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К вопросу о комизме в прозе Леонида Добычина
김준석 충북대학교 러시아 • 알타이지역 연구소 2024 러시아학 Vol.- No.29
В настоящей статье рассматриваются эстетика и приемы создания комического в романе Л.И. Добычина «Город Эн». По мнению автора статьи, использование термина «ирония» в литературном мире Добычина условно. Это связано с тем, что «перегибы», «дистанцирование» и «злоба», проявляющиеся в ироническом дискурсе, в произведениях Л.И. Добычина смягчаются и компенсируются лирическими эмоциями, что определяет оценку многочисленных комедийных приемов в творчестве Добычина. В романе «Город Эн» (1935) комизм основан на столкновении двух противоположных логик и достигается путем использования таких приемов, как цитирование, портретная характеристика, искажение широко известных текстов и многих тругих традиционных приемов комического. Однако юмор Л.И. Добычина заметно отличается от юмора других русских писателей 1920-1930-х гг. Аура, создаваемая комическими приемами в романе «Город Эн», более сдержанна и мрачна по характеру. Ещё одним отличием является глубокая вовлеченность писателя в комические конфликты своего произведения, которая минимизирует «ироническую дистанцию» между автором и происходящими в романе событиями. This article examines the aesthetics and techniques of creating comedy in Leonid Dobychin’s novel The Town of N (1935). According to the author of the article, the use of the term “irony” in Dobychin’s literary world is conditional. This is due to the fact that “exaggerations,” “distancing,” and “malice,” which appear in ironic discourse, are softened and compensated by lyrical emotions in Dobychin’s works, defining the assessment of numerous comedic techniques in his oeuvre. In the novel The Town of N, the comedy is based on the clash of two opposing logics and is achieved by using techniques such as quoting, portrait characterization, distorting well-known texts, and many other traditional comic methods. However, Leonid Dobychin’s humor is noticeably different from that of other Russian writers of the 1920s and 1930s. The aura created by the comedic techniques in The Town of N is more restrained and somber in nature. Another difference is the deep involvement of the writer in the comic conflicts of his work, which minimizes the “ironic distance” between the author and the events in the novel.
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김준석 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1995 Journal of Chest Surgery Vol.28 No.11
Between September 1988 and December 1993, 32 cases of benign esophageal stricture, of which 12 males and 20 females, were managed in Seoul National University Hospital hospital. Their age ranged from 2 to 61 years, and the mean age was 33.9 years. The ingestion of caustic agent was the most common cause, and the caustic material was acid in 16 patients [58% and alkali in 11patients [39% . Nearly all of the patients complained of dysphagia, and some of chest pain, epigastric pain, weight loss, vomiting, general malaise, and dyspnea. The most frequent site of stricture was found in the upper thoracic esophagus with 34% incidence followed by the lower thoracic esophagus[28% , whole esophagus[19% , and the mid esophagus[16% . The operations performed were 17[53% ECG[esophagocologastrostomy , 5[16% PCG[pharyngocologastrostomy , 5[16% EG[esophagogastrostomy , 2 EJG [esophagojejunogastrostormy by free jejunal graft , and 1 case each of EJ [esophagojejunostomy , esophageal end to end anastomosis, jejunostomy only, and gastrostomy only. In 23 patients [72% , diseased esophaguses were resected, using transhiatal total esophagectomy in 15 [47% and transthoracic partial esophagectomy in 8 [25% . Of those 23 patients, 3 patients [9.4% were diagnosed as esophageal carsinoma on microscopic examination. The postoperative most common complications were unilateral vocal cord palsy in 6 patients [19% , followed by cervical anastomosis leakage in 4 patients [12.5% , wound infection in 2 patients [6% , and pneumothorax in 2 patients [6% . Late death occurred 8 months after the operation in one patient, which was associated with infection due to anastomotic leakage. Our experience shows that the rate of mortality and the morbidity were low in patients receiving surgical management for esophageal stricture and that the cancer transformation rate was high. We recommend esophageal reconstruction surgery with esophagectomy [transhiatal or transthoracic for the esophageal stricture because it can avoid a chance of prevent cancer transformation.
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구근이 형성된 지반네일로 보강된 지반네일 보강토체의 보강효과
김준석,이강일 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 2012 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.2
The soil nailing method has been developed on the basis of experimental works as well as theoretical backgrounds. As for the experimental research works, most of the data have been measured during the application of load in service. However, not only the soil-nailed structure behavior in service but also the failure behavior of the structure is the major concern to evaluate and even establish a design method of soil-nailed walls. In this paper for the apprehension of behavior in the soil-nailed structure by a nail shaped like a bulb , a relatively large-scale experiment was carried out to figure out the failure behavior of soil-nailed wall. A number of data have been acquired and analyzed. 지반네일 보강방법은 이론적 뒷받침과 함께 경험적인 작업을 기초로 발전되어 왔다. 경험적인 연구 작업에서 대부분의 자료가 실질적으로 사용되는 하중 조건에서 계측 되어 왔다. 그러나, 지반네일 보강토체에 대한 사용 하중 내에서의 거동 뿐 아니라 구조물의 파괴 거동도 설계방법의 확립과 계산에 중요한 대상이 된다. 본 논문에서는 끝부분에 구근이 형성된 네일에 의하여 보강된 지반네일 보강토체의 거동을 이해하기 위하여 비교적 큰 규모의 실험을 실시하여 분석하였다.
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