한중미 FTA에 의거한 전자원산지증명서의 상호교환에 관한 연구

박지문 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2019 지역산업연구 Vol.42 No.2

In terms of relations with Korea, the Korea-Chile FTA, the Korea-Peru FTA and the Korea-Colombia FTA are in effect. These C/Os are introducing certified exporters' autonomous verification system, and certified exporters do not need verification of origin by a public third party as they proves the origin of the self. Considering that the proof of origin of FTAs in developed countries including Korea will be changed to fully autonomous verification, the third party certificate requiring official certification by the authorities may be transitional. However, in the Latin American Caribbean countries, the introduction of autonomous verification is likely to increase as the international trade environment matures. For the time being, C/O seems to be focused on how efficient it can be in electronicization based on third party verification. This study analyzes the trade facilitation as paperless trade, and analyzes the e-C/O exchange status among Latin American countries based on this review. Also, the implications of the Korea-Latin American FTA and e-C/O exchange mutual cooperation will be analyzed. WTO의 무역원활화에 관한 협정(Agreement on Trade Facilitation) 발효와 경제협력개발기구 (OECD) 및 아시아태평양경제협력체(APEC)의 국경 간 서류없는 무역실현 등의 목표 하에 세계 주요 국가들의 국가 간 혹은 지역 간 통관자료교환시스템의 구축에 대한 관심이 급증하기 시 작하였다. 최근 들어 서류없는 무역조치(Paperless Trade Measures)는 국가의 무역경쟁력을 제고시켜줄 뿐만 아니라 국경 간 전자상거래의 증가에 따른 통관 및 물류 관련 문제 해결에 있어서도 중요한 변수로서 작용하고 있다. 그로 인해 한국 또한 물류비용 절감, 안정적 FTA 활용제고, 관세혜택 및 통관자료 교환 간소화를 위한 원산지증명서(Certificate of Origin, C/O) 의 전자적 교환 확대와 이를 위한 원산지자료교환시스템 구축 논의가 증가할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 서류없는 무역(Paperless Trade)으로서의 무역원활화에 대한 일반적 고찰을 한 후, 이를 바탕으로 중남미 국가 간 전자원산지증명서(Electronic Certificate of Origin, e-C/O) 교환현황을 분석하였다. 또한, 한?중미 FTA 및 e-C/O 교환 상호협력 방안에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다. 한편 중남미지역 국가별로 기술의 발전에 따른 무역원활화 정도를 보여주는 e-C/O 교환현황 및 향후 계획에 관해서는 국가별로 매우 상이한 편이다. 중남미지역의 국가 들 중에 칠레, 콜롬비아, 에콰도르의 경우 e-C/O 교환을 양자 간(bilateral)형태로 인접 국가들 과 활발히 교환중인 것으로 나타났다. 향후 한?중미 FTA에 의거하여 e-C/O 교환을 제안할 시 협정문 상의 원산지증명서 발급방식을 자율발급 방식을 채택하고 있으며 단일양식을 지정하 고 있기 때문에, e-C/O 교환을 위한 기본적인 형식은 갖추어진 상태라 볼 수 있다. 또한, e-C/O 교환 플랫폼이 형성되기 위해서는 국가별 단일창구 구축여부와 전자무역서류교환에 있어 국제표준을 따르는지 여부 및 합의에 이르기까지의 협력방안이 필요하다.

의료용구 품질향상을 위한 연구(Ⅲ) : 혈액백의 잔류가스(E.O)분석 Determination of the residual E.O in blood bag

장영경,최상숙,이흔파,김유선,정면우,손경훈,고인석 국립보건연구원 1994 국립보건원보 Vol.31 No.2

의료용구 품질향상을 위한 연구(Ⅰ) : 일회용 플라스틱 주사기의 잔류가스(E.O) 분석법에 대하여 Determination of the residual E.O in diposable plastic syringes

장영경,최상숙,최보경,이흔파,정경림,김유선,이규식,고인석 국립보건연구원 1992 국립보건원보 Vol.29 No.2

An Investigation of Characteristics of Chinese Bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum A.) Cultivated Soil

최장남,이왕휴 한국자원식물학회 2018 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.31 No.6

In order to understand the characteristics of soil according to the cultivation environment of Chinese bellflower(Platycodon grandiflorum A.), soil chemical properties of 12 collected soil samples from 6 cultivated fields in Okcheon,Chungbuk province in August. 2017 were analyzed. The soil pH was distributed within the range of 4.61 to 5.25 at allcultivation years and E.C (Electric Conductivity) and T-N (Total Nitrogen) of the cultivation year were not significant. Available P2O5 was higher than the average for medicinal crops and P. grandiflorum in Korea and C.E.C (Cation ExchangeCapacity) was inconsistent for each cultivation year. In particularly, it was validated that the content of exchangeablecations K, Ca, Ma, and Na in this experiment was similar to that of C.E.C according to the cultivation years, because C.E.Chad a high correlation with the exchangeable cations. For the available P2O5, as affected by trans-planting, 5Y-NT-H(cultivated 5 years and non-transplanted) had 58 mg/kg, while 5Y-T-H (cultivated 5 years and transplanted) had 246 ㎎/㎏. The soil pH was found to be lower (acidic) in diseased soils than healthy soils. E.C was confirmed to be was higher indiseased soils than healthy soils except for the one cultivated for 2 years. The contents of T-N and available P2O5 werehigher in diseased soil except for the one cultivated for 5 years and 11 years. The exchangeable cation K and Na tended tobe higher in diseased soils rather than that in healthy soils, and the exchangeable cation Ca and Mg contents were higher inhealthy soils than in diseased soils. The C.E.C of the soil was lower than that of healthy soils in all of the years except for theone which was cultivated for 5 years (transplanted).

후춧가루에 인위접종된 Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium에 대한 UV-C와mild heat의 살균 효과

곽승해,김진희,오세욱 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.6

The reduction effect of UV-C irradiation and mild heat treatment was examined against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on black pepper powder. E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 35150) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 19585) were inoculated onto black pepper powder at approximately 〖10〗^7and 〖10〗^6CFU/g, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium were treated with UV-C and mild heat at 60℃. A UV-C intensity (2.32 W/cm2 ) was used for 10 min to 70 min at 60℃. After UV-C and heat treatment at 60℃ , microbial analysis and color change of black pepper powder was conducted. E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium were reduced by a level of 1.89 and 2.24 log CFU/g, respectively, when treated with UV-C alone for 70 min. And E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium were reduced by 2.22, 5.10 log CFU/g, respectively, when treated with mild heat treatment at 60℃alone for 70 min. But when combined with UV-C and mild heat, it showed higher level of reduction were by 2.46, 5.70 log CFU/g.S. Typhimurium was more easily reduced than E. coli O157:H7. Color values were not significantly (p> 0.05) different in all treated samples. Therefore, these results suggest that the combined treatment with UV-C and mild heat was effective to inactivate the food pathogens in black pepper powder and can be used as a food industrial microbial intervention method.

구호물자에 담긴 냉전 : 주한 케아(C.A.R.E.)의 패키지로 살펴보는 냉전과 인도주의

한봉석 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2020 통일과 평화 Vol.12 No.1

NGO are the main players who are active in international development cooperation today. But there are few studies on “humanitarianism” and U.S. foreign aid during the Cold War. In this sense, it is necessary to look at the activities of C.A.R.E., humanitarian relief organization during the Cold War, through four package services: general package, food crusade, self-help package support, and U.S. surplus agricultural product support. First, the general package reflects the humanitarian aspect of the C.A.R.E. relief project in Korea. This was mainly close to the nature of emergency relief such as hunger, disaster, and war. On the other hand, food crusades and self-help package support are suspected of serving as “psychological warfare” or “propaganda” in the United States under the Cold War. Furthermore, C.A.R.E.’s business in Korea through U.S. support for surplus agricultural products showed that the charity organization during the Cold War was not free from the U.S. government nor the capitalist system. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, when the U.S. received the most support for surplus agricultural products, C.A.R.E.’s business in Korea was greatly influenced by the aid authorities. After the mid-1960s, American food companies wanted to replace surplus agricultural products. However, in the process, the review or response of the Korean government, which was a source country, did not function. In conclusion, the package support of C.A.R.E. in Korea was a humanitarian slogan, but it reflected the interests of the U.S. government and American companies during the Cold War. This is an example of the need for a critical review of humanitarian relief organizations in international development cooperation today. 오늘날 국제개발협력에서 활발하게 활동하고 있는 주체들로서 인도주의 구호단체들을들 수 있다. 인도주의 구호단체들은 ‘인도주의’를 표방하기 때문에, 흔히 그 활동의 기원이 냉전 하 미국 대외원조와 연결되어 있다는 점은 종종 간과되었다. 그런 의미에서 냉전 하 인도주의 구호단체였던 주한 케아의 활동을 중심으로 그 상관관계를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 주한 케아는 1949년부터 1979년까지 활동하였으며, 주로 4가지 패키지 사업을 통해인도주의 구호활동을 진행하였다. 이는 일반 패키지, 푸드 크루세이드, 자조 패키지 지원, 그리고 미국 잉여농산물 지원으로 구분된다. 먼저 일반 패키지는 주한 케아 구호사업의 인도주의적 측면을 반영한다. 이는 주로 기아, 재난, 전쟁 등의 긴급구호의 성격에 가까웠다. 반면 푸드 크루세이드와 자조 패키지지원은 냉전 하 미국의 ‘심리전’ 혹은 ‘프로파간다’로 기능한 혐의가 있다. 미국 정부는 주한 케아의 이 두 가지 사업을 통해 냉전 하 미국의 외교정책이 시민의 적극적인 지지를받고 있고, 인도주의적 맥락에서 기능하고 있음을 선전하고자 하였다. 그러나 미국 잉여농산물 지원을 통한 주한 케아의 사업은 냉전 하 자선단체가 미국정부는 물론 자본주의 체제로부터도 자유롭지 않았음을 보여주었다. 미국 잉여농산물 지원이 가장 많았던 1950년대 중반부터 1960년대 중반까지 주한 케아의 사업은 원조당국의 영향을 크게 받았다. 구호원조를 개발원조로 전용했던 ‘간척단 사업’이 한 예이다. 1960년대 중반 이후에는 미국 식품회사들이 잉여농산물의 자리를 대체하면서, 한국 시장에 진출하기도 하였다. 다만 이 과정에서 수원국이었던 한국정부의 검토나 대응은 사실상 기능하지 않았다. 결론적으로 주한 케아의 패키지 지원은 인도주의 구호를 표방하였으나, 냉전 하 미국정부 및 미국 기업의 이익을 적극 반영한 측면이 컸다. 이것은 오늘날 국제개발협력에서인도주의 구호단체에 대한 비판적 검토가 필요함을 보여주는 한 사례라고 할 것이다.

1950년대 미국 대한 기술원조의 역사적 한 맥락 – 제 2대 경제조정관 윌리엄 원(William E. Warne)의 활동을 중심으로

한봉석 (사)한국인물사연구회 2015 한국인물사연구 Vol.23 No.-

William E. Warne, the Former OEC Korea Coordinator, born in Indiana Seafield of the U.S. in 1905. It might be not so familiar for someone who doesn't interest in the Korean Modern Economy. but if you want to know the real situation during 1950's Korea, You suppose to be aware of him. He was not a single men who had just visited the Korea, but a symbol of the U.S. foreign aid during 1950's.; Especially, technical assistance, self-help, humanitarianism. We can see the details as follows. First, William E. warne was familiar with the concept what the technical assistance was. Technical assistance has been misunderstood in modern Korean scholar fields. Sometimes it had considered as 'technical part'. But it contains everything which can support the Capitalism focusing on the U.S. World market. This terms had originated since Point Four Program in 1949. William E. Warne was a "Dreamer" of the Project in Truman Regime. Then, 'Self-Help' concept has been a hot issue in the study of the U.S. Foreign Aid in R.O.K. But we can see the history of the term, Self-Help, where it came from. It had originated from the project of the U.S. in Latin America during WW2. The U.S. Government didn't want to aid big money to underdeveloped countries unlike Marshall Plan in West Europe. So they had made the concept like "Self-Help". William E. Warne used to comment this concept during his job at underdeveloped countries. Finally, We can understand why so many U.S. Government Officials had such a wired job out of the U.S. Point Four Program, William E. Warn had joined, had such concepts like humanitarianism. It might be not the perfect explanation, but it suggests some clue. We can see the detail by trace William E. Warne's Life. In conclusion, William E. Warne was the secondly coordinator of the O.E.C. during late 1950's in R.O.K. He had passed by the road which contains U.S. Foreign Aid to underdeveloped countries. We can get the scene what and why the U.S. officials did work in underdeveloped countries by tracing his past. That's why we focus on the life of William E. warne. So we can see what the aid was and why did the officials of the U.S. Came to the R.O.K.

1950년대 미국 대한 기술원조의 역사적 한 맥락

한봉석(Han, Bong-seok) 한국인물사연구회 2015 한국인물사연구 Vol.23 No.-

William E. Warne, the Former OEC Korea Coordinator, born in Indiana Seafield of the U.S. in 1905. It might be not so familiar for someone who doesn"t interest in the Korean Modern Economy. but if you want to know the real situation during 1950"s Korea, You suppose to be aware of him. He was not a single men who had just visited the Korea, but a symbol of the U.S. foreign aid during 1950"s.; Especially, technical assistance, self-help, humanitarianism. We can see the details as follows. First, William E. warne was familiar with the concept what the technical assistance was. Technical assistance has been misunderstood in modern Korean scholar fields. Sometimes it had considered as "technical part". But it contains everything which can support the Capitalism focusing on the U.S. World market. This terms had originated since Point Four Program in 1949. William E. Warne was a "Dreamer" of the Project in Truman Regime. Then, "Self-Help" concept has been a hot issue in the study of the U.S. Foreign Aid in R.O.K. But we can see the history of the term, Self-Help, where it came from. It had originated from the project of the U.S. in Latin America during WW2. The U.S. Government didn"t want to aid big money to underdeveloped countries unlike Marshall Plan in West Europe. So they had made the concept like "Self-Help". William E. Warne used to comment this concept during his job at underdeveloped countries. Finally, We can understand why so many U.S. Government Officials had such a wired job out of the U.S. Point Four Program, William E. Warn had joined, had such concepts like humanitarianism. It might be not the perfect explanation, but it suggests some clue. We can see the detail by trace William E. Warne"s Life. In conclusion, William E. Warne was the secondly coordinator of the O.E.C. during late 1950"s in R.O.K. He had passed by the road which contains U.S. Foreign Aid to underdeveloped countries. We can get the scene what and why the U.S. officials did work in underdeveloped countries by tracing his past. That"s why we focus on the life of William E. warne. So we can see what the aid was and why did the officials of the U.S. Came to the R.O.K.

중국 B2C 글로벌전자상거래 소비자의 구매체험 요인이 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구:S-O-R 모형의 적용을 중심으로

김창봉,유신동,이동준 한국통상정보학회 2022 통상정보연구 Vol.24 No.2

최근 B2C 글로벌전자상거래의 발전과 더불어 IT 기술발전으로 전 세계적인 전자상거래 플랫폼이 등장하게 되었다. 이를 통해 국경 간 통상환경의 발전이 촉진되었고 제품 및 서비스의 생산과 판매 등에 있어 기업의 세계화 기회가 비약적으로 높아지게 되었다. 이러한 측면에서 국경을 넘나드는 온라인 상거래를 촉진하는 요인인 플랫폼, 물류 서비스, 지급결제 방식 등의 효율성이 소비자에게 미치는 영향을 살펴볼 필요성이 나타난다. 본 연구는 기존 선행된 연구를 바탕으로 S-O-R(자극-유기체-반응) 모델을 이론적 기반으로 연구모형을 구축하였다. 여기서 B2C 전자상거래 활용에 수반되는 구매체험을 편의성 체험, 물류 서비스 체험 등 2가지 관점에서 살펴보고 고객만족도를 매개 변수로 설정하여 B2C 글로벌전자상거래 플랫폼에서 소비자 재구매 의도에 영향을 미치는 체험 요인을 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 알리바바, 징둥 등을 사용한 경험이 있는 중국 산둥성 내 소비자로 하였으며 적절한 자료수집을 위해 산둥성 국경 간 전자상거래협회 및 산둥성 전자상거래진흥협회 등을 중점적으로 참고하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석은 SPSS 26.0 statistics를 통한 요인분석, 위계적 회귀분석으로 하였으며 분석 결과, B2C 글로벌 플랫폼에서 제품을 구매할 때 구매체험이 고객만족도를 거쳐 재구매 의도에 미치는 유의한 영향을 검증할 수 있었다.

Effect of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide and UV-C Treatment on the Microbial Reduction and Color of Cherry Tomatoes

송현정,최동원,송경빈 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.5

effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) combined with UV-C irradiation on the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes were examined. Cherry tomatoes were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and then treated with 10 mg・L-1 ClO2, 5 kJ・m-2 UV-C, and a combination of ClO2/UV-C treatment. The populations of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in cherry tomatoes were reduced by 2.53 and 2.26 log CFU/g after treatment with aqueous ClO2, respectively. Treatment with UV-C irradiation also reduced the populations of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 by 2.58 and 2.65 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined treatment of ClO2/UV-C irradiation completely eliminated the inoculated bacteria during storage. Color measurement indicated that Hunter L, a, and b values were not significantly different among the treatments during storage. Therefore, these results suggest that the combined aqueous ClO2 and UV-C treatment could be useful in improving microbial safety of cherry tomatoes during storage without impairing the quality.