Extraction of mangiferin from Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) using subcritical water

Wan-Joo Kim,김재덕,Bambang Veriansyah,Youn-Woo Lee,김재훈 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.3

A pharmacological active component, mangiferin, was extracted from Mahkota Dewa using subcritical water extraction. The subcritical water extractions were carried out at temperatures ranging 323–423 K,pressures ranging 0.7–4.0 MPa, and extraction times ranging 1–7 h. Extraction yield of mangiferin was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction yield was strongly dependent on the temperature while weakly dependent on the extraction pressure. As the extraction temperature increased, the extraction mangiferin yield increased, possibly resulting from the decrease in polarity of subcritical water at higher temperature. At an optimal extraction condition of 373 K, 4.0 MPa and extraction time of 5 h, the extraction yield of mangiferin was 21.7 mg/g. This value was close to the extraction yield with methanol (25.0 mg/g) and higher than those with water (18.6 mg/g) or ethanol (13.2 mg/g) at their boiling points. 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

Pilot-scale subcritical water extraction of flavonoids from satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Markovich) peel

Ko, M.J.,Kwon, H.L.,Chung, M.S. Elsevier Science 2016 INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Vol. No.

The effects of operating parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, material type, solute/solvent ratio, and pressure) on the subcritical water extraction of flavonoids from dried satsuma mandarin peel were studied. From the practical aspect, the optimum conditions for obtaining flavonoids by pilot-scale subcritical water extraction were as follows: extraction temperature of 130<SUP>o</SUP>C, extraction time of 15min, and solute/solvent ratio of 1/34. The yields of flavonoids obtained under laboratory and pilot conditions were similar: 117.8 and 113.4mg/g satsuma mandarin peel, respectively. The proportion of flavonoids recovered by subcritical water extraction in the pilot plant was 96.3%, and large-scale experiments using this method demonstrate its potential industrial applications. Industrial relevance: This study used a pilot-scale subcritical water extraction (SWE) plant (8L scale) for the scale-up and commercialization of the SWE process that extracts antioxidant flavonoids from agricultural by-products such as Citrus unshiu Markovich. SWE is excellent technology to selectively extract flavonoids using temperature-dependent dielectric constant properties of water. The flavonoid yield from the pilot-scale SWE was similar to that obtained from laboratory-scale SWE. These results indicate that SWE is an efficient and rapid method for extracting flavonoids, and a safer product only using purified water. This method can be easily implemented on an industrial scale.

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

박성희,김재형,민상기,조연지,천지연 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170°C, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of ≤ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addi- tion of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Park, Sung Hee,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Min, Sang-Gi,Jo, Yeon-Ji,Chun, Ji-Yeon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Sung Hee Park,Jae Hyeong Kim,Sang Gi Min,Yeon Ji Jo,Ji Yeon Chun 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170°C, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of ≤ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

편백 잎 아임계 수 추출물의 항염, 항균 및 항산화 활성

김정은,엘김민정,문지영,김정미,오태헌,이남호 한국응용과학기술학회 2024 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.41 No.3

본 연구에서는 편백나무(Chamaecyparis obtusa) 잎 아임계 수 추출물의 항염, 항균 및 항산화효능을 열수 추출물과 비교 분석하였다. 아임계 수 추출물 중 165℃ 이상의 조건으로 추출한 아임계 수 추출물의 수율이 39.4~48.5%로 열수 추출물(31.5%) 보다 높게 나타났다. Lipopolysaccaride (LPS)로 자극된 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용한 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물이 세포독성 없이 농도 의존적으로 NO의 생성을 저해시키는 효과가 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 Cutibacterium acnes 및 Staphylococcus epidermidis를 이용한 항균 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물이 열수 추출물보다효능이 우수하게 나타났다. DPPH 및 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 소거 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물의 라디칼 소거능이 열수 추출물과 유사하게 나타났으며, 아임계 수 추출물(165℃, 80 bar)은 과산화수소(H2O2)로유도된 세포 손상에 대한 세포보호 효과를 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 편백나무 잎 아임계 수추출물은 항염, 항균 및 항산화 효과를 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로써 활용 가능할 것이라 사료된다. In this study, the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative activities of subcritical water extract from Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves was compared with hot water extract. The yield of subcritical water extract (165℃ and 180℃, 80 bar) was 39.4~48.5%, higher than 31.5% of hot water extract. In the anti-inflammatory tests using lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, the subcritical water extract concentration-dependently inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) without causing cell toxicity. Upon the anti-bacterial studies using Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, subcritical water extract showed the stronger activity than hot water extract. In addition, DPPH and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity experiments showed that the radical scavenging activity of subcritical water extract was similar to that of hot water extract. Moreover, in the study of cell protection effect using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the subcritical water extract (165℃, 80 bar) indicated protective effect against oxidative stress. These results suggested that the subcritical water extract of C. obtusa leaves as natural ingredients could be used as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

Remediation of PAHs contaminated soil by extraction using subcritical water

Islam, M.N.,Jo, Y.T.,Park, J.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2012 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.18 No.5

The remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil has been investigated by extraction using continuous flowing subcritical water. Water temperature ranging from 100 to 300<SUP>o</SUP>C, extraction time ranging from 15 to 60min, and flow rate ranging from 0.5 to 2.0mL/min were investigated to determine their effect on the removal efficiencies of target PAHs. More than 95% extraction of the phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene from contaminated soil was observed at 300<SUP>o</SUP>C for 30min and 250<SUP>o</SUP>C for 60min at a constant pressure of 100bar. However, naphthalene was almost completely extracted only at a comparatively low temperature of 150<SUP>o</SUP>C and extraction time of up to 30min and a pressure of 100bar. The subcritical water flow rate of 0.5mL/min was recommendable in this study. The extraction efficiency of PAHs was extremely dependent on water temperature, since the dielectric constant (polarity) of water could be dramatically lowered by raising the water temperature. These results suggest that soils contaminated by persistent organic chemicals such as PAHs can be easily remediated by extraction using pure water under a high temperature without any modification.

아임계수 추출 기술을 이용한 흑후추 추출물의 유효성분 및 산화방지 평가

이하연,고민정 한국식품과학회 2023 한국식품과학회지 Vol.55 No.2

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is an eco-friendly extraction technique using only water as the solvent. The extraction of less-polar compounds is possible by altering the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of water. This study analyzed the concentration of piperine, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in black pepper extracts obtained via subcritical water extraction. The piperine concentration (6.63±0.65 mg/g) was maximized with extraction at 200oC for 20 min. The black pepper extraction via the SWE method demonstrated a higher piperine yield than that using extraction solvents (such as ethanol) and hot water. The total phenolics (85.39±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/ g), total flavonoids (18.27±0.18 mg quercetin equivalent/g), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical scavenging activity (97.38±0.52%) were maximal at extraction conditions of 200oC and 20 min. In conclusion, the SWE technique could be an alternative to the method using organic solvents for extracting bioactive compounds.

The feasibility of recovering oil from contaminated soil at petroleum oil spill site using a subcritical water extraction technology

Islam, Mohammad Nazrul,Jung, Sun-Kook,Jung, Ho-Young,Park, Jeong-Hun Elsevier 2017 PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Vol.111 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effective disposal of oily solid waste has received widespread attention due to its complex combination of various petroleum hydrocarbons, water, heavy metals and solid particles. Removal/recovering oil from such waste can be a feasible option. In this study, a subcritical water extraction (SWE) process was used to remove and recover oil from oil-contaminated soil. Under the experimental conditions (90min extraction at 260°C at the gauge pressure of 8MPa and the water-to-soil ratio of 3:1), we achieved an oil removal efficiency of about 86% in the soil residue after extraction and we recovered approximately 39% of the oil. The possible presence of organic compounds in the recovered oil indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra was consistent with the gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, which was composed of various aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of the recovered oil were also measured. The fuel characteristics of the recovered oil had similar fuel characteristics as commercial crude oil. These characteristics included density, specific gravity, element composition and heating value. The results showed that SWE treatment has the potential to remove and recover oil from oily contaminated soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subcritical water was used to remove and recover oil from contaminated soil. </LI> <LI> Performance of subcritical water extraction at 260°C in the removal of TPH was 86%. </LI> <LI> Another promising result was the oil recycling rate of 39%. </LI> <LI> Subcritical water extraction process recovered worth quality oil. </LI> <LI> This technique is useful for both oil recovery and solid disposal approaches. </LI> </UL> </P>

아임계수 추출에서 6-gingerol의 6-shogaol 전환을 위한 생강 건조 조건 최적화

고민정,남화현,정명수 한국식품과학회 2019 한국식품과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

6-gingerol can be converted to 6-shogaol, one of the predominant active compounds found in ginger, via processing such as drying and extraction. Subcritical water extraction is the environmentally friendly method of extraction of bioactive compounds using only purified water as a solvent. This study investigated subcritical water extraction (190oC, 15 min) of 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol from dried ginger (Zingiber officinale) including drying conditions such as temperature (room temperature, 60, 80oC, and freeze drying) and time duration for drying (1-4 h). The amount of 6- gingerol was found to be reduced, and that of 6-shogaol was found to be increased depending upon the water content of dried ginger. Upon oven-drying ginger at 60oC for 2 h, the maximum yields of 6-gingerol (0.18±0.02 mg/g fresh weight), and 6-shogaol (0.47±0.02 mg/g fresh weight) were obtained upon subcritical water extraction.