만성질병 예방 측면에서 본 30세 이상 한국 성인의 과일과 채소 섭취 평가 : 2005년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

권정현(Kwon Jung Hyun),심재은(Shim Jae Eun),박민경(Park Min Kyung),백희영(Paik Hee Young) 韓國營養學會 2009 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.42 No.2

Korean diet is high in plant foods but also high in salted vegetables. World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommends consumption of fruits and vegetables excluding salted vegetables for prevention cancer. This study aimed to analyze relations between intakes of salted and non-salted vegetables and socioeconomic factors, providing a data for targeted groups in promotion of fruits and vegetables consumption. Dietary and socioeconomic status data of the 5,400 subjects over 30 years of age from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANESⅢ) were used. Dietary intake data from KNHANESⅢ was obtained by one day 24-hour recall method. Mean daily intakes of salted vegetables, non-salted vegetables and fruits of subjects were 151 g, 237 g, and 71 g respectively. Mean daily intake of salted vegetables was significantly higher in men than women for daily amount (173 g vs. 133 g) as well as percentage of total food intake (9.9% vs. 9.6%). Subjects living in rural area consumed more salted vegetables. Salted vegetables as percent of total food were lower in subjects with higher education levels (p < 0.001). Intakes of non-salted vegetables were significantly affected by age and gender. Intake levels of fruit were significantly higher in younger groups, in females, and subjects with higher income and education levels (p < 0.05). Average intake of fruits and nonsalted vegetables was 307 g, lower than WCRF recommended level of 400 g for personal guideline. Intake of salted vegetables was positively correlated with sodium intake (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.43) but less so with potassium (r = 0.16) and other micronutrients intake (r < 0.1). On the other hand, non-salted vegetables had higher correlations with potassium (r = 0.45), carotene (r = 0.38), vitamin A (r = 0.37), iron (r = 0.34) and low for sodium (r = 0.13). Fruits intake was highly correlated with vitamin C intake (r = 0.46). Proportion of subjects satisfying WCRF personal guideline of fruits and non-salted vegetables was 25.7%. Results of this study indicate that intake of salted vegetable is considerably high among Koreans, and it is highly correlated with sodium intake and less so with other micronutrients.

충북지역 중학생의 채소, 과일, 우유의 선호도, 섭취빈도, 섭취량 및 식사지침 이행도

오미혜(Mi Hye Oh),김기남(Ki Nam Kim) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2012 생활과학연구논총 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of the study was to examine practice of dietary guideline for adolescents by investigating preferences, frequency and consumption of vegetables, fruits and milk. Survey for a self-administered questionnaire and 24-hr recall was conducted to 192 middle school students in the 2nd grade at Jeungpyeong District, Chungbuk in July, 2009. Approximately 55% of the students answered that they are picky about some kind of foods, 68% of which were vegetables. Preference scores of tomato, strawberry, ice cream were the highest, and pepper, persimmon, white milk were the lowest among vegetables, fruits, and milk & milk products, respectively. The results of food frequency questionnaire showed that chinese cabbage, watermelon, white milk & ice cream were the most frequently consumed, and spinach & zucchini, persimmon, and flavored milk were the least consumed among vegetables, fruits, and milk& milk products. When nutrient intakes from vegetables alone were estimated, boys consumed significantly higher calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, and folate from vegetables than girls. However, there were no significant differences in nutrient intakes from fruits or milk & milk products between boys and girls. As for the practice of dietary guidelines, 27.1% of the students consumed vegetables 3 times or more a day, 43.7% of the students consumed fruits once or more a day, and 42.2% consumed 2 glasses of milk or more a day as recommended by dietary guidelines. Our results showed that many adolescents do not like vegetables and do not eat frequently enough vegetables, fruits and milk as recommended by dietary guidelines. Efforts to increase consumption of vegetables, fruits, and milk such as developing new recipes and incorporating nutrition education class in school curriculum are needed with the support of family and school together.

Colors of vegetables and fruits and the risks of colorectal cancer

Lee, Jeeyoo,Shin, Aesun,Oh, Jae Hwan,Kim, Jeongseon Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.23 No.14

<P><B>AIM</B></P><P>To investigate the relationship between the colors of vegetables and fruits and the risk of colorectal cancer in Korea.</P><P><B>METHODS</B></P><P>A case-control study was conducted with 923 colorectal cancer patients and 1846 controls recruited from the National Cancer Center in Korea. We classified vegetables and fruits into four groups according to the color of their edible parts (<I>e.g</I>., green, orange/yellow, red/purple and white). Vegetable and fruit intake level was classified by sex-specific tertile of the control group. Logistic regression models were used for estimating the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>High total intake of vegetables and fruits was strongly associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in women (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48 for highest <I>vs</I> lowest tertile) and a similar inverse association was observed for men (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.79). In the analysis of color groups, adjusted ORs (95%CI) comparing the highest to the lowest of the vegetables and fruits intake were 0.49 (0.36-0.65) for green, and 0.47 (0.35-0.63) for white vegetables and fruits in men. An inverse association was also found in women for green, red/purple and white vegetables and fruits. However, in men, orange/yellow vegetables and fruits (citrus fruits, carrot, pumpkin, peach, persimmon, ginger) intake was linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.22-2.12).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Vegetables and fruits intake from various color groups may protect against colorectal cancer.</P>

과실 및 채소류의 유통단계 분석을 통한 부산물 발생량 추정에 관한 연구

김영신,배재근 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2020 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.37 No.7

The amount of fruit and vegetable byproducts produced from their production to consumption by consumers wascharacterized by focusing on the distribution route. The considered fruits and vegetables were divided into five groups:leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables, condiment vegetables, and fruits. The amount of their distribution wascalculated at each distribution stage of the overall distribution process. Byproducts of each group produced at individualdistribution channel was calculated using the basic unit obtained through field and literature surveys. It was also consideredthat the byproducts can be recovered. The byproducts produced for distributing leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruitvegetables, condiment vegetables, and fruits were 509,379; 68,844; 151,189; 479,936; and 282,897 tons per year (t/y),respectively. The total recovery for the five groups was 1,492,245 t/d, corresponding to 13.48% of the total productionof the fruits and vegetables (11,067,638 t/d).

Hypoglycemic Effects of Fruits and Vegetables in Hyperglycemic Rats for Prevention of Type-2 Diabetes (고혈압쥐의 과일과 야채의 섭취에 따른 저혈당 효과)

Nazneen Shaik Survay(쉐익나즈닌),EunYoung Ko(고은영),Chandrama Prakash Upadhyay(우파드하야),Jang Mi(장미),Se Won Park(박세원),DongHa Lee(이동하),Yi-Sook Jung(정이숙),Do-Young Yoon(윤도영),SaeJin Hong(홍세진) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.5

고혈당 쥐에(Sprague-Dawley rat) 각종 야채와 과일을 섭취(1g/㎏ body weight) 한 후 oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)을 실시하였다. 0분, 5분, 15분, 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분 후에 blood glucose levels(ΔBGLs)을 측정하였다. Under glucose curve(ΔAUCs)은 OGGT의 120분 후 계산하였으며 과일과 야채의 Total phenolic content(TPC)과 anti-oxidant activity (AOA)는 Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH(2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)을 통하여 특정하였다. 실험의 마지막은 Pearson’s correlations을 사용하여 TPC, AOA and ΔAUC 간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 모든 통계수치는 unpaired Student’s t-test를 실시하였다. 과일중에서는 탠저린, 자두, 배가 저혈당 효과를 보였으며 야채중에서는 푸른잎 머스타드와 양배투, 치커리, 브로콜리가 감소된 ΔBGLs와 유효한 ΔAUC수치를 보여서 저혈당 효과에 효과적이었다. 효과적인 ΔAUC의 범위는 5548.2 ± 462.1에서부터 3823.3 ± 282.0㎎ · min/dL이며, TPC와 AOA의 범위는 0.063 ± 0.00에서부터 0.913 ± 0.14㎎/g GAE, 01.05 ± 0.08에서부터 75.46 ± 0.06%이다. 전체적으로 과일의 50%와 양체의 60-65%가 높은 TPC와 효과적인 AOA의 수치를 나타내었다. 우리는 이번 연구를 통하여 저혈당 효과가 있어 제2형 당뇨를 예방할 수 있는 과일과 채소류를 선별할 수 있었다. An in vivo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on hyperglycemic male Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the effect of fruits and vegetables (1 g · ㎏?¹ body weight) on blood glucose levels (ΔBGLs) at different time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The areas under glucose curve (ΔAUCs) were calculated at 120 min of OGTT by trapezoid method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and anti-oxidant activity (AOA) of fruits and vegetables were assayed in vitro by Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. At the end of the experiment the correlations among the parameters TPC, AOA and ΔAUC was estimated by Pearson’s correlations. Among fruit crops, tangerine, plum, grape and pear and among vegetables, blue leaf mustard, cabbage, chicory, broccoli and others exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects by reducing ΔBGLs with significant ΔAUC. The effective ΔAUC ranged from 5548.2 ± 462.1 to 3823.3 ± 282.0 ㎎-min · dL?¹. The TPC and AOA ranged from 0.063 ± 0.00 to 0.913 ± 0.14 ㎎ · g?¹ GAE and 01.05 ± 0.08 to 75.46 ± 0.06%, respectively. Overall, six fruits and fifteen vegetables exhibited higher TPC and one fruit and four vegetables exhibited higher AOA. There was a better correlation among TPC, AOA and ΔAUC of fruits and TPC & AOA of vegetables. We report that hypoglycemically significant fruits and vegetables investigated in this study have pharmacological importance which reduced ΔBGLs through insulin like activity and AOA in prevention of type-2 diabetes.

Implications of Trade Facilitation on Kenya’s Fruits and Vegetables Exports to the European Union

KIOKOMATHEW,고종환 한국아프리카학회 2022 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.66 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trade facilitation on Kenya’s fruits and vegetables exports to the 28 European Union member countries over the period of 2014-2019. Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), Random Effect (RE), and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) model were estimated. The outcomes indicate linkage between trade facilitation and Kenya’s fruits and vegetables exports to the EU. According to the estimation results, variables that capture trade facilitation such as exporter’s customs efficiency, and quality of air transport infrastructure have a significantly positive effect on exports of fruits and vegetables from Kenya to the EU. In addition, control variables such as domestic production, and Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) variables have a significantly positive effect on exports of fruits and vegetables. Essentially, landlock and island variables have a negative impact on exports of fruits and vegetables. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to empirically analyze the impact of trade facilitation of Kenya’s exports of fruits and vegetables to the 28 EU member countries. The study provides substantial evidence to the stakeholders to formulate policies that can boost exports of fruits and vegetables in Kenya.

The effect of self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetables consumption among male firefighters

Winnie Wing Man Ng,Kin Cheung 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Self-efficacy is the key strategy to change health behaviors such as eating behaviors on fruit and vegetables intakes. However, limited studies explore the effect of self-efficacy in fruit and vegetables intake, especially for male firefighters. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of self-efficacy in the consumption of fruit and vegetables among male firefighters. Methods: The convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit male firefighters from September 2018 to May 2019. Written consent and questionnaire were completed for 48 firefighters to participate in the study at baseline (T0). Randomization was performed by an independent staff member, who was not involved in any other procedure in this study. Twenty-three firefighters from 17 fire stations were allocated to the intervention group (printed pamphlet and teaching materials through WhatsApp) while 25 from six fire stations were allocated to the control group (printed pamphlet). Results: The eating self-efficacy was evaluated by using self-report questionnaire at baseline, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Test results with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. A total of 45 participants completed this study. Three of them withdrew from the study due to personal issues. Self-efficacy on fruit consumption was significantly improved in both groups, while self-efficacy on vegetables consumption was only found in the control group. Conclusions: Results showed that more work is required to improve the self-efficacy on vegetables consumption. In general, the preparation of fruit might be easier than that of vegetables. Chinese prefer cooked vegetables instead of raw ones, like salad. As a result, the preparation of vegetables might impede firefighters’ self-efficacy. Further research is required to explore the factors affecting firefighters’ self-efficacy on vegetables consumption, and the corresponding improvement strategies.

Student feedback to improve the United States Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

Yi-Chun Lin,Alyce D. Fly 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States falls below recommendations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is a national free-fruit and vegetable school distribution program designed to address this problem. This permanent, legislated program provides funding to qualified elementary schools for provision of additional fruit and vegetables outside of school meals. The objective of this study was to understand children’s perceptions of FFVP after the intervention and formulate recommendations that may improve success of the intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Secondary data were obtained from 5,265 4th-6th graders at 51 randomly-selected FFVP intervention schools in Indiana. Anonymous questionnaires were completed late in the 2011-2012 academic year. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to determine associations between students’ perceptions of program effects (4 close-ended items) and their preference toward the program. Content analysis was applied to a single open-ended item for program comments. RESULTS: Over 47% of students reported greater intake of fruit and vegetables due to FFVP, and over 66% reported liking the program. Student-reported program effects were positively associated with preference for the program (P < 0.01). Themes that emerged during analysis of 3,811 comments, included, students liked: the opportunity to try different kinds of fruit and vegetables, types and flavors of fruits served, and benefits of eating fruit. Fewer students liked the types of vegetables and their benefits. A small group disliked the program citing poor flavor of vegetables and quality of fruits. Important suggestions for the program include serving more dipping sauces for vegetables, cooking vegetables, and providing a greater variety of produce. CONCLUSIONS: The degree that students liked FFVP may predict the program’s effects on fruit and vegetable intake. FFVP may become more acceptable to students by incorporating their suggestions. Program planners should consider these options for achieving program goals.

Educational attainment and differences in fruit and vegetable consumption among middle-aged adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV

Seo Ah Hong,Kirang Kim,Mi Kyung Kim 대한지역사회영양학회 2012 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.6 No.3

We investigated whether socioeconomic differences affect fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption with respect to total intake and intake of various FV subgroups. Our study included 6667 adults aged 40-64 years who completed a dietary survey in the fourth Korean NHANES (2007-2009). FV intake was estimated from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Differences in FV consumption related to educational attainment were analyzed according to different nutritional categories of FV. Both men and women in the low-education group had the lowest intake of total FV and total fruits, and women also had the lowest intake of total vegetables. Also lowest in this group was consumption of mushrooms and vegetables (excluding kimchi) among men, and cruciferous and allium vegetables (excluding Chinese cabbage and radish) among women, while kimchi consumption was the highest in this group. Additionally, an association between educational level and intake of citrus fruits was evident among men. Adults in the low-education group consumed less carotene-rich FV, red fruit and/or vegetables, and dark-green leafy vegetables, fewer total vegetable dishes, and fewer types of fruit than in other groups. Men in this group had the lowest intake of yellow/orange fruit and/or vegetables, and women consumed the least folate-rich FV. There is a clear association between educational attainment and FV intake with regard to total intake, and to specific nutrients, bioactive compounds, colors, and variety.

냉동 과·채류의 잔류농약 분석

김아람,김기철,문선애,김한택,이창희,류지은,박예지,채경석,김지원,최옥경 한국식품위생안전성학회 2022 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The purpose of this study is to monitor the pesticide residues in frozen fruits and vegetables distributed and sold in online and offline markets in Korea. For the study, 107 samples of 34 types of frozen fruits and vegetables were examined, and a total of 341 pesticide residues were analyzed by using multiclass pesticide multiresidue methods of the Korean Food Code. As a result, pesticide residues were detected from 16 of 64 frozen fruits samples and 15 of 43 frozen vegetables samples. Conclusively, residues were detected from 31 samples in total, showing a detection rate of 29.0%. Specifically, pyridaben exceeded the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) based on the Positive list system (PLS) in one of the frozen radish leaves, and the violation rate was 0.9%. Detection on frozen fruits and vegetables was made 23 times for 11 types and 36 times for 21 types. In total, 28 types of pesticide residues were detected 59 times. Fungicides were detected the most in frozen fruits, while insecticides were detected the most in frozen vegetables. The most detected pesticides were the insecticide, acaricide chlorfenapyr (5) and the fungicide boscalid (5). Chlorfenapyr was detected only in frozen vegetables, and boscalid was detected in frozen fruits except one.