The Chemotaxonomic Relationship of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 by Fatty Acid Compositions

Hee-Kyung Seong,Won-Jae Lee,Dong-Suck Chang 한국식품위생안전성학회 1998 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.13 No.2

V. cholerae non-O1 49균주와 V. cholerae O1, V. mimicus, V. vulnificus와 V. parahaemolyticus의 균체지방산(fatty acid methyl ester; FAME)을 gas liquid chromatogrphy로 분석하였다. 이들 분석자료를 통계학적으로 처리하여 Vibrio 종과 V. cholerae의 혈청형별 유연성을 비교 검토하였다. 검출된 지방산은 모두 41종이었고 분포량이 많은 것은 16:0, 16:1 cis 9, 18:1 trans 9/16/cis 11과 15:0 iso 2 OH/16:1 cis 9 였다. 검출된 지방산 중에서도 35종은 V. cholerae를 동정하는데 주요한 인자로 작용되었다. 지방산분포를 UPGMA(비가중수리분석)으로 dendrogram을 작성한 결과 V. cholerae non-O1은 V cholerae O1보다 V mimieus가 더 높은 유사도를 나타내었다. 특히 hydoxy acid는 V. chozerae의 아종단위를 동정하는데 중요하였다. V. choEeore non-O1중에서 O2, O5, O8, O10, O14, O27, O37, O39, O45와 O69의 총 10 종류 혈청형을 대상으로 지방산 조성에 의 한 유사성을 검토한 결과 유사도가 92% 이상 수준에서 7개의 아종를 형성하여 혈청형과 지방산 조성간에는 유의할 만한 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 V. cholerne non-O1의 동정 및 역학적인 조사시 지방산 분석은 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The authors attempted utilization of fatty acid composition of vibrios as a tool for identification of the strains. Fatty acid of 49 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-01, V. cholerae 01, V. mimicus, V. vulinificus and V. parahaemolyticus was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography column. According to the statistical analysis of the fatty acid data, the relationship between the Vibrio species and serotypes of the strains was discussed. Forty one kinds of fatty acid were de- tected from the tested strains and 35 kinds of fatty acids among the detected fatty acids were significant factors to identify the vibrios. The predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 16:l cis 9, 18:l trans 9/6/cis 11 and 150 is0 20H/16:1 cis 9 as above about 20% in total. Fatty acid compositions of the Vibrio species were an important factor in identifylng their subspecies either predominant fatty acids or minor ones. According to the analysed results by a conventional statistical pro- cessing method (UPGMA) and prepared dendrogram, V. cholerae non-01 had more closer re- lationship with v. mimicus compared with v. cholerae 01. Moreover, the distribution of hydroxy acid was a significant factor for identifying V. cholerae subspecies. Comprising all the 10 sero- types detected from V. cholerae non-01 examined such as 0 2 , 05, 08, 010, 014, 027, 037, 039, 045 and 069, we could group them into seven subspecies by cluster analysis with the similarity value of fatty acid composition as above 92%. It means that there is a significant relationship between serotypes and fatty acid composition of V . cholerae. These results indicated that num- erical analysis of fatty acid composition data of V. cholerae non-01 could classify them into sub- species, and also which may provide a useful epidemiologic information or a basis for further analysis such as PCR and DNA probe analysis.

Determination of Fatty Acid Composition and Total Trans Fatty Acids in Meat Products

Ismail Yılmaz,Umit Gecgel 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.2

In this research, fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids of 22 selected meat products produced by Turkish companies were analyzed by capillary gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Total fat contents of the meat products ranged from 11.60-42.50%. Salami had the lowest fat content 11.60% and sucuk (soudjuk) the highest 42.50%. Major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, trans C18:1, cis C18:1, and C18:2 in the samples. Total unsaturated fatty acid contents have changed from 38.73 to 70.71% of total fatty acids, and sausage had the highest percentage among the samples. The majority of samples contain trans fatty acids and the level ranged from 2.28 to 7.95% of the total fatty acids. The highest amount of total trans fatty acids was determined in kavurma (Cavurmas) (7.95%), and total trans fatty acids of meat products such as pastrami contained more than 5% of the total fatty acids.

Fatty Acid Composition of Grain- and Grass-Fed Beef and Their Nutritional Value and Health Implication

Kim Margarette C. Nogoy,Bin Sun,신상은,이연우,Xiang Zi Li,최승호,박성권 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Beef contains functional fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and longchain fatty acids. This review summarizes results from studies comparing the fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed either grass or grain-based feed. Since functional lipid components are contributed through dietary consumption of beef, the fatty acid composition is reported on mg/100 g of meat basis rather than on a percentage of total fat basis. Beef from grass-fed contains lesser total fat than that from grain-fed in all breeds of cattle. Reduced total fat content also influences the fatty acid composition of beef. A 100 g beef meat from grass-fed cattle contained 2,773 mg less total saturated fatty acids (SFA) than that from the same amount of grain-fed. Grass-fed also showed a more favorable SFA lipid profile containing less cholesterol-raising fatty acids (C12:0 to C16:0) but contained a lesser amount of cholesterol-lowering C18:0 than grain-fed beef. In terms of essential fatty acids, grass-fed beef showed greater levels of trans-vaccenic acid and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; EPA, DPA, DHA) than grain-fed beef. Grass-fed beef also contains an increased level of total n-3 PUFA which reduced the n-6 to n-3 ratio thus can offer more health benefits than grain-fed. The findings signify that grass-fed beef could exert protective effects against a number of diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as evidenced by the increased functional omega- 3 PUFA and decreased undesirable SFA. Although grain-fed beef showed lesser EPA, DPA, and DHA, consumers should be aware that greater portions of grain-fed beef could also achieve a similar dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Noteworthy, grain-fed beef contained higher total monounsaturated fatty acid that have beneficial roles in the amelioration of CVD risks than grass-fed beef. In Hanwoo beef, grain-fed showed higher EPA and DHA than grass-fed beef.

한국식품성분에 관한 연구 : 지방산 함량 측정(Ⅱ) Determination of fatty acid contents(Ⅱ)

이달수,권혁희,김소희,김인복,권오란,이혜영,장재희,최종택,김동술,윤인숙,박지영,강주희 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 식품의 종류에 따른 인공감미료(아스파탐, 삭카린나트릅)의 소비실태 파악하고 국내의 식이를 통해 실제섭처되는 인공감미료의 총 섭쒸량을 조사하여 Ffto/w됐0에서 설정한 일일섭취허용량(ADI)과 비교검토함으로서 인공감미료에 대한 ADI관련 기초자료를 확보하고, 인공감미료의 실제 섭취량과 현행 사용기준사이의 안전수준평가 및 사용기준에 환련된 국가정책반됨 자료로 활용하고rl수행하였파. 이에 똔 연국에서는 시증에서 유통되고 있는 제품중 시리얼, 껌, 캔디류, 다류, 주퓨, 쥬스, 탄산음료, 아이스크림, 발효유의 총 9종 239품목(아스파탐) 및 쥬스, 탄신음료, 어묵, 잣갈류의 총 4종 115품목(삭카린나트륨)을 래상으로 시료를 수짐한 후 분석대상식품별로 함량을 측정하고 국띤영양조사잔료에 근거하여 진제 섭취량을 산출하였다. HPLC에 의해 분석한 결과 아스파탐 분석데상식품의 회수율은 91.97~97,04%으로 매우 양호하였으며 대살식품 239품목중 22품목이 검출되었고, 검출된 대상식품별 평균농도 41.6~3308.OPpm으로 나타났다. 삭카린나트륨 분석대상식품의 회수율은 88.39~91.48%로 양호한 결과를 얻얼으며 대상식품 115품목중 6품목이 검출되었고, 검출된 대상식품별 편균농도는 8.3~41.appm의 범위였다. 국민영양조 사표의 식품별 1인 1일당섭취쟈과 평균검출농도를 곱한 일일추정섭취량(EDT)을 산출하였을 매 아스파탐은 2.334ing으로 ADI(0"40mg/kg b.w.fday을 국민평균체중 S5kg으로 환산하였을 래의 0~2200mg)와 배교하였을 때 파우 낮은 수치를 보였으며 삭카린나트륨도 0.259rng으로 ADI(e~Smg/kg b.w./day을 국민평균체중 55kg으로 환산하였을 때의 0"275ing)과 비교.하였을 때 매우 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 이상에서 가공식품을 통한 조사대상 인공감미료꿀 아스파탐과 삭카린나트륨의 한국인 일일섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 정가된 일일섭취허용량(ADT)의 1% 미만이므로 대상식품을 통한 첨가물 썹취는 안전하다고 평가된다. The types and quantity of fatty acids are very important fot the public health due to their different functions on the body and their relationship with the cardiovascular disease. Thus, it's necessary to establish fatty acid database, by which we can estimate more accurately nutritional ststus of the people. The fatty acid database, however, is lacking in Korea. Therefore, we determined fatty acid contents and the composition of 50 species in Korean common foods in 1996, and continued to do those of 60 species in 1997. And the results obtained were as follows. Grains, fungi, seeds nuts and pulses had much more n-6 fatty acids than any other fatty acids and the important n-6 fatty acid was linoleic acid. In contrast, vegetables and seafoods were high in n-3 fatty acids, and linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in case of leaff vegetables, on the other hand, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosaheraenoic acid were the major fatty acids in case of seafoods. Meats had high saturated fatty acids in comparison with other food groups. Monounsaturated fatty acid was relativety high in seeds · nuts and meats. The results will be basic data on several nutritional studies, education and policy to improve the public health and to prevent them from disease.

Dietary Fatty Acid Increases Body Weight Gain without a Change in Rumen Fermentation in Fattening Cattle

Kita, K.,Oka, M.,Yokota, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1

Dietary fatty acid including mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid was fed to fattening cattle and its effect on body weight gain, plasma lipid contents and rumen liquid fermentation in vitro was examined. In expt. 1, the effect of dietary fatty acid on body weight gain and plasma lipid concentrations was examined. In the control diet group, cattle were fed 1 kg/day of rice straw and concentrate which satisfied the requirement. In the fatty acid group, cattle were given 250 g/d of fatty acid with the same diet of the control diet group. In the excess concentrate group, cattle were given the same diet of the control diet group plus 735 g/d of concentrate corresponding to the same TDN of 250 g/d of fatty acid. Diets were given for 7 days. Body weight gain of cattle given dietary fatty acid was significantly greater than that of cattle fed only rice straw and concentrate. When dietary fatty acid was added to cattle feed, plasma NEFA and HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased. In expt. 2, the influence of dietary fatty acid on gas production and VFA profile in the rumen liquid was investigated in vitro. In the control group, 10 mg of rice straw and 90 mg of concentrate were incubated in the rumen fluid. In the excess concentrate group, 10 mg of rice straw and 97.5 mg of concentrate were incubated. In the fatty acid group, 10 mg of rice straw, 90 mg of concentrate and 2.5 mg of fatty acids were incubated. The rumen liquid mixed with feed materials was incubated for 24 h and the cumulative gas volume was measured. The VFA profile was also measured. Cumulative gas volume in the rumen liquid with fatty acid was equal to the control. Excess concentrate increased cumulative gas volume compared to the fatty acid group. There was no significant difference in total VFA concentration between experimental diet groups. It is suggested that dietary fatty acid has the potency to improve growth performance in fattening cattle without failure in rumen fermentation.

Unsaturated fatty acids protect trophoblast cells from saturated fatty acid-induced autophagy defects

Hong, Ye-ji,Ahn, Hyo-Ju,Shin, Jongdae,Lee, Joon H.,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Park, Hwan-Woo,Lee, Sung Ki Elsevier 2018 Journal of reproductive immunology Vol.125 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Dysregulated serum fatty acids are associated with a lipotoxic placental environment, which contributes to increased pregnancy complications via altered trophoblast invasion. However, the role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in trophoblastic autophagy has yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrated that prolonged exposure of saturated fatty acids interferes with the invasiveness of human extravillous trophoblasts. Saturated fatty acids (but not unsaturated fatty acids) inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, resulting in the formation of intracellular protein aggregates. Furthermore, when the trophoblast cells were exposed to saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids counteracted the effects of saturated fatty acids by increasing degradation of autophagic vacuoles. Saturated fatty acids reduced the levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, while unsaturated fatty acids maintained their levels. In conclusion, saturated fatty acids induced decreased trophoblast invasion, of which autophagy dysfunction plays a major role.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SFAs induce insoluble protein aggregation in trophoblasts. </LI> <LI> SFAs impair autophagosome-lysosome fusion in trophoblasts. </LI> <LI> UFAs attenuate SFA-induced protein aggregate formation. </LI> <LI> UFAs restore the invasive capabilities of trophoblasts. </LI> </UL> </P>

Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Chicken Breast Meat

Jean Pierre Munyaneza,조은진,김민준,장애라,추효준,이준헌 한국가금학회 2024 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.51 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the composition of the fatty acids in the breast meat of Red-brown Korean native chickens (KNC-R). This study used a total sample of three hundred eighty-two KNC-R (males: 190, females: 192). We used the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method to extract the fatty acids. A 2-way ANOVA of the R program was used to assess the effects of batch and sex on each fatty acid trait. Analysis of the fatty acid in the sampled population showed that the predominant fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1; 28.252%) which is monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; 20.895%), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and two omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs): linoleic (C18:2; 15.975%), and arachidonic (C20:4; 10.541%). Indices used to evaluate the nutritional quality of fat in the diet: ratio between PUFAs and SFAs (P/S), thrombogenicity index (TI), and atherogenicity index (AI) were calculated and were 0.959, 0.814, and 0.355, respectively. Currently, meat consumers need healthier fatty acids. Therefore, information on the content of fatty acid in chicken meat is very important for meat consumers in choosing the type of the meat to be consumed.

들깨 오메가 지방산의 기능과 함량변이 및 이용

柳守魯,李承宅,李正日,李在學 韓國作物學會 1996 Korean journal of crop science Vol.41 No.S

The n-3 family fatty acids containing α -linolenic acid(18:3, ALA) have been known as physiological activation materials such as inhibitory effects on the incidence of hyper-tension, coronary heart disease and cancers as well as the control of senilc dementia. Although a lot of ALA(about 63~% ) are contained in perilla oil, it has not been commercialized yet because the purification technique of the ALA has not been well established. The procedure of purification of ALA from perilla oil was saponified with 1 N-KOH /ethanol and then saturated and low level unsaturated fatty acids were removed by low-temperature crystallization method. The concentrated unsaturated fatty acids (containing about 75~% ALA) went down through the silver nitrate-impregnated silica column chromatography for separation of high purity of ALA. The results obtained we Fraction B, C and D contained ALA more than 85.5~% (recovery, >88.9~%,~;95.4~% (recovery, >54.4~% ) and 99.9~% (recovery, >31.5~% ) in purity, respectively. Seed oil content of the tested varieties were ranged from 34.8 to 54.1~% with 45.3~% of varietal means. The major omega fatty acids contained in the oil were oleic acid(n-9) 15.2~% , linoleic acid(n-6) 13.9~% and linolenic acid(n-3) 63.1~% in the mean value. Varietal variation of n-9, 6 and 3 fatty acids ranged of 9.5~~21.4~%,~;9.1~~20.4~% and 50.6~~70.5~% respectively. Unsaturated fatty acid were averaged 92.2~% of seed oil in fatty acid composition. The ratios of n-6 to n-3 ranged of 0.13~~0.34~% (0.22~% in mean value). The highest n-3 fatty acid variety was Yecheonjong being 70.5~% . The lowest variety in ratios of n-6 to n-3 was Goseongjong being 0.13~% . Oil content showed positive correlation with stearic acid and linolenic acid, while the negative correlation with oil content and linoleic acid. On the other hand, A significant negative correlation were showed between linolnic acid and the ratios n-6/n-3 fatty acid, saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid was highly correlated with unsaturated fatty acid negatively being r= -0.723** .

Study on the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and neutral lipid in Hanwoo beef and their relationship to genetic variation

( Seok-hyeon Beak ),( Yoonseok Lee ),( Eun Bi Lee ),( Kyoung Hoon Kim ),( Jong Geun Kim ),( Jin Duck Bok ),( Sang-kee Kang ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Maize which has very high omega-6 fatty acid content has been used as a main feed grain for Hanwoo beef production to increase marbling, and thus omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef is expected to be biased. To elucidate the current status of omega fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef, fatty acid profiles of neutral lipid and phospholipid fraction were analyzed separately using 55 Hanwoo steers’ longissimus dorsi muscle slaughtered at Pyeongchang, Korea from Oct. to Nov. 2015. In addition, an association study was conducted to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from references and omega fatty acid profiles in phospholipid of Hanwoo beef samples using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In neutral lipid fraction, composition of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower compared to those in phospholipid fraction. The mean n-6/n-3 ratios of Hanwoo were 56.059 ± 16.180 and 26.811 ± 6.668 in phospholipid and neutral lipid, respectively. There were three SNPs showing statistically significant associations with omega fatty acid content. GA type of rs41919985 in fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly associated with the highest amount of C20:5 n-3 (p = 0.031). CC type of rs41729173 in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was significantly associated with the lowest amount of C22:2n-6 (p = 0.047). AG type of rs42187261 in FADS1 was significantly linked to the lowest concentration of C20:4 n-6 (p = 0.044). The total n-6/n-3 ratio of the steer which has all four SNP types in above loci (27.905) was much lower than the mean value of the total n-6/n-3 ratio in phospholipid of the 55 Hanwoo steers (56.059 ± 16.180). It was found that phospholipid and neutral lipid of Hanwoo have very high n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the reported data from different cow breeds. Four SNPs in genes related with fatty acid metabolism showed significant associations with the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and may have potential as SNP markers to select Hanwoo steers in terms of n-6/n-3 balance in the future.

Whole-cell Biotransformation of Chlorella Oil Hydrolysates into Medium Chain Fatty Acids

Seo, Joo-Hyun,Min, Won-Ki,Lee, Jung-Hoo,Lee, Sun-Mee,Lee, Choul-Gyun,Park, Jin-Byung The Korean Society for Marine Biotechnology 2018 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.10 No.2

A synthetic pathway, which consisted of fatty acid double bond hydratase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, was applied to Chlorella oil to produce ester fatty acids, which can be hydrolyzed into medium chain fatty acids. Since linoleic acid is a major fatty acid constituent of Chlorella oil, a fatty acid double bond hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus NBRC13951, which is able to convert linoleic acid into 13-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, was used. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the fatty acid double bond hydratase from L. acidophilus NBRC13951 successfully transformed linoleic acid in Chlorella oil hydrolysates into 13-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid with approximately 60% conversion yield. 13-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid was further converted into ester fatty acids by the recombinant E. coli expressing a long chain secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase. The resulting ester fatty acids were then hydrolyzed into medium chain fatty acids by a lipase. Overall, industrially relevant medium chain fatty acids were produced from Chlorella oil hydrolysates. Thereby, this study may contribute to biosynthesis of medium chain fatty acids from microalgae oils as well as long chain fatty acids.