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공중보건 비상사태와 윤리적 대응: 2015년 한국 메르스 유행을 중심으로
최은경 한국의료윤리학회 2016 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This article examines the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea in terms of the ethics of public health emergencies. A public health emergency is defined as a severe, sudden, and unpredictable threat to public health, which poses a substantial risk to normal social functioning. In response to public health emergencies legal rights may be suspended and individual liberties may be violated. Among the many ethical principles that are relevant in public health emergencies are protecting the public from harm, justice and fairness, liberty and respect, reciprocity, and duty to treat. The 2015 MERS outbreak raised several ethical issues, including the following, which are discussed in this article: 1) Ethical deliberation in preparing for public health emergencies, 2) balancing privacy and transparency, 3) respecting individual liberty in quarantine, and 4) ensuring that the duty to treat is respected 본 논문은 2015년 한국에서 발생한 메르스 유행을 공중보건 비상사태의 윤리성의 관점으로 고찰한다. 공중보건 비상사태는 공중보건에 대한 심각하고 긴급한, 예상치 못한 위협으로써 사회의 일상적 기능 에 실질적인 위험이 될 수 있을 정도의 위협을 의미한다. 공중보건 비상사태가 발생하면 개인의 자율성 과 법적 권리가 제한될 수 있다. 윤리 원칙 중 공중보건 비상사태와 관련된 중요한 원칙으로는 공공을 위 해로부터 보호하는 원칙, 평등과 정의의 원칙, 자율성과 존중의 원칙, 상호 호혜의 원칙, 치료의 의무 등 이다. 본 논문은 2015년 메르스 유행이 야기한 윤리적 이슈로 1) 공중보건 비상사태에서 윤리적 숙려의 필요성 2) 사생활 보호와 투명성 사이의 균형, 3) 격리 상황에서 개인의 자율성 존중, 4) 치료의 의무에 대한 존중 보장 등이 있음을 논하였다.
Review of the Registration in the Clinical Research Information Service
최은경,김미정,임남규,박현영 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.1
Clinical research registration is required in many countries to improve transparency of clinical research and to ensure subject safety. Developed in February 2010, the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) is an online registration system for clinical studies in Korea and one of the primary registries of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The present analysis investigated the characteristics of studies registered in the CRIS between February 2010 and December 2014. Data for the analysis were extracted from the CRIS database. As of December 31, 2014, 1,323 clinical studies were registered. Of these, 938 (70.9%) were interventional studies and 385 (29.1%) were observational studies. A total of 248 (18.7%) studies were funded by government sources, 1,051 (79.4%) by non-government sources, and 24 (1.8%) by both. The most frequently studied disease category based on the ICD-10 classification was the digestive system (13.1%), followed by the nervous system (9.4%) and musculoskeletal system (9.1%). Only 17.8% of the studies were registered prior to enrollment of the first subject. Comparing the number of registered or approved clinical studies between the CRIS, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and ClinicalTrials.gov suggests that a considerable number of clinical studies are not registered with the CRIS; therefore, we would suggest that such registration should be the mandatory legal requirement.
p-형 Si(100) 기판 위에 성장시킨 Bi_(3.25)La_(0.75)Ti₃O_(12) (BLT) 박막의 전기적 특성
최은경,박문흠,김현주,하태곤,강민주,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-
Bi₃zsLa(0.75)Ti₃0_(12) (BLT) thin film have been grown on p-type Si(l00) substrates by a sol-gel spin coating process. The structure and surface morphology of the film were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEMI. Furthermore, the electrical properties were examined by capacitance-voltage ( C-V) characteristics by using a LF Impedance Analyzer(HP 4192A). XRD measurement show layered perovskite structure with a single phase in BLT thin film annealed at 700C for 30 min in oxygen. The measured grain size of BLT on Si is about 0.04 - 0.1 pn. From the cross-sectional SEM image, BLT film thickness is measured to be 0.4 pm. The C-V characteristic hysteresis curves show that the NIFS (metal-fexroelectric-semiconductor) structure has memory effect. The memory window decreases, with increasing frequency at MFS structure. And it is found that the memory window increases as the applied voltage to the ferroelectric capacitor is increased. These phenomena may be due to polarization reversals of the BLT ferroelectric film and because of the charge injection from Si substrate into the ferroelectric thin film. The results obtained indicate that the present BLT films are suitable for making ferroelectric field effect transistor(FeFET) memory.
최은경,박두흠,유재학,유승호,하지현 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.6
ObjectiveaaTo investigate how differences in oxygen saturation between non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep in patients according to the severity of sleep apnea. MethodsaaWe studied 396 male patients diagnosed with simple snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on nocturnal polysomnography. Patients were divided into groups by the OSAS severity. We compared the average oxygen saturation between REM and NREM sleep in each group. ResultsaaIn the simple snoring group, average oxygen saturation was significantly greater during REM than during NREM sleep. In the severe OSA group alone, average oxygen saturation was greater in NREM than in REM sleep. The difference of NREM-REM average oxygen saturation correlated significantly with AHI in the severe OSA group. ConclusionaaMore severe hypoxemia was seen in REM than NREM sleep in the severe OSAS group. The differential oxygen decrease between REM and NREM sleep is likely due to the differentially occurring sleep breathing events in each sleep stage according to the SDB severity. The more AHI increases in the severe OSAS patients, the more prominent the hypoxemia of REM sleep compared with NREM sleep is likely to appear. This suggests that the pressure of continuous positive airway pressure should be increased to control the hypoxemia of REM sleep in extremely severe OSAS.
최은경 德成女子大學校 1995 德成女大論文集 Vol.24 No.-
Since the publication of Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison's only novel, various interpretations, opposing sentiments and reactions have existed. The novel begins and ends in a small underground room. It is there that the unnamed narrator is arranging his memories, structuring hs experiences, and creating his life. However, Ellison's apocalypse is a pessimistic one: it ends in destruction which leads not to regeneration but to degeneration. The Invisible Man is left with his 1,369 light bulbs, but they are no substitute for the reality, and he knows it. When the novel ends, we realize that its overall cyclic structure is not an upward spiral, but a vicious circle.