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김장묵,김대식,백승혁,한동렬,김희중,백병준,오천환 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2
Background and Objectives : Branchial cleft anomalies are encountered rarely in clinical practice. We reviewed medical records of branchial cleft anomalies according to age and sex distribution, site distribution, characteristics of mass on physical examination, location of mass, preoperative diagnosis, type of branchial cleft cyst and report our experience with 25 cases of branchial cleft anomalies. Materials and Methods : A review of medical records was performed on 25 cases of branchial cleft anomalies diagnosed in pathologic report from January, 1990 to March, 2000. Result : Sex distribution was 11 male and 14 female, age distribution was most common in third decade which was 8 cases(32%). Site distribution was predominant in left side(13 cases), and in physical examination, the characteristics of the mass was nontender(76%), mobile(60%), soft(80%). The lesion site was submandibular area in 2 cases, upper 1/3 portion of sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in 2 cases, middle 1/3 portion of SCM in 20 cases and parotid area in 1 case. The preoperative diagnosis was branchial cleft cyst in 16 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 3 cases, tuberculous lymphadenitis in 3 cases, branchial cleft fistula in 1 case, dermoid cyst in 1 case and parotid mass in 1 case. Among 25 cases, first branchial cleft cyst was seen in 4 cases, second branchial cleft cyst in 20 cases and second branchial cleft fistula in 1 case. Conclusion : The clinical history of recurrent neck inflammatory episodes in young patients and nontender, mobile, soft neck mass should raise the suspicion of this entity. Investigation using CT scanning in combination with aspiration is useful. Treatment of all branchial cleft anomalies is complete surgical excision because there is lack of spontaneous regression, a high rate of recurrent infection, the possibility of other diagnosis, and rare malignant degeneration. Complete removal without complications depends on a good understanding of regional embryogenesis, a knowledge of the surrounding structure, and awareness of the different anatomical presentation.
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경남 일부 지역에 대한 산성암석배수 발생 예측 및 의의
임길재,정영욱,지상우,이현석,박성원,한동렬 한국자원공학회 2006 한국자원공학회지 Vol.43 No.4
It is well known that Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) from abandoned mines or civil works is causing environmental risks and sometimes exceeding regulatory standards. Due to economic and social cost and technical difficulties of ARD problem, prediction of ARD is now considered to be significantly important in the field of the of mining and civil industries. The ARD issues including housing estate in Yangsan & Kijang, Gyeongnam province was studied in this paper. This study was carried out to find out the possible acid producing areas by geochemical study including acid-base accounting (ABA), Net Acid Generation (NAGpH) and paste pH and conductivity. Geochemical results indicated that while most samples had no geochemical characteristics that may produce acidity, a few number of samples were classified into acid producing rocks. Maximum acid producing capacity for sample No. BS-78-1 reached 71.30kg/t H2SO4. In addition, samples of No. BS-04, BS-14 and BS-15 were evaluated to produce the acidity of several tens of kg/t H2SO4. According to XRD analysis, most of mineral compositions consist of feldspar, muscovite and quartz etc., and carbonate mineral capable of neutralizing acidity was identified. Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) for sample No. BS-78 reached up to maximum 106.4kg/t H2SO4. Paste pH of few samples reached 3 with high salinity of several hundreds μS/cm but most samples were around neutral with low salinity. These geochemical characteristics suggest that these samples with sulphide mineral are exposed to oxidant environment and thus have acid producing salts. According to ARD classification for samples by means of NAGpH and NAPP parameters, samples including BS-02-1, BS-07, BS-14, BS-15, BS-20, BS-30 and BS-78-1 were considered as Potential acid forming rock. 폐광산 주변 혹은 토목 건설 현장 등에서 유출되는 산성암석배수(Acid Rock Drainage: ARD)는 주변의 환경을 오염시킬 위험성이 있고 또한 법적인 기준치를 초과하기도 한다. 이러한 ARD 문제는 발생 이후 처리에 경제적, 기술적 문제들로 인해서 최근 사전 예측 평가의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 경남 양산 및 기장 지역에는 택지조성 지역 그리고 폐광산 주변에서 ARD가 발생하여 ARD 사전 예측의 필요성이 확인되고 있다. 본 연구는 이들 지역을 포함하여 추가로 ARD 발생 가능지점을 예측하기 위해 산-염기 평가 시험을 수행하였다. 연구결과 대부분 시료들이 ARD 발생과 무관하였지만 일부 지역의 암석에서는 ARD 발생이 예측 되었다. ARD 발생 우려 시료 중 최대로 발생 가능한 황산(H2SO4)양은 BS-78-1 시료에서 최대 1톤 당 71.30kg로 나타났다. 이외에도 BS-04, BS-14, BS-15 시료 등도 수십 kg의 H2SO4가 발생 가능한 것으로 평가 되었다. 한편 XRD 분석 결과 산을 중화할 수 있는 주 구성광물은 장석류 및 운모류 등이며 중화능력(ANC)은 최대 106.4kg H2SO4/t(BS-78)으로 나타났다. 일부 시료들에서 pH 측정값이 3 정도로 매우 낮고 EC1:2 측정값이 수백 μS/cm의 염도를 보유한다. 특히 pH1:2 및 EC1:2가 최소 2.27 및 최대 648μS/cm로 측정되는데 이러한 지구화학적 특성은 현장에서 이미 황화광물 산화작용이 상당히 진행된 것을 의미한다. 순 산발생(Net Acid Generation pH : NAGpH) 및 순 산발생 잠재력(Net Acid Producing Potential: NAPP) 자료를 이용하여 ARD 발생 가능 암석을 판별한 결과 BS-02-1, BS-07, BS-14, BS-15, BS-20, BS-30, BS-78-1 등의 시료들이 ARD 발생이 가능한 것으로 예측되었다.
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