Estimation of Potential Habitats for Three Species of Bivalves Using the Habitat Variables in Gomso Bay Tidal Flat, Korea

전승렬,구준호,박종우,정희도,최용현,조윤식 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.4

The gradual changes in the habitat of Gomso Bay negative impacted the intertidal flat aquaculture of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The habitat evaluation of the Manila clam in Gomso Bay tidal flat that should be preceded to identify this negative impact in clam culture was conducted using the habitat variables chlorophyll-a, hydrodynamics, sediment sand, exposure time, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Additionally, to utilize the unsuitable sites of Manila clam culture, we used the habitat suitability index by subdividing substrate variables (sorting coefficient, silt content, and mean grain size) for two species (Cyclina sinensis and Mactra veneriformis). As a result, the lower flat was chosen as the optimal habitat for Manila clam, with a habitat suitability index mean score of 0.62 and the upper flat was deemed to be the potential habitat for C. sinensis, while the middle flat was chosen for M. veneriformis. Therefore, the possibility of using unsuitable sites for Manila clam farming as alternative species was identified. These findings can be used as a reference for optimal site selection for the diversification of commercial species and decentralization of clam culture farms in the Gomso Bay tidal flat.

서식지 적합지수를 이용한 고창 갯벌어장 바지락의 어장적지평가

전승렬,최윤석,조윤식,김영태,최용현,Jeon, Seungryul,Choi, Yoon-Seok,Cho, Yoon-Sik,Kim, Yeong-Tae,Choi, Yonghyeon 해양환경안전학회 2015 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.21 No.5

바지락 양식장의 생산력은 적지 선정과 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문에, 생산량 관리를 위해서는 양식품종에 적합한 서식지를 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 5월 곰소만에 위치한 고창 갯벌어장의 9개 정점에 대하여 서식지 적합지수(Habitat Suitability Index, 이하 HSI)를 평가하였다. 평가인자로 바지락의 성장(해수유동, 클로로필 a), 생존(퇴적물 입도-모래, 실트질 점토), 수질환경(용존산소, 염분)을 선정하였고, HSI기법을 이용한 갯벌어장 적지 평가를 수행하였다. HSI 가점은 객관적 판단을 위해 가중치를 고려한 가정과 고려하지 않은 가정을 함께 시도하였다. 평가결과, 고창 갯벌어장의 하부조간대(HSI; No weight: 0.60~0.76, Weight: 0.47~0.70)가상부조간대(HSI; No weight: 0.25~0.27, Weight: 0.09~0.10)보다 높은 적합지수를 나타내었으며, 해수유동과 퇴적물이 바지락 선호 서식지 결정에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 과학적인 접근을 통하여 현재 고창 바지락 양식장 이외의 잠재적인 적지를 고려할 수 있고, 갯벌어장 최적 관리 방안을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다. The productivity of Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) aquaculture farm is closely related to suitable site selection, so it is essential to assess the habitat suitable for aquaculture species in order to manage yield. This study evaluated the habitat suitable index(HSI) with 9 sites for tidal flat farm, Gochang(Hajun) on May 2014. The suitability index was selected Growth(hydrodynamics, chlorophyll a), Survival(sediment-sand, silt-clay) and Water Environment(dissolved oxygen, salinity). Both Weight and No weight were tried for objective judgment as HSI scoring method. As a result, it shows lower tidal flat(HSI; No weight: 0.60~0.76, Weight: 0.47~0.70) is higher than upper(HSI; No weight: 0.25~0.27, Weight: 0.09~0.10), hydrodynamics and sediment particle size are the most effective. This research can consider the potential suitable site for Manila clam through scientific approach, and provide the basis for optimal management practices in tidal flat farm.

서식지적합지수를 활용한 서해안 보령 갯벌어장의 바지락 서식지 평가

전승렬,홍석진,옹신정,전준협,강정하,박광재,정희도 한국패류학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.36 No.3

The habitat of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was assessed using habitat suitability index (HSI) factors considering growth (Chlorophyll a, Hydrodynamics), survival (Sediment-sand, Exposure time) and water- environment (Dissolved oxygen, Salinity). As a result, data layer assessed Manila clam habitat, it was possible to calculate the preferred area. Consequently, it was found that areas which seemed to prefer for Manila clams (HSI > 0.5) covers 1.23 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2 and (HSI < 0.5) covers 4.09 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2. Based on these results, it is estimated that Manila clams preferred habitat can be distinguished in areas other than the Boryeong tidal flat. Additionally, continuous environmental monitoring will have to be carried out for habitat management of tidal flats, and it is expected that these studies will develop habitat-based evaluation methods.

보령 갯벌의 인위적 영향 및 생물학적 요인에 따른 대형저서동물 군집 변화

전승렬,옹신정,이지호,정윤아,구준호,오광석,박종우 한국해양학회 2023 바다 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 바지락과 쏙의 서식 구역이 대비되는 보령 주교 갯벌의 인위적인 환경 영향에 의한 저서동물 군집 특성을 확인하였다. 조사 기간 내 대형저서동물은 총 55종이 출현하였으며, 평균 서식밀도는 338 ind./m2, 생체량은 212.2 gWWt/m2이었다. 출현 종수는 상부(27종)에서 하부(37종)로 갈수록 증가하였고, 우점종은(상부: 둥근가시사자머리참갯지렁이, 중부: 고리버들갯지렁이, 하부: 바지락) 조위별로 다르게 나타났다. 집괴분석과 다차원척도법을 이용한 상위 10종의 저서동물 군집구조는 하부의 바지락 어장과 쏙 서식공 밀도가 높은 중부 정점 중심의 두 그룹으로 나뉘며, 특정 생물 종의 영향을 반영하였다. 쏙 서식 공간의 퇴적물 입도 조성은 변동 폭이 컸으나 연간 유지되었으며, 분급은 2.1 φ로 낮아져 같은 입자로 구성된 비율이 증가하였다. 특히, 중부는 인위적인 영향이 높음에도 고리버들갯지렁이가 우점하고, 쏙 서식공 밀도와의 연관성을 보여 이는 종간 상호작용에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. This study confirmed the characteristics of macrobenthic community due to anthropogenic environmental changes in the Boryeong Jugyo tidal flat, where the habitat of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and mud shrimp (Upogebia major) is separated. The total number of occurring species was 55 during the study period with an average habitat density of 338 ind./m2 and a biomass of 212.2 gWWt/m2. The number of occuring species increased from 27 species at the upper flat to 37 species at the lower flat, and the dominant species differed by tide levels (Upper: Leonnates persica, Middle: Heteromastus filiformis, Lower: R. philippinarum). The macrobenthic community sturctures of the top 10 species using cluster analysis and nMDS were divided into two groups, focusing on Manila clam culture farm of lower flats and middle flats with high habitat density, reflecting the influence of specific species. The sediment composition of the U. major habitat space fluctuated highly, but it was maintained annually, and the sorting coefficient was 2.1 φ, and the proportion of the same particle size was increased. In particular, because the middle flat has a dense anthropogenic impact, a dominant species, H. filiformis dominated and revealed a relationship with the density of burrow holes of U. major, which is considered to be a biological interaction between these two macrofauna in this tidal flat.

서해안 갯벌 쏙(Upogebia major) 서식지와 비 서식지의 퇴적환경 특성

전승렬,홍석진,최용현,조윤식,송재희 한국수산과학회 2019 한국수산과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Environmental monitoring was conducted to identify the characteristics and patterns of sedimentary environments of tidal flats in 12 areas on the west coast of Korea. The habitat of the mud shrimp Upogebia major contained higher organic and mud contents compared to the habitat of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. In particular, the mud content increased from 84.38% to 89.18% in the Seongam-4 area, where the mud shrimp and manila clam coexist, and the mean grain size exhibited a finer particle size, from 5.48 Φ to 5.80 Φ. In the mud shrimp habitat, the sediment mud content was > 60% and the mean grain size was > 5 Φ. Additionally, the mud shrimp only inhabited open coast tidal flat areas. The management of shellfish aquaculture farms by physical methods should be continued based on comparison of the sedimentary environments in the Boryeong and Seongam areas in response to the damage to the mud shrimp habitat.

천수만, 가로림만 갯벌에서 서식지 적합인자를 이용한 꼬막 적지선정 연구

전승렬,허승,조윤식,최용현,오그림 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.24 No.6

꼬막은 갯벌에서 자연 발생, 양성, 수확의 단계를 거치기 때문에 기초적인 서식지 특성 파악과 함께 단계적인 대체 서식 지역에 대한 탐색이 필요하다. 현재 꼬막은 타 종에 비해 자연적으로 발생된 치패의 의존도가 높은 반면, 자연 서식지는 한정적이어서 생물자원이 감소되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 꼬막 적지선정을 위해 천수만에 위치한 창기와 호포, 가로림만의 당산, 사창, 왕산 총 5개 정점을 선정하여 서식지 적합인자를 조사하였다. 환경(Environment)에 관련된 함수율과 유기물 함량, 생존(Survival)에 관련된 니질 함량과 퇴적물 평균입도, 성장(Growth)에 관련된 클로로필a, 총 5가지 서식지 적합인자들의 상관성을 고려하였다. 그 결과 가로림만에 위치한 왕산이 꼬막 주요 서식지의 환경 특성 적합도(왕산: 87점, 당산: 86점, 사창: 81점, 호포: 78점, 창기: 73점)가 가장 높았다. 퇴적환경은 천수만에 비해 가로림만이 더 세립 하였고, 계절적인 변동이 낮아 적합한 환경으로 나타났다. 따라서 가로림만이 꼬막의 잠재적인 적지로 더 적합하며 공간 활용이 용이할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 이러한 잠재적인 적지 탐색과 선정을 통해 꼬막의 생물자원과 생산량 감소에 따른 문제점들을 해소할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. It is necessary to explore the possibility of alternative habitats and research the characteristics of basic habitats due to seeding, culturing and harvesting of blood clams (Tegillarca granosa) in tidal flats. Currently, dependence on naturally occurring spat is much higher than in other species, which may lead to a reduction in biological resources. In this study, we selected a total of 5 sites (Changgi, Hopo in Cheonsu Bay and Dangsan, Sachang, Wangsan in Garolim Bay) and examined habitat suitability factors for suitable site selection. Also, we considered the relationship of habitat suitability factors (Environment: water content, organic content; survival: mud content, mean size; growth: chlorophyll a). As a result, Wangsan had the highest score of the main habitat of blood clams (Habitat suitability score, Wangsan: 87; Dangsan: 86; Sachang: 81; Hopo: 78; and Changgi: 73). The sediment in Garolim Bay was fine-grained and the seasonal variation was lower than Cheonsu Bay. Therefore, it is considered that Garolim Bay is more suitable as a potential area and easy to utilize the space. In the future, search and selection of potential suitable sites could be considered to solve problems caused by the reduction of biological resources and the production for blood clams.

곰소만·근소만 갯벌어장 관리를 위한 퇴적물-해수 경계면에서 영양염 플럭스 추정

전승렬,조윤식,최윤석,김경태,최용현 해양환경안전학회 2017 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.23 No.7

It is important to understand interactions in the sediment-water environment because nitrate(N) and phosphorus(P) nutrient fluxes released into overlying water can represent a significant fraction of the total nutrient requirement for primary productivity. In this study, we analyzed and estimated benthic nutrient fluxes at the sediment-water interface, investigating environmental conditions in Gomso and Geunso Bays. Also, we compared previously reported nutrient flux data to identify regional differences. As a result, benthic nutrient fluxes in Beopsan were DIN: 6.14 mmol m-2 d-1 and DIP: 0.32 mmol m-2 d-1 higher than other survey sites. Sediment COD were 4.0-10.8 mg/g·dry, and environmental deterioration was observed due to organic pollution. If no solution is found for tidal flat farm management, problems such as a decrease in aquaculture production will follow. Therefore, long-term monitoring of tidal flat environments should be pursued to enable the sustainable use of biological resources. 수층으로 용출되는 질소(N)와 인(P)의 영양염 플럭스는 1차 생산성에 대한 총 영양요구량의 상당 부분을 지원할 수 있기 때문에 퇴적물-해수 환경의 상호작용을 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 곰소만·근소만의 환경 일반항목들과 퇴적물-해수 경계면에서 저서 영양염 용출 플럭스를 분석 및 추정하였다. 또한 이전에 보고된 영양염 플럭스의 데이터를 비교하여 지역적인 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 근소만 법산에서 봄철 영양염 용출 플럭스가 DIN 6.14mmol m-2 d-1, DIP 0.32mmol m-2 d-1로 조사정점 중 가장 높게 나타났다. 퇴적물 COD의 경우 법산의 사계절 값이 4.0~10.8mg/g·dry로 나타나 유기물 오염에 의한 환경 악화가 진행되고 있었다. 앞으로 갯벌어장 관리에 대한 방안이 마련되지 않는다면 양식생물의 생산량 감소의 문제가 발생될 것이다. 따라서 생물자원의 지속적인 이용을 위해 갯벌 환경의 장기적인 모니터링이 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

도시폐기물 매립지의 침출오수 재순환과 함수율 조정에 의한 조기 안정화 방안에 관한 연구

정연규,전승렬 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

This study is an experimental research on some factors that affect the efficiency of organic content removal and stabilization of leachate from municipal sanitary landfill when the moisture content is control to (30, 50, 90%), washout and leachate recirculation with detention time(1, 5, 10 days). As the results pH of the system may decrease during the increase in volatile acids and will then rise steadily while the volatile acids diminish. Adding water to raise moisture content accelerates stabilization of refuse materials, flushes out soluble materials, and increase the rate of settlement of fill materials. Notwithstanding dilution effects, daily recirculation of leachate has particulary increased the rate of biological stabilization of the organic fraction of the refuse, as evidenced by large reduction in BOD and COD.

광촉매 산화 환원반응을 이용한 유기오염물질과 중금속의 동시제거

전승렬(Seung Yul Cheon),정연규(Youn Kyoo Choung),이병찬(Byung Chan Lee),김진욱(Jin Wook Kim),김한수(Han Soo Kim) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were evaluated for a chlorite and chlorate control. From our batch experiments it showed that the reaction between chlorite and activated carbon yields chloride as end-product. The removal of chlorite depended on the initial concentrations of chlorite, the activated carbon dose, pH and the activated carbon used. Filtration of water containing chlorite and chlorate through beds of GAC was found to remove chlorite and chlorate. GAC effectively removed chlorite, but, depending on the contact time and pH. The removal of chlorite appears to be a result of chemical reduction. Removal of above 90% of chlorite was achieved at elution rate of below 60mL/min. No chlorinated species other than chloride were detected.

천수만 갯벌, 쏙(Upogebia major) 유입 및 정착 밀도에 따른 해수-퇴적물 환경과 서식지 특성 비교

전승렬 ( Seung Ryul Jeon ),옹기호 ( Giho Ong ),구준호 ( Jun-ho Koo ),박종우 ( Jong-woo Park ),김유철 ( Yu Cheol Kim ),정희도 ( Hee-do Jeung ),조재권 ( Jae-kwon Cho ) 한국수산과학회 2022 한국수산과학회지 Vol.55 No.2

The habitat degradation caused by large-scale reclamation leads to devastating impacts, such as fine sediment and mud shrimp Upogebia major settlement on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum aquaculture in the eastern Cheonsu Bay tidal flats, Republic of Korea. Despite these impacts, there is a lack of studies on the influence of fine sediments on tidal flats that constitute key mud shrimp habitats. This study provides information on the seawater-sediment environment and the influence of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluctuations depending on mud shrimp burrow hole density. Additionally, it discusses countermeasures for Manila clam habitat management. The results show that mean DIN effluxes in areas with a high-density of burrow holes were up to 4 times (0.12 mmol m^-2 d^-1) higher than those in sites of low-density (0.03 mmol m^-2 d^-1) within the Saho and Songhak-ri tidal flats. To manage interference within the competition zone of Songhak-ri tidal flat, it is important to utilize the settlements of spawning season in all three dimensions. Consequently, additional studies in other tidal flats are essential and research in zones where mud shrimps and juvenile clams coexist will help to determine the priorities in the efficient management of clam aquaculture.