sensitizers and irritants

어린이 말초혈액을 이용한 유해중금속 납의 T 임파구 분화에 미치는 영향 평가 in vitro 시험법 개발

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.3 No.1

We developed an in vitro assay to evaluate influence of heavy metal lead (Pb) on differentiation of human naive helper T cells to effector type-l (Thl) or type-2 (Th2) helper T cells. Peripheral blood T cells from 15 children were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, polyclonal helper T cell specific stimulator, in the presence or absence of Pb (25μM) for 3 days. T cells were expanded under the same culture conditions at 72h as the primary stimulation, then cells were harvested on day 7. The cells were restimulated with the same stimulator in the absence of experimental additive Pb. Culture supernatants collected at 48h were used for IL-4 and IFNу quantification. In the presence of Pb, T cells acquired the capacity to produce large amount of IL-4 and reduced amounts of IFNу compared with T cells primed with the stimulator only. To assess Pb`s influence on the relative increase of IL-4-producing (Th2) cells to IFNу-producing (Thl) cells, the IL-4:IFNу ratio was calculated for each individual culture supernatants as follows; [IL-4 amount in the presence of Pb/IL-4 amount in the absence of Pb]/[IFNу amount in the presence of Pb/IFNу amount in the absence of Pb]. The mean ratio was 1.7, which indicates the Pb-induced preferential development of naive helper T cells toward type-2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the in vitro assay developed could be helpful to investigate effects of certain xenobiotics on development of human naive helper T cells to effector Th1 or Th2 cells.

일반논문 : 지방정부의 재정상태와 투표행위: 주민들은 지방정부의 재정운영 및 상태에 반응하는가?

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),김나영 ( Na Young Kim ),김상헌 ( Sang Heon Kim ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2008 行政論叢 Vol.46 No.4

어린이 말초혈액을 이용한 유해중금속 납의 T 임파구 분화에 미치는 영향 평가 in vitro 시험법 개발

김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ),허용 ( Yong Heo ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.3 No.1

We developed an in vitro assay to evaluate influence of heavy metal lead (Pb) on differentiation of human naive helper T cells to effector type-l (Thl) or type-2 (Th2) helper T cells. Peripheral blood T cells from 15 children were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, polyclonal helper T cell specific stimulator, in the presence or absence of Pb (25μM) for 3 days. T cells were expanded under the same culture conditions at 72h as the primary stimulation, then cells were harvested on day 7. The cells were restimulated with the same stimulator in the absence of experimental additive Pb. Culture supernatants collected at 48h were used for IL-4 and IFNу quantification. In the presence of Pb, T cells acquired the capacity to produce large amount of IL-4 and reduced amounts of IFNу compared with T cells primed with the stimulator only. To assess Pb`s influence on the relative increase of IL-4-producing (Th2) cells to IFNу-producing (Thl) cells, the IL-4:IFNу ratio was calculated for each individual culture supernatants as follows; [IL-4 amount in the presence of Pb/IL-4 amount in the absence of Pb]/[IFNу amount in the presence of Pb/IFNу amount in the absence of Pb]. The mean ratio was 1.7, which indicates the Pb-induced preferential development of naive helper T cells toward type-2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the in vitro assay developed could be helpful to investigate effects of certain xenobiotics on development of human naive helper T cells to effector Th1 or Th2 cells.

면역독성학적 분석에 의한 축산업 종사자들의 건강 유해성 평가

김형아(Hyoung Ah Kim),이경숙(Kyung Sook Lee),김경란(Kyung Ran Kim),김광호(Kwang Ho Kim),허용(Yong Heo) 한국독성학회 2005 Toxicological Research Vol.21 No.2

Economic animal husbandry workers exposed to organic dust can be suffered from immunologic disorders. Our study was to determine immunological parameters related with occurrence of respiratory allergic diseases to animal husbandry workers in Korea for the first time. Peripheral blood were obtained from twenty-five pig barn workers, forty-nine chicken farming workers and fifty-one non-agricultural control workers. Significantly upregulated plasma IgE level was observed with pig-barn workers than that of chicken farming workers or healthy community control subjects. Furthermore, level of histamine, a hallmark of allergy induction, was upregulated in the pig and chicken farming workers in comparison with that of the control subjects. Downregulation of IFNγ and TNFα production from T cells was apparent in the animal husbandry workers compared with the control subjects. Meanwhile, T cells collected from the pig barn workers demonstrated significantly higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 than the other groups. There were also alterations in IgG subclass distribution. In conclusion, immunological modulation probably leading to occupational allergic diseases can be occurred in the economic animal husbandry workers and the pig barn workers could be the most risky group to the work-related allergic disease.

비소세포폐암과 염증성 폐질환에서 가래와 혈액 및 조직에서 p16(INK4a) Promoter 과메틸화

김정표 ( Jeong Pyo Kim ),김경미 ( Kyong Mee Kim ),권순석 ( Soon Seog Kwon ),김영균 ( Young Kyoon Kim ),김관형 ( Kwan Hyoung Kim ),문화식 ( Hwa Sik Moon ),송정섭 ( Jeong Sup Song ),박성학 ( Sung Hak Park ),안중현 ( Joong Hyun Ah 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2006 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.60 No.2

Discovery KOREA, 맞춤형 기반 외국인 관광객 앱 개발

조남형(Nam Hyoung Cho),왕혜찬(Hye Chan Wang),박준서(June Seo Park),김노아(No Ah Kim),김경아(Kyong Ah Kim),안유정(You Jung Ahn),김지심(Ji Sim Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2023 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1

신경독성 물질에 폭로되지 않은 제조업체 여성 근로자의 신경행동검사 수행능력범위

이경재,이세훈,김형아,이원철,장성실,박정일,정치경,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Lee, Se-Hoon,Kim, Hyoung-Ah,Lee, Won-Chul,Chang, Seong-Sil,Park, Chung-Yill,Chung, Chee-Kyung 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.4

유기용제와 같은 신경독성 물질에 폭로되지 않은 제조업체 여성 근로자를 대상으로 세계보건기구의 Neurobehavioral core Test Battery(NCTB) 7가지 검사 항목 중 사업장 여건을 고려하여 산타아나 민첩성검사와 목적점 찍기, 숫자 기호화, 단순반응시간, 시각기억 검사 등 5가지 항목을 세계보건기구 표준방법에 따라 실시하여, 신경독성 물질폭로로 인한 신경행동학적인 영향을 평가하기 위한 대조군 자료를 마련하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 잘 쓰는 손과 반대편 손의 산타아나 민첩성검사 수행능력은 각각 $45.7{\pm}7.1$ 및 $41.9{\pm}6.4$개, 목적점 찍기는 $191.9{\pm}38.6$개였다. 숫자 기호화와 시각기억검사는 각각 $57.7{\pm}16.0$ 및 $7.8{\pm}1.7$개, 단순반응시간의 평균은 $274.8{\pm}44.6msec$였고 평균 표준편차는 $70.5{\pm}69.0msec$였다. 대부분의 신경행동검사 항목들은 피검자의 연령, 교육수준의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 산타아나 민첩성검사는 양손 모두에서 피검자의 교육년한에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 목적점 찍기 검사에서 올바르게 한 것은 피검자의 연령과 교육년한에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 숫자 기호화는 연령과 교육년한에, 단순반응시간은 교육년한에, 그리고 시각기억검사도 교육년한에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때 피검자의 교육수준은 모든 검사항목에서 주요한 영향 변수로 작용하고 있었고 연령은 일부 검사의 영향 변수로 작용하였다. With increased use of neurotoxic agents in manufacturing industries, hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents pose significant problems in protecting health of workers who work in these industries. A normal range of neurobehavioral performance is required to study hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents among workers. However, such reference for Korean population is not available yet. The objective of this study is to estimate a normal range of neurobehavioral test performance of female workers in Korea. Data for neurobehavioral test performance developed by the World Health Organization were obtained from 165 female workers. Study subjects, 140 production workers and 25 clerks, who voluntarily participated in this study were not occupationally exposed to neurotoxic agents. The mean age and the mean education years of them were 32 years and 10.9 years, respectively Santa Ana dexterity, pursuit aiming, digit symbol, simple reaction time, and Benton visual retention tests among the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery(NCTB) were included in the evaluation. Subjects were interviewed by a trained interviewer for their detailed occupational history $Mean({\pm}SD)$ performance of the participants were: $45.7{\pm}7.1\;and\;41.9{\pm}6.4$ in the Santa Ana dexterity test of the preferred and non-preferred hands; $45.7{\pm}7.1\;and\;41.9{\pm}6.4$ in correct dot of the pursuit aiming test; $57.7{\pm}16.0$ in the digit symbol test; $274.8{\pm}44.6$ msec in the mean simple reaction time and $70.5{\pm}69.0$ msec in the mean standard deviation of it; and $7.8{\pm}1.7$ in the Benton visual retention test. Most neurobehavioral performance scores were correlated significantly with age and educational level. Educational level was found to be a significant independent variable which was associated with all test scores. Age was significantly associated with scores of pursuit aiming and digit symbol tests.