Prediction of suitable feeding habitat for fishes in a stream using physical habitat simulations

Kim, Seung Ki,Choi, Sung-Uk Elsevier 2018 Ecological modelling Vol.385 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presented the suitable feeding habitat for target fish species using physical habitat simulations for both fishes and macroinvertebrates. The suitable feeding habitat is a novel concept for the fish habitat that guarantees a certain level of feeding condition as well as the suitability of the physical habitat. The study site is a 0.9 km long reach of the Gongneung-cheon Stream, which is a tributary of the Han-gang River in Korea. Three dominant fish species were selected as target fishes such as <I>Rhinogobius brunneus</I>, <I>Zacco platypus</I>, and <I>Pseudogobio esocinus</I>. In order to consider the feeding condition of these fishes, <I>Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi</I>, <I>Chironomidae</I>, <I>Baetis fuscatus</I>, and <I>Cheumatopsyche brevilineata</I> were selected as target macroinvertebrates. Physical habitat simulations were carried out for both fishes and macroinvertebrates, and the distributions of the suitable feeding habitat for the target fishes were provided. It was shown that the suitable feeding habitat properly represents the quality of the target fishes’ habitats. Then, the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and Weighted epi-Benthic Feeding Area (WBFA) for target fishes were compared, and the results indicated that WBFA predicts fish abundance better than WUA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study presented the suitable feeding habitat for target fish species using PHS. </LI> <LI> HSCs for the macroinvertebrates were constructed using monitoring data. </LI> <LI> The CSI distributions for fishes and macroinvertebrates were obtained. </LI> <LI> The distributions of the suitable feeding habitat for the target fishes were presented. </LI> <LI> WBFA predicted fish abundance better than WUA in the study area. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Suitable feeding habitats for target fishes were presented using physical habitat simulations for both fishes and macroinvertebrates.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Development of a habitat suitability index for the habitat restoration of Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurusawa

장래하,김선령,정진우,Tho Jae-Hwa,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km2 of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km2 of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km2 of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

서식지 적합 지수를 이용한 멸종위기식물 단양쑥부쟁이와 층층둥굴레의 대체서식지 평가

이보은,김정욱,김남일,김재근 한국습지학회 2017 한국습지학회지 Vol.19 No.4

4대강 사업 공사로 인해 한강수계에서 자생하던 멸종위기 야생생물 II급인 단양쑥부쟁이와 층층둥굴레의 서식지가 소실되어 이에 대한 대안으로 대체서식지가 조성되었다. 본 연구에서는 조성된 대체서식지가 각 종의 서식에 적합 한지를 파악하기 위하여 서식지 적합 지수(Habitat Suitability Index; HSI)를 이용하였다. 2015년 10월부터 2016년 7월까지 경기도 여주 강천섬과 섬강 일대에 위치한 단양쑥부쟁이 대체서식지와 강천섬과 충북 충주 영죽지구에 위 치한 층층둥굴레 대체서식지를 대상으로 HSI를 평가하였다. 단양쑥부쟁이의 평가 변수로는 서식 기질(매몰되지 않 은 자갈의 비율), 고도 범위, 토양 양분, 광 조건 4가지를 선정하였고, 층층둥굴레는 토성, 광 조건, 동반 위해종의 피도 3가지를 선정하여 HSI를 이용한 대체서식지 적합성 평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 강천섬의 단양쑥부쟁이 (HSI = 0.839)와 층층둥굴레(HSI = 0.846)의 대체서식지 모두 비교적 높은 적합지수를 나타내었으나, 섬강 일대의 단양쑥부쟁이 대체서식지와 영죽지구의 층층둥굴레 대체서식지는 대체서식지로서 적합하지 않음으로 판단되었다 (HSI = 0). 또한 이들 부적합한 대체서식지의 경우, 자생지 인근에서 서식에 적합한 장소를 새로이 선정하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 식물종에 대해 HSI를 적용한 국내 최초의 시도로, 식물 서식처에 대한 HSI의 효용성을 증명하였다. As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

물리적 교란 저감을 위한 안정하도의 설계와 서식적합도 분석

이웅희(Woong Hee Lee),문형근(Hyong Geun Moon),최흥식(Heung Sik Choi) 응용생태공학회 2017 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.4 No.3

본 연구는 원주천을 대상으로 안정하도 설계에 따른 하상변동 양상을 분석하여 물리적 교란과 서식적합도 (Habitat suitability, HS)를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 현재의 원주천 대상구간에 대한 안정하도 평가 결과 총 20개 구간 중 17개 구간이 안정하였으며, 3개 구간이 불안정한 것으로 나타났다. 물리적 교란개선 평가 (Physical disturbance improvement evaluation, PDIE) 결과 구간평균 112.17점으로 현재 양호한 교란개선 상태를 나타냈다. 어류의 물리서식처 분석은 원주천의 최우점종인 참갈겨니의 서식적합지수를 이용하였다. 물리서식처 분석 결과 HS는 0.16, 가중가용면적 (Weighted usable area, WUA)은 347.68 ㎡으로 나타났다. 불안정하도의 안정하도 설계를 위해서 시설물의 개선·도입·철거와 하도를 준설하는 방법을 이용하였으며, 하상변동 양상에 따른 PDIE와 서식적합도의 변화를 분석하였다. 시설물의 개선·도입·철거 시 19개 구간에서 안정하도 설계가 가능하였으며, PDIE는 117.53점, HS는 0.14, WUA는 313.37 ㎡로 나타났다. 하도의 준설 시 20개 전구간에서 안정하도 설계가 가능하였다. PDIE는 116.50점으로 나타났으며, HS는 0.16, WUA는 332.14 ㎡으로 나타났다. 따라서 원주천의 물리적 건전성과 안정성을 제고할 수 있는 하도설계방안을 도출하였으며, 그에 따른 물리적 교란과 물리서식처의 변화는 영향이 없을 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러 물리적 교란과 물리서식처의 상관 분석을 위해 구간별 유속과 수심 및 여울과 소의 출현 빈도를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 여울과 소의 분석은 물리서식처의 평가결과와 유사하게 나타남을 확인하였다. This study analyzed the aspect of bed change according to the stable channel design on the Wonju River to quantitatively evaluate habitat suitability (HS). According to the result of evaluating stable channel of object section in the Wonju River, 17 sections among total 20 sections were stable and 3 sections were unstable. Physical disturbance improvement evaluation (PDIE) was the range average showed good disturbance condition with a range average of 112.17 points. Habitat suitability index of Zacco Koreanus, the most dominant species of the Wonju River, was used for analysis of physical habitat for fish. According to the physical habitat analysis result, HS was 0.16 and weighted usable area (WUA) was 347.68 ㎡. The methods of improving/introducing/removing structures and dredging stream channel were used for stable channel design of unstable channel, and analyzed PDIE according to the aspect of bed change and changes in habitat suitability. Stable channel design was possible in 19 sections in times of structures improvement/introduction/removal, and PDIE was 117.53 points, HS was 0.14 points, and WUA was 313.37 ㎡. Stable channel design was possible in all 20 sections when dredging the stream channel. PDIE was 116.50 points, HS was 0.16, and WUA was 332.14 ㎡. Therefore, this study obtained channel design measures that can improve physical soundness and stability of the Wonju River, and it was analyzed that it will have no impact on changes of physical disturbance and physical habitat. Furthermore, this study analyzed velocity and depth of each section and appearance frequency of riffle and pool to analyze correlation between physical disturbance and physical habitat. According to the analysis result, it was identified that the analysis of riffle and pool showed similar result as the evaluation result of physical habitat.

서식지 선호도 및 품질 평가 모형의 신뢰성 개선: 한국 고라니의 경우

정지향,김성수 한국신뢰성학회 2022 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: Predicting the occurrence of wild species at the landscape level is a crucial task for environmental managers and conservation biologists. Modeling and evaluating wildlife habitat quality based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique provides new opportunities for enhancing model predictability. Methods: We developed a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in Chungnam province, Korea, where they are a significant cause of damage to vegetables and crops. The model was based primarily on logistic regression analysis and was used to assess the impact of multiple variables, such as landscape patterns and structures, topographic characteristics, and human disturbance, on habitat suitability for the species. After developing the model, we employed it to produce a habitat-suitability map. Results: The HSI model yielded a p-value of 0.339 (χ² = 9.033) and a 74.0% correct prediction rate for the overall predicted data. The model also demonstrated that 42.4% of the province is covered in poor-quality habitat, while Korean water deer prefer fair-quality habitats (mean HSI = 0.50). In addition, the observation probability increased when HSI values rose, meaning that the model has good predictive power. Conclusion: Associations between landscape patterns and habitat requirements could be utilized to build accurate, easy-to-apply, predictive models for the habitats of wild species. The HSI model and habitat-suitability map provide solid foundations on which to build effective wildlife management and Agri-Environment policies with local governments to conserve endangered species.

Developing and testing a habitat suitability index model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and its potential for landscape management decisions in Korea

Jung, Jihyang,Shimizu, Yo,Omasa, Kenji,Kim, Sungsu,Lee, Sangdon The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2016 Animal cells and systems Vol.20 No.4

Geographic information system (GIS) and landscape-level data offer a new opportunity for modeling and evaluating the quality of wildlife habitats. Models of habitat quality have not been developed for some species, and existing models could be improved by incorporating updated information on wildlife-habitat relationships and habitat variables. We developed a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model for the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), which often causes human-wildlife conflicts in the Chungnam Province of Korea because of industrialization and urbanization. The model is based on logistic regression analysis, which addresses the impact of multiple habitat variables, such as habitat components, topographic characteristics, and human disturbances. The model yielded a p-value of .289 (<TEX>${\chi}^2=9.672$</TEX>) and 65.4% correct prediction level with the overall observation-prediction comparison data. The model demonstrated that a large portion of the province (61.6%) could be regarded as a poor habitat (mean HSI value of the province = 0.22), while the current habitats of the province could be considered of moderate quality (mean HSI value = 0.31). In addition, the chance of observation of the deer increases as the HSI level increases, which means that the model yields a good predictive power. Lastly, we used the model to produce a habitat suitability map. Our HSI model enabled us to quantify habitat preferences, which could be the basis for decision-making on habitat protection, mitigation, and enhancement of the Korean water deer. The proposed model is also applicable for improving and enhancing the existing management practices, as well as for establishing an effective wildlife protection policy.

수달의 보전을 위한 전국자연환경조사 시계열 자료 기반 잠재 서식적합지역 분석 - 강원도를 대상으로 -

김호걸,모용원 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.35 No.1

전 세계 다양한 국가들을 비롯하여 우리나라도 생물다양성을 보전하기 위한 노력에 동참하고 있다. 특히 생물종과 관련해서는 특정 생물종을 대상으로 서식적합분석을 실시하여 잠재적인 서식 적지를 찾고 보전방안을 수립하는 연구들이 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 축적된 정보를 바탕으로 한 서식적합지역의 중장기 변화에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 강원도 지역을 대상으로 멸종위기 야생생물 1급으로 지정된 수달을 대상으로 서식적합지역의 시계열 변화를 분석하고 변화 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 시계열 변화 분석을 위해서 약 20년간 수행된 2차, 3차, 4차 전국자연환경조사의 수달 종 출현지점 조사자료를 이용하였다. 또한 각 조사시기 별 서식환경을 반영하기 위해 조사시기와 일치하는 토지피복도를 환경변수 제작에 활용하였다. 서식적합지역 분석을 위해서는 종의 출현 정보만을 바탕으로 모델 구동이 가능하며, 선행연구를 통해 신뢰도가 높다고 입증된 MaxEnt 모형을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 각 조사시기 별 수달의 서식적합지역 지도가 도출되었으며, 하천을 중심으로 서식지가 분포하는 경향이 나타났다. 모델링 결과 도출된 환경변수의 반응곡선을 비교하여 수달이 선호하는 서식지의 특성을 파악하였다. 조사시기 별 서식 적지의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 2차 전국자연환경조사를 기반으로 한 서식 적지가 가장 넓은 분포를 나타냈으며, 3, 4차 조사의 서식 적지는 면적이 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 3개 조사시기 분석결과를 종합하여 서식 적지의 변화 양상을 분석하고 유형화하였다. 변화 유형에 따라서 현장조사, 모니터링, 보호지역 설정, 복원계획과 같이 서로 다른 보전계획을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 수달 서식 적지의 위치와 면적의 시계열 변화를 볼 수 있는 종합분석 지도를 제작하고, 지역별 서식 적지 변화 유형에 따라 필요한 보전계획을 제안하였다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법과 결과는 향후 서식지 보전 및 관리 방안 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

서식지적합지수를 활용한 서해안 보령 갯벌어장의 바지락 서식지 평가

전승렬,홍석진,옹신정,전준협,강정하,박광재,정희도 한국패류학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.36 No.3

The habitat of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was assessed using habitat suitability index (HSI) factors considering growth (Chlorophyll a, Hydrodynamics), survival (Sediment-sand, Exposure time) and water- environment (Dissolved oxygen, Salinity). As a result, data layer assessed Manila clam habitat, it was possible to calculate the preferred area. Consequently, it was found that areas which seemed to prefer for Manila clams (HSI > 0.5) covers 1.23 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2 and (HSI < 0.5) covers 4.09 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2. Based on these results, it is estimated that Manila clams preferred habitat can be distinguished in areas other than the Boryeong tidal flat. Additionally, continuous environmental monitoring will have to be carried out for habitat management of tidal flats, and it is expected that these studies will develop habitat-based evaluation methods.

Habitat suitability mapping for sand cat (Felis margarita) in Central Iran using remote sensing techniques

Shiva Torabian,Alireza Soffianian,Sima Fakheran,Ali Asgarian,Hossein Akbari Feizabad,Josef Senn 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.1

One of the primary reason of species extinction especially rare species with very specific requirements, is habitat destruction. To protect these species, habitat suitability evaluation plays a central role. Hence, an attempt is made in this study to evaluate the suitability of sand cat’s habitat in a sand dune-dominated landscape in Iran. Four Landsat-derived indices including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Weighted Difference Vegetation Index, Brightness Index (BI) and Salinity Index were combined to characterize sand cat’s habitat requirements through a land use land cover (LULC) map. Furthermore, a set of landscape metrics were employed to explore the spatial pattern LULC classes. Sand cat’s habitat suitability map was generated by linear combination of the standardized and relatively weighted NDVI and BI indices and then categorized into five classes of most suitable, highly suitable, moderately suitable, least suitable and not suitable. The results showed that about 75% of the total area is suitable for sand cat. Although this region is rich in biodiversity, it has not yet been subject to any conservation planning and should be granted more conservation attentions.

Developing habitat suitability index for habitat evaluation of Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae)

김홍근,장래하,김선령,Tho Jae-Hwa,정진우,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: The Korean scarlet dwarf, Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae), is anendangered dragonfly with an increasing risk of extinction owing to rapid climate changes and human activities. To prevent extinction, the N. koreana population and their habitat should be protected. Therefore, suitable habitat evaluation is important to build the N. koreana restoration project. The habitat suitability index model (HSI) has been widely used for habitat evaluation in diverse organisms. Results: To build a suitable HSI model for N. koreana, 16 factors were examined by seven experienced researchers. A field survey for N. koreana observed sites and spatial analysis were conducted to improve the model. Five factors were finally selected by this procedure (crown density, open water surface, water depth, pioneer plant cover, and type of water source). Finally, the N. koreana HSI model was generated with the five adjusted factors based on interview, field survey, and spatial analysis. This model was validated by a current N. koreana habitat in 2021. With this model, 46 sites in Uljin-gun, Korea, were surveyed for N. koreana habitats; five sites were identified as core habitats and seven as potential core habitats. Conclusions: This model will serve as a strong foundation for the N. koreana restoration project and as a reference for future studies on N. koreana and other endangered insect populations. Further analysis and long-term data will improve the efficacy of this model and restore endangered wildlife.