Spectrum of chronic small bowel diarrhea with malabsorption in Indian subcontinent: is the trend really changing?

( Nirav Pipaliya ),( Meghraj Ingle ),( Chetan Rathi ),( Prateik Poddar ),( Nilesh Pandav ),( Prabha Sawant ) 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.1

This study aimed to document the recent etiological spectrum of chronic diarrhea with malabsorption and also to compare features that differentiate tropical sprue from parasitic infections, the two most common etiologies of malabsorption in the tropics. Methods: We analyzed 203 consecutive patients with malabsorption. The etiological spectrum and factors that differentiated tropical sprue from parasitic infections were analyzed. Results: The most common etiology was tropical sprue (n=98, 48.3%) followed by parasitic infections (n=25, 12.3%) and tuberculosis (n=22, 10.8%). Other causes were immunodeficiency (n=15, 7.3%; 12 with human immunodeficiency virus and 3 with hypogammaglobulinemia), celiac disease (n=11, 5.4%), Crohn’s disease (n=11, 5.4%), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (n=11, 5.4%), hyperthyroidism (n=4, 1.9%), diabetic diarrhea (n=4, 1.9%), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=3, 1.4%), metastatic carcinoid (n=1, 0.5%) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (n=1, 0.5%). On multivariate analysis, features that best differentiated tropical sprue from parasitic infections were larger stool volume (P =0.009), severe weight loss (P =0.02), knuckle hyperpigmentation (P =0.008), low serum B12 levels (P =0.05), high mean corpuscular volume (P =0.003), reduced height or scalloping of the duodenal folds on endoscopy (P =0.003) and villous atrophy on histology (P =0.04). Presence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms like bloating, nausea and vomiting predicted parasitic infections (P =0.01). Conclusions: Tropical sprue and parasitic infections still dominate the spectrum of malabsorption in India. Severe symptoms and florid malabsorption indicate tropical sprue while the presence of upper GI symptoms indicates parasitic infections. (Intest Res 2016;14:75-82)

강원지역에서 사육되는 소의 내부기생충 감염실태조사

정기수 ( Ki Soo Cheong ),김지태 ( Ji Tae Kim ),이민재 ( Min Jae Lee ),정배동 ( Bae Dong Jung ),안동춘 ( Dong Choon Ahn ),김종택 ( Jong Taek Kim ),김현철 ( Hyeon Cheol Kim ) 한국동물위생학회 2007 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.30 No.1

Parasites cause great economic loss in livestock in Korea, and can be categorized as either or indirect losses. In order to monitor the parasites from October 2005 to January 2006, 401 samples were randomly collected from cattle farms and examined the prevalence of gastro-intestinal(GI) parasites by using the sucrose flotation method and formalin-ether centrifugation method. The overall infection rate of GI parasites was about 43.4%. Of these parasites, nematodes were identified as Capillaria bovis (5.5%), Strongyloides papillosus (2.5%), Trichuris discolor (1.2%). Cestoda was observed only one species, Moniezia benedeni (2.2%). The rate of Eimeria spp was 39.2%. A total of five species of Eimeria was identified; among the species identified as above E bovis and E zuernii appeared with relatively higher infection rates. The combined infection of parasites was 35.2% in single species, 29.0% in double and 2.0% in triple infections. No cases of clinical symptoms were observed in this survey. The EPG levels of each species of parasites were very low in all infected cases.

Prevalence and Co-infection of Intestinal Parasites among Thai Rural Residents at High-risk of Developing Cholangiocarcinoma: A Cross-sectional Study in a Prospective Cohort Study

Songserm, Nopparat,Promthet, Supannee,Wiangnon, Surapon,Sithithaworn, Paiboon Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still important to the health of Thai rural residents. IPIs are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among Northeastern Thai rural residents, recruited into the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (KKCS), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for developing CCA. On recruitment, subjects had completed questionnaires and provided fecal samples for IPI testing using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Data on selected general characteristics and the results of the fecal tests were analysed. IPI test results were available for 18,900 of cohort subjects, and 38.50% were found to be positive for one or more types of intestinal parasite. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection was the highest (45.7%), followed by intestinal flukes (31.9%), intestinal nematodes (17.7%), intestinal protozoa (3.02%), and intestinal cestodes (1.69%). The pattern of different infections was similar in all age groups. According to a mapping analysis, a higher CCA burden was correlated with a higher prevalence of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes and a greater intensity of O. viverrini. Both prevention and control programs against liver fluke and other intestinal parasites are needed and should be delivered simultaneously. We can anticipate that the design of future control and prevention programmes will accommodate a more community-orientated and participatory approach.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among in Children Ilam Town, West Iran

( Soghra Viesy ),( Amin Jaydari ),( Maryam Hataminejad ),( Marzieh Shadpirouz ),( Iman Pouladi ) 대한소아감염학회 2023 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.30 No.3

Purpose: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. According to the literature, children are more likely to get infected due to more frequent exposure to sources of infection. Methods: In this study, we collected 500 fecal samples from children under 15 years of age who referred to labs in Ilam city. All samples were microscopically examined using formalin-ether concentration and Trichrome staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Among 500 investigated samples, 4 types of parasites were detected. Giardia lamblia, Entameba coli, and Blastocystis hominis were identified as intestinal protozoa, and pinworm as intestinal worm. In this study, 23 cases (4.6%) had parasitic infections. 13 patients (2.6%) were infected with Giardia parasite, 4 patients (0.8%) with E. coli, 3 patients (0.6%) with B. hominis and 3 patients (0.6%) had pinworms. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of IPIs among children aged under 15 years in Ilam is relatively down, which can be attributed of sufficient information of parents and children about the modes of parasite transmission and the important role of carriers in the pathogen cycle

전북지방 톱밥발효돈사 사육돈의 내부기생충감염조사

양홍지 ( Hong Ji Yang ),서창섭 ( Chang Sub Seo ),윤여백 ( Yea Baek Yoon ),박태욱 ( Tae Wook Park ),최은영 ( Eun Young Choi ),김성훈 ( Seong Hun Kim ) 한국동물위생학회 1994 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.17 No.1

In order to investigate the internal parasitic infection, fecal samples were collected from weaning pig(n=l23), porker(n=418) and sow(n=121) in 49 sawdust fermentative pigsty of Chonbuk district. The prevalence and identification of internal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and/or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 662 fecal samples was 86.6%. 2. The infection rate of parasite-egg 96.4% in porker, 76.9% in sow, 62.6% in weaning pig, in order. 3. In the concern of mixed infection such as single, double triple and quadraple, the rate was 42.3%, 28.7%, 12.2% and 3.3%, respectively. 4. Ten kinds of the detected eggs were isolated from 662 fecal samples. They were classified as Balantidium coli(63.6%), Trichuris suis(24.8%), isospora spp.(23.5%), Oesophangostomum spp.(17.8%), Ascaris suum(11.8%), Hyostrongylus rubidus(2.8%), Strongyloides spp.(1.7%), Gnathostoma spp.(1.5%), Stephanurus dentatus(1.3%) and Metastrongylus spp.(0.7%), in order.

한국 고대 기생충과 질병

전용호(Jeon, Yong-Ho),서민석(Seo, Min-Seok),홍종하(Hong, Jong-Ha) 한국고대사학회 2021 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.- No.102

삼국~통일신라시대의 화장실 관련 생활유적에서 검출된 기생충은 고고학(+문헌사), 생물학, 의학 관련 연구자들의 융복합연구로 과거 사람들의 삶을 이해함에 중요한 자료로 받아들여지고 있다. 그리고 기생충은 고대인들의 식생활이나 질병 등을 살펴볼 수 있는 자료이기도 하다. 인분을 활용한 농경이나 오수 처리 시스템 등과 같은 도시환경이나 경관까지도 폭넓게 파악할 수가 있다. 또한 기생충의 DNA 추출 등 새로운 자연과학적 분석을 적용하여 기생충의 진화 과정을 복원하여 질병의 역사적 흐름을 추적하는데 상당히 유익하다. 기생충의 검출이 곧바로 ‘화장실’이라고 단정하는데 신중해야 한다. 기생충은 도시의 오수 처리와 관련한 시설에서도 검출되기도 한다. 화장실이 아니라 분뇨를 폐기하는 시설도 존재할 수 있다. 기존에 수세식 화장실로 보아왔던 유구에 대해서도 재검토가 필요하다. 고대에서부터 20세기까지도 분뇨는 地力을 높일 수 있는 유용한 비료로 활용되어 왔다. 기생충에 의한 감염은 분뇨를 비료로 이용한 농경으로 일어날 수도 있다. 화장실은 인류 역사와 함께했다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 과거부터 인간은 음식을 먹는것뿐만 아니라 배설의 중요성도 인식하였기에 농경사회로 전환됨과 동시에 거주지에서의 화장실 존재가 필요했다. 하지만 고대 사회는 사람의 분변을 활용한 농경법의 발달과 더불어 비위생적인 하수처리, 잦은 하수의 범람 등 다양한 조건에 기생충에 노출되었을 것으로 추정된다. 기생충은 화장실에서뿐만 아니라 다양한 조건으로 과거부터 현재까지 우리 인간과 접촉되어 있으며, 우리의 생활 패턴과 거주문화에 따라 그 양상도 달라진다. 국내외 사례에서 보더라도 인구가 밀집한 지역, 강의 범람, 농경지나 정원 등에서는 화장실 유구가 아니더라도 고대 기생충의 흔적을 찾을 수 있는 기회가 많다. 이러한 경향을 근거로 향후 고고학적 유적의 토양과 퇴적물을 심도 있게 관찰, 조사, 연구하여 고대 사회의 음식문화, 유통경로, 공중위생, 질병관계 등을 이해하고 발전시켜 한반도 고대사의 새로운 이정표가 되길 기대한다. The parasites detected in residential remains related to toilets from the Period of Three States to Unified Silla Period are estimated to be important in understanding the life of ancient people as multidisciplinary research related to archaeology (+bibliographic history), biology, and medical science. Parasites are important for investigating the diets and diseases that infected ancient people. They enable the extensive identification of the urban environment or landscape, including farming using excrement or waste from sewage treatment systems. Furthermore, parasites are very useful in tracking the historic trend of diseases due to the evolution process of parasites by applying new natural scientific analysis techniques, including the DNA extraction of parasites. Care must be taken when concluding that parasites are found in ‘toilets’. Parasites can be also detected in the facilities related to the sewage treatment facilities in a town. The facility treating excrement might exist instead of toilets. It is also required to reanalyze the remains which were considered as a flush toilet in the past. Excrement was used as an effective fertilizer, enhancing the fertility of soil, from ancient times to the 20<SUP>th</SUP> century. It should be considered that infections by parasites were based on farming using excrement as fertilizer. It’s not too much to say that toilets were always in human history. Since people recognized the importance of excretion, as much as having food , toilets was required for residential sites as the farming society grew. However, it is estimated that ancient society was exposed to parasites in various conditions, including from unsanitary sewage treatment and the frequent flooding of sewage along with the development of agricultural technology using human excrement. Parasites have had close contact with human beings from the past until now in diverse conditions, including in toilets. The forms of parasites vary depending on the lifestyles and residential culture of human beings. There will be lots of opportunity to find traces of ancient parasites in densely populated areas, flood planes of rivers, farmland, or gardens in Korea and abroad, with some places even having except toilet remains. Accordingly, it is expected that the analysis of results from this study may be a new milestone in the ancient history of the Korean peninsula by observing, investigating, and analyzing the soil and deposits in archaeologic remains in depth and thus understanding and developing food culture, public hygiene, and disease relationships in ancient society in the future.

강 유역 주민들의 간흡충 감염 경험

김희걸,전경자,김숙영,박명숙,김춘미 지역사회간호학회 2010 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe clonorchis sinensis infection experience in high risk populations living in riverside areas. The research question was "How do local residents perceive Clonorchiasis and how are they infected with the parasite". Methods: Qualitative data were collected by focus group interviews with 16 participants from January to February, 2009. All the interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by the content analysis method. Results: Five main categories were conceptualized, which were "lacking in understanding of Clonorchiasis," "culture of the rural community," "life style," "recovering experience from infection" and "change of health behavior." Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that residents are infected with Clonorchiasis through interaction between individual and group risky factors. Therefore, it is important to develop effective health education programs on both individual and group levels to prevent infection with Clonorchiasis.

동해산 오징어, Todarodes pacificus 기생충 감염 예

김영혜,강용주,박주석,KIM Yeong Hye,KANG Yong Joo,PARK Joo Seok 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

The common squid, Todarodes pacificus was infected by parasites. The parasites may be infective to humans if common squid are eaten raw as 'sashimi' or 'sushi'. The species of the parasites in host, T. pacificus were Tentacularia sp., Orygmatobothrim sp. and Ponocaecum sp.. The prevalence, relative density and mean intensity of three parasites were $100.00\%$, 24.13 and 24.13 respectively.

Cardiac Parasitic Infection in Trichinellosis Associated with Right Ventricle Outflow Tract Obstruction

방승호,박재범,지현근,김준석,고성민,김완섭,신제균 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2014 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.47 No.2

Here, we present a rare case of cardiac parasitic infection found in an adult female patient who had the symptoms of dyspnea upon exertion. She was diagnosed with a double-chambered right ventricle due to infundibular hypertrophy confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography. We performed surgery of infundibulectomy around the pulmonary valve. In the end, histopathological findings of the resected infundibular muscle demonstrated trichinellosis, a type of roundworm infection.

서부경남지역의 두드러기 및 소양증 환자들에 있어서 기생충 감염의 빈도와 혈중 호산구 및 IgE치에 관한 연구

박기범,이호성 慶尙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.2

Urticaria and pruritus are chronically itching and disablingdermatoses. Sometimes, parasitoses can induce severe itching and blood eosinophilia in such patients. We perfomed to eIucidate whether some parasitoses can be causes of urticaria and pruritus among peoples living in west Geyongsangnam-do area, because this area has higher prevalences of parasit-es. We analyzed the prevalences of parasites, blood eosinophil counts and percentages, ser-um IgE Ievels in 61 urticaria patients, 20 pruritus patients, and 31 other dermatoses con-trol Iiving in this area. The results are as follows: 1. Prevalence of parasitoses is 29.5% which is relatively higher than those of other areas. 2. Patients with past history of eating raw fresh water fishes showed higher infestation than those without history. 3. Blood eosinophilia were seen among groups of pruritus and control with parasites, and acute urticaria patients group showed very low eosinophils. 4. Serum IgE levels were much increased in the groups with chronic urticaria and pru-ritus infested with parasites, and also increased in the groups with acute urticaria and dermographism free of parasites. Key Word: Parasite Infections, Blood Elood Eosinopholia, Serum IgE, Urticaria, Pruritus.