위암 환자의 Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor 유전자의 발현양상

김용길,이경희,김민경,이재련,현명수,김상훈,김희선,Kim Yong Gil,Lee Kyung Hee,Kim Min Kyung,Lee Jae Lyun,Hyun Myung Sue,Kim Sang Hun,Kim Hee Sun 대한위암학회 2004 대한위암학회지 Vol.4 No.4

목적: 고형암이 주위조직으로의 침윤과 타장기로의 전이에는 단백분해효소의 활동이 필요하다. Urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA)는 serine proteinase의 하나로 세포주의 단백분해와 혈관형성에 중요한 물질로서 고형암의 침윤과 전이에 중요한 역할을 한다. uPA는 유방암, 폐암, 방광암, 위암, 직장결장암, 난소암, 및 연조직 육종에서 중요한 예후지표로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 저자들은 위암 조직과 정상 점막에서 uPAR유전자의 발현양상에 대해서 조사하고 기존에 알려진 예후인자와의 연관성을 비교 분석하여 향후 중요한 분자학적 치료 target으로의 역할로서의 의의를 살펴보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 5월 이후 위암으로 진단되어 근치적 혹은 고식적 위장절제술을 시행한 위암 환자 35명을 대상으로 하였다. Northern blot analysis와 RT-PCR을 통해 uPAR mRNA의 발현을 확인하였으며, RNA추출을 위한 재료는 위장절제술 직후 종양조직과 동결절편 생검상 종양세포가 없는 것으로 확인된 부위의 정상 위암 조직을 동일 환자로부터 추출하였다. 이들 환자의 육안적 소견, 조직학적 소견, 생존율 등은 내시경과 수술보고서 병리보고서, 병록지 등을 참고하였다. 결과: uPAR mRNA의 expression과 환자의 예후와의 관계를 평가하기 위해서, gene expression과 이미 확립된 clinicopathologic prognostic와의 관계를 비교하였다. 이러한 factor를 중에서 uPAR mRNA expression은 림프절 전이 여부 (P=0.03), TNM stage (P=0.01)와는 일정한 연관성이 있음을 보였으며, 나이나 성별, 종양크기, histologic type, Lauren classification, Ming classification, serosa invasion, vascular invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, Neural invasion, omental invasion, macroscopic type와는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 종양 세포에서 uPAR를 평가하는 것은 위암의 예후 뿐만 아니라 질병의 재발을 예측하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Invasion and metastasis in solid tumors require the action of tumor-associated proteases. The serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen (uPA) and receptor (uPAR) appear to have a major function in these processes. Expression of the uPAR is elevated in breast and colon carcinomas, and this is often associated with invasiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of the uPAR gene correlates with clinico-pathological parameters in human gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We examined the expression of uPAR mRNA by using northern blot analysis and RT-PCR in 35 gastric carcinomas and the surrounding normal mucosa. Macroscopic and histopathological tumor findings and survival rates were obtained from the patient records and from endoscopic, surgical, and pathological reports. Results: The expression of uPAR and was higher in most neoplasms than in the corresponding normal mucosal tissue. uPAR mRNA expression in tumors correlated well with lymph-node metastasis (P<0.02) and tumor stage (P<0.01). The survival rate of patients with tumors displaying high uPAR expression levels was significantly lower (P<0.04) than that of patients without uPAR expression, but IL-8 showed only the tendency of survival difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that uPAR may be an important prognostic factor in human gastric carcinomas.

LIME과 SHAP 모델 공유에 의한 모델 해석

김용길,Yong-Gil Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2024 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

In the situation of increasing data at fast speed, we use all kinds of complex ensemble and deep learning algorithms to get the highest accuracy. It's sometimes questionable how these models predict, classify, recognize, and track unknown data. Accomplishing this technique and more has been and would be the goal of intensive research and development in the data science community. A variety of reasons, such as lack of data, imbalanced data, biased data can impact the decision rendered by the learning models. Many models are gaining traction for such interpretations. Now, LIME and SHAP are commonly used, in which are two state of the art open source explainable techniques. However, their outputs represent some different results. In this context, this study introduces a coupling technique of LIME and Shap, and demonstrates analysis possibilities on the decisions made by LightGBM and Keras models in classifying a transaction for fraudulence on the IEEE CIS dataset.

Noisy Weighted Data Aggregation for Smart Meter Privacy System

김용길,문경일,Kim, Yong-Gil,Moon, Kyung-Il The Institute of Internet 2018 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.3

Smart grid system has been deployed fast despite of legal, business and technology problems in many countries. One important problem in deploying the smart grid system is to protect private smart meter readings from the unbelievable parties while the major smart meter functions are untouched. Privacy-preserving involves some challenges such as hardware limitations, secure cryptographic schemes and secure signal processing. In this paper, we focused particularly on the smart meter reading aggregation,which is the major research field in the smart meter privacy-preserving. We suggest a noisy weighted aggregation scheme to guarantee differential privacy. The noisy weighted values are generated in such a way that their product is one and are used for making the veiled measurements. In case that a Diffie-Hellman generator is applied to obtain the noisy weighted values, the noisy values are transformed in such a way that their sum is zero. The advantage of Diffie and Hellman group is usually to use 512 bits. Thus, compared to Paillier cryptosystem series which relies on very large key sizes, a significant performance can be obtained. 현재 여러 국가들은 스마트 그리드 시스템의 법적, 기술적, 비즈니스 측면에서 여러 문제점들이 발견되고 있음에도 불구하고 스마트 그리드 배치를 서두르고 있다. 스마트 그리드와 관련하여 중요한 문제는 스마트 미터기의 주된 성능을 그대로 유지하면서 미터 측정값들이 믿을 수 없는 이해집단들로부터 공격을 당하지 않도록 하는 것이다. 이러한 프라이버시 보호 문제는 하드웨어 제약사항, 보안 암호화 시스템과 보안 신호 처리와 같은 몇 가지 해결책들을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 관련하여 현재 스마트 미터 프라이버시 보호 영역에서 주된 도전 문제가 되고 있는 미터 사용량 집계 암호화에 관한 하나의 접근방식을 제공한다. 개별 에너지 총 사용량에 관한 프라이버시 보호를 위해 개별 사용자 집계 함수에 잡음 가중치를 부여하는 방식을 나타낸다. 접근방식에서 준동형 암호화 성질을 충족하기 위해 잡음 가중치의 곱은 1이 된다. 단적으로 개별 에너지 사용자 집계를 알 수 없도록 하는데 있다. Diffid-Hellman 생성기를 적용하는 경우에 잡음 가중치 곱은 잡음 가중치 합으로 전환되고 가중치 합은 0이 된다. Diffid-Hellman 키 교환은 보통 512비트를 사용하기 때문에 아주 큰 키들을 사용하는 다른 Paillier 계통 암호화 방법들에 비해 보다 우수한 성능을 가진다.

기계학습 기반 비선형 전력수요 패턴 GP 모델링

김용길,Kim, Yong-Gil 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2021 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.3

자동화된 스마트 그리드의 등장은 이러한 문제에 대응을 위한 필수적인 장치가 되고 있으며 스마트 그리드 기반 사회로의 진전을 가져오고 있다. 스마트 그리드는 전기 공급 업체와 소비자 간의 양방향 통신을 가능하게 하는 새로운 패러다임이다. 스마트 그리드는 전력 그리드를 보다 안정적이고 신뢰할 수 있으며 효율적이고 안전하게 만들기 위한 엔지니어의 이니셔티브로 인해 등장했다. 스마트 그리드는 전력 소비자가 전력 사용에서 더 큰 역할을 할 수 있는 기회를 창출하고 전력을 현명하고 효율적으로 사용하도록 동기를 부여한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기계 학습을 통한 전력 수요 관리에 중점을 둔다. 기계 학습을 사용한 수요 예측과 관련하여 현재 다양한 기계 학습 모델이 소개되어 적용되고 있는 데 이에 관한 체계적인 접근이 요구되고 있다. 특히 GP 학습 모델의 경우에 일반 소비 예측 및 데이터의 가시화와 관련해서 다른 학습 모델보다 장점이 있지만, 스마트 미터 데이터의 예측과 관련해서는 데이터 독립성에 강한 영향을 받는다. The emergence of the automated smart grid has become an essential device for responding to these problems and is bringing progress toward a smart grid-based society. Smart grid is a new paradigm that enables two-way communication between electricity suppliers and consumers. Smart grids have emerged due to engineers' initiatives to make the power grid more stable, reliable, efficient and safe. Smart grids create opportunities for electricity consumers to play a greater role in electricity use and motivate them to use electricity wisely and efficiently. Therefore, this study focuses on power demand management through machine learning. In relation to demand forecasting using machine learning, various machine learning models are currently introduced and applied, and a systematic approach is required. In particular, the GP learning model has advantages over other learning models in terms of general consumption prediction and data visualization, but is strongly influenced by data independence when it comes to prediction of smart meter data.

AZ31B 마그네슘 합금의 기계적 특성에 미치는 열간압출의 영향

김용길,최학규,강민철,정해용,배차헌,Kim Yong-Gil,Choi Hak-Kyu,Kang Min-Cheol,Jeong Hae-Yong,Bae Cha-Hurn 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The microstructural changes by hot extrusion of AZ31B magnesium alloy were observed, and the relation to the tensile property was examined. The tensile properties as oriented longitudinal(L), half transverse(HT) and long transverse(LT) to the extrusion direction were investigated at $20^{\circ}C,\;100^{\circ}C,\;200^{\circ}C,\;300^{\circ}C\;and\;400^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the results, many recrystallized small grains distributed uniformly in large banded microstructures formed along the extrusion direction. The grain size of as-extruded specimen was around $30\~150\;{\mu}m$. As increasing the test temperature the tensile and yield strength with respect to the angle between the axis of the tensile and the longitudinal direction in extrusion was decreased, but their elongation were increased and their deviation between L and LT specimens have disappeared from $300^{\circ}C$. This mechanical anisotropy was reduced at elevated temperatures and almost disappeared at $400^{\circ}C$. It was considered that the homogenization was occured by the recrystallization and the change of slip system was occurred during tensile test process in elevated temperatures.

통계학적 방법을 이용한 지문 정합 방법

김용길,박종민,Kim, Yong Gil,Park, Jong Mn 한국스마트미디어학회 2014 스마트미디어저널 Vol.3 No.3

Fingerprint Recognition System is made up of Off-line treatment and On-line treatment; the one is registering all the information of there trier features which are retrieved in the digitalized fingerprint getting out of the analog fingerprint through the fingerprint acquisition device and the other is the treatment making the decision whether the users are approved to be accessed to the system or not with matching them with the fingerprint features which are retrieved and database from the input fingerprint when the users are approaching the system to use. In this paper, Among various biometrics recognition systems, statistical fingerprint recognition matching methods are considered using minutiae on fingerprints. We define similarity distance measures based on the coordinate and angle of the minutiae, and suggest a fingerprint recognition model following statistical distributions. 지문 인식 시스템은 지문인식 장치(fingerprint acquisition device)를 통하여 아날로그(analog) 지문으로부터 변환된 디지털(digital) 지문에서 특이점을 추출하고 추출한 특이점들에 대한 정보를 데이터베이스에 등록하는 오프라인(off-line) 처리와 사용자가 시스템에 접근 할 때 입력한 지문으로부터 특이점을 추출한 후 데이터베이스에 저장되어 있는 특이점들과 정합(matching) 하여 사용자의 시스템 접근 여부를 결정하는 온라인(on-line) 처리로 이루어져 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 생체인식시스템 중, 통계 지문 인식 정합 방법인 지문의 특이점 을 사용한다. 좌표를 기준으로서 유사성 거리 측정을 하고, 그리고 특정한 각도, 통계 배포 판에 따라서 지문 인식 모델을 찾는 것이다.

페에 발생한 Hamartoma -1예 보고-

김용길,김공수,Kim, Yong-Gil,Kim, Gong-Su 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1980 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.13 No.3

The hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lung, but the incidence is very low. Most of hamartomas are revealed accidentally as coin lesion of routine chest X-ray because of no symptoms usually. The differential diagnosis should include tuberculoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and other forms of tumor. Definitive diagnosis usually is established at exploratory thoracotomy. In this report, we present one case of a 42-year-old female having hamartoma of the left lower lobe of the lung that removed successfully and confirmed histopathologically. Her postoperative course was uneventful. She was discharged in good condition.

스몰오버랩 부분정면충돌 시험 결과에 관한 고찰

김용길(Yong gil Kim),김대업(Dea up Kim),장형진(Hyung Jin Chang),석주식(Ju Sik Suk),김시우(Si Woo Kim),강병도(Byung Do Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

Due to recent developments in the automotive industry, many car accidents are happening. Therefore, the development of the automobile industry with respect to safety requirements to be a worldwide trend. Small overlap in research in the United States IIHS crash test with 40% offset crash tests KNCAP 64 km / h hit the Barrier to the Injury Rating, car body through Measurements of Safety Cage Deformation of taking the actual test results and vehicle data, the front portion of injuries value KNCAP comparing the evaluation method is applied to analysis.

600L급 LNG 차량 연료공급용 초저온 액중펌프 국산화개발에 관한 연구

김용길(Yong Gil Kim),김도현(Do Hyun Kim),이원영(Won Young Lee),이중섭(Chung Seob Yi) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.4

In this study, localized development of a submerged cryogenic pump for use in LNG containers is conducted with large-sized commercial vehicles as the target. The submerged pump installed in an LNG storage container is the key module that supplies fuel to the engine through the reciprocating motion of a piston. Research and development on 660-L fuel containers is performed herein. The target is to achieve a mileage of 600 ㎞ or more by applying it to major NGV vehicles worldwide. In this manner, the present study aims to verify the operating mechanisms of the major parts of currently advanced products through reverse engineering in the early development process and draw basic design data.

상표 애호도의 유형구분에 따른 스포츠마케팅 전략

김용길(Kim Yong-Gil),이영우(Lee Young-Woo) 한국체육과학회 2000 한국체육과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

For this purpose, I categorized brand loyalty by type considering consumers behavior and attitudes, and researched what kind of distribution can be formed among individuals participating in sports according to type. In addition, I examined how the customers brand loyalty on sportswear would be influenced by the reason of their participating in sports. In order to test the hypothesis of the study, I questioned the subjects regarding brand loyalty in the use of sportswear with a self-administration method, and as statistic methods, I used one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and frequency analysis, which crosstabulates the chi-square Test with the SAS 6.2 program. The results testing the hypothesis of this study through the analysis above, were summarized as follows: First, in the case of sports shoes, there was no significant differences in distribution among 4 types of brand loyalty suggested in this study, and in the cases of sportswear and golf clubs, there is a little more distribution in the situational brand loyalty and the non-brand loyalty than emotional brand loyalty. Second, variables such as seeking of spare time, pursuit of pragmatism, etc. resulted in no difference among the types of brand loyalty. And regarding self-confidence, recognitional brand loyalty groups showed higher response. On the grounds of the result of the analysis above, I think that this study suggests quite important criteria in marketing planning and strategies, especially in market segmentation, a criterion for selecting target.