랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

Study on bubble and liquid velocities in an area-varying horizontal channel

Tran, Thanh Tram,Kim, Byoung Jae,Park, Hyun-Sik Elsevier 2018 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.118 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two-fluid equations are widely used to simulate thermal-hydraulic phenomena in a nuclear reactor. Simulation accuracy depends on the modeling terms in the two-fluid equations. For a dispersed flow, the overall two-phase pressure drop by wall friction must be apportioned to each phase in proportion to the fraction of each phase (Kim et al., 2014). By applying this approach, the prediction of bubble phase velocity can be close to that of liquid for a fully developed flow in a horizontal pipe with a constant area. One may want to know what would happen in the area-varying channels. It is always true that the bubble density is much lower than the water density. Hence, the bubble would accelerate faster than the liquid in a nozzle in which the pressure decreases along the downstream; the bubbles would decelerate more quickly than the liquid in a diffuser in which the pressure increases along the downstream. The purpose of this study was to investigate those behaviors in an area-varying channel using the experimental data and MARS simulations. Experiments were made of turbulent bubbly flows in an area-varying horizontal channel. The velocities of two phases were measured with the help of the PIV technique. The experimental result showed that the two-phase velocities were no longer close to each other in the area-varying regions. The bubble was faster than the liquid in the nozzle region; in contrast, the bubble was slower than the liquid in the diffuser region. MARS code simulations were performed to assess the wall drag model. By replacing the original wall drag partition model in the MARS code with Kim’s one, the simulation results were consistent with experimental observations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bubble and water velocities in an area-varying channel are measured. </LI> <LI> The phase velocities are very close in the constant-area region. </LI> <LI> The bubble is faster than the water in the contraction region. </LI> <LI> The bubble is slower than the water in the diffuser region. </LI> <LI> Kim’s wall drag partition model well predicts experimental results. </LI> </UL> </P>

直接噴射式 디젤엔진에서 GTL熱料의 EGR率變化에 따른 排出物 特性에 關한 硏究

金秉儁,崔源鶴,柳鍾植,李海喆,車京玉 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2008 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Recently, altenative fuels are drawing more attentions due to the increasing need for lower emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate in automotive engines. The GTL(gas to luquid) is the one of most favored candidates. It has higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible sulphur and aromatic contents. Therefore, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, the cylinder pressure and heat release, emission characteristics with fuel injection timings are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in the single cylinder diesel engine. Noticeable reduction in PM, THC and CO emission are observed due to lower sulphur and aromatic contents in GTL. Also, the ignition delay decreased due to higher cetane number of GTL , which slightly decreased the amount of NOx emissions. EGR is considered as a most efficient method to reduce the NOx emission. With EGR rates, NOx decreases more for the case of GTL, while the level of THC and CO emissions still remains lower than the case of diesel. With EGR rates, Small size distribution of PM became lager and there amount increased. Bul from all conditions, size distribution of PM for the case GTL was lower than Diesel.

킬레이트 형성기로서 Ethylenediamine을 도입한 다공성 중공사막에 의한 금속이온의 흡착특성

김헌석,김민,이영기,김병식 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1999 산업기술논문집 Vol.14 No.-

폐수나 초순수 중의 금속이온을 효율적으로 회수하기 위해 킬레이트 형성기로서 에틸렌디아민(EDA)을 방사선그래프트중합법에 의해 생성된 그래프트 체인에 도입하였다. 그래프트율에 따른 에틸렌디아민기의 밀도를 측정하였으며, 그래프트율 177%의 경우 4.25mol/kg으로 나타났다. 에틸렌디아민기가 도입된 중공사막의 금속이온에 대한 흡착용량은 투과법에 의해 측정되었다. 투과압력의 변화에 무관한 흡착용량을 나타내었으며, 흡착된 금속이온은 용리액에 의해 100% 용리가 되었다. 구리(Cu)와 카드뮴(Cd)의 2성분 흡착에서는 구리이온이 카드뮴이온을 치환흡착 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. An ethylenediamine(EDA)-group as a chelate forming group was appended onto a hollow fiber membrane for effective recovery of metal ion from waste water or ultra pure water by radiation-induced graft polymerization of an epoxy-group-containing monomer, glycidylmethacrylate(GMA), and subsequent chemical modification. The density of EDA-group was investigated as a function of the degree of GMA grafting(dg), and it was 4.25mol/kg in case of the dg 177%. The adsorption of metal-ion onto toe EDA-hollow fiber membrane was measured by the permeation method. The metal adsorption capacity during permeation of a copper solution through the EDA-hollow fiber at various flow rate demonstrated that a higher flow rate is not affected to the collection efficiency. In the binary adsorption of Cu^2+/Cd^2+, we could see that Cu^2+ ion was substituted for Cd^2+ ion and adsorbed finally.

골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합환자의 이모장치에 대한 반응성 및 치료효과에 관한 연구

김병호,양원식 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial skeletal pattern and growth change of whom had responsed well to chincap therapy. 93 patients seleted for this study were in mixed dentition and treated with chincap for more than 2 years. And 54 subjects were selected from these total samples and classified into two groups by the improvement of four measurements ; ANB difference, APDI, Wits appraisal. and AF-BF. One was good response group which consisted of 26 children and the other was poor response group with 19 patients. Various measures of the craniofacial structure in the initial lateral cephalograms and the annual increments were calculated and analyzed by comparing two groups with t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Good response group had more horizontal growth pattern in initial stage of treatment than poor response group, and the contributing factors of this result were anterior posterior facial height ratio, gonial angle, lower gonial angle and SN-mandibular plane angle. 2. The maxilla was positioned more anteriorly in good response group. 3. The amounts of vertical growth of maxilla was smaller but the horizontal growth of maxilla was larger in good response group. 4. The mandible rotated more infero-posteriorly in good response group. 5. The good response group had more vertical growth pattern of mandibular condyle.

HFCVD법을 이용하여 제작한 n-형 다이아몬드 박막의 특성 연구

김병규,황윤식,권민철,김용,이재열,박홍준 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.1

HFCVD법으로 암모니아 가스를 사용하여 n-형 도핑된 다이아몬드 박막을 제작하여, 기판온도와 암모니아 가스 첨가비에 따른 박막의 morphology의 변화를 조사하였다. 증착된 시료에 대한 SEM, Raman, XRD를 이용하여 박막의 특성을 분석하고, 도핑에 따른 전계방출 특성을 측정하였다. 양질의 n-형 도핑된 다이아몬드 박막을 증착시키기 위해 기판온도와 암모니아 첨가비에 따른 최적의 증착조건을 찾을 수 있었다. We fabricate n-doped diamond thin films by hot filament chemical vapor deposition method(HFCVD) using ammonia as a doping gas and investigate the effect of the substrate temperature and the ammonia gas ratio upon the diamond film morphology. The SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and the XRD analysis are executed to characterize film morphology. Field emission property of the film is measured also. We find optimum conditions of the substrate temperature and the ammonia gas ratio to deposit high quality n-doped diamond thin films.

이성질체 분리를 위한 음이온교환재료의 합성

김재훈,김민,김병식 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

Anion exchange groups were introduced into porous hollow fiber membranes by radiation-induced ploymerization. The epoxy group produced in the GMA-grafted hollow fiber membrane was converted into anion-exchange groups by reaction with Diethylamine(DEA). Triethylamine(TEA). Ethanolamine(EtA). Diethanolamine(DEtA). The D-, L-Tryptophan solution was forced to permeate across the hollow fiber DEA, TEA, EtA, DEtA memberan. When measurements of anion-exchange capacity of the DEA, TEA, EtA, DEtA memberan, the DEA membrane having higher adsorption capacity than TEA, EtA, DEtA membrane.

새열기형의 임상적 고찰

김장묵,김대식,백승혁,한동렬,김희중,백병준,오천환 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

Background and Objectives : Branchial cleft anomalies are encountered rarely in clinical practice. We reviewed medical records of branchial cleft anomalies according to age and sex distribution, site distribution, characteristics of mass on physical examination, location of mass, preoperative diagnosis, type of branchial cleft cyst and report our experience with 25 cases of branchial cleft anomalies. Materials and Methods : A review of medical records was performed on 25 cases of branchial cleft anomalies diagnosed in pathologic report from January, 1990 to March, 2000. Result : Sex distribution was 11 male and 14 female, age distribution was most common in third decade which was 8 cases(32%). Site distribution was predominant in left side(13 cases), and in physical examination, the characteristics of the mass was nontender(76%), mobile(60%), soft(80%). The lesion site was submandibular area in 2 cases, upper 1/3 portion of sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in 2 cases, middle 1/3 portion of SCM in 20 cases and parotid area in 1 case. The preoperative diagnosis was branchial cleft cyst in 16 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 3 cases, tuberculous lymphadenitis in 3 cases, branchial cleft fistula in 1 case, dermoid cyst in 1 case and parotid mass in 1 case. Among 25 cases, first branchial cleft cyst was seen in 4 cases, second branchial cleft cyst in 20 cases and second branchial cleft fistula in 1 case. Conclusion : The clinical history of recurrent neck inflammatory episodes in young patients and nontender, mobile, soft neck mass should raise the suspicion of this entity. Investigation using CT scanning in combination with aspiration is useful. Treatment of all branchial cleft anomalies is complete surgical excision because there is lack of spontaneous regression, a high rate of recurrent infection, the possibility of other diagnosis, and rare malignant degeneration. Complete removal without complications depends on a good understanding of regional embryogenesis, a knowledge of the surrounding structure, and awareness of the different anatomical presentation.

BSA고정화를 위한 가교제의 첨가특성

김재훈,김민,김병식 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

Anion exchange groups(DEA) were introduced into porous hollow fiber membranes by radiation-induced ploymerization. A DEA group-containing polymer chain grafted onto a porous PE membrane. The BSA solution was forced to permeate across the hollow fiber DEA membrane. BSA was immobilized by the permeation of a BSA solution through the pore of the DEA membrane. The immobilized BSA was cross-linking with glutaraldehyde to prevent leakage. Afterwards, The GA 0.05 percent membrane having higher adsorption capacity than 0.025, 0.075, 0.1 percent GA concentration.

Glutaraldehyde로 가교시킨 BSA고정막에 의한 DL-Tryptophan의 흡착특성

김재훈,김민,김병식 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

A DEA group-containing polymer chain grafted onto a porous PE membrane. BSA was immobilized by the permeation of a BSA solution through the pore of the DEA membrane. The immobilized BSA was cross-linking with glutaraldehyde to prevent leakage. DL-tryptophan solution was forced to permeate through the BSA immobilized membrane at a flow 50mL/h. As a result, Adsorption of D-L-tryptophan increase with increasing of BSA immobilized as a function of the degree of GMA grafting.