Oil Color의 자외선에 의한 내광성과 색채변화에 관한 연구 107

이헌형,박연선 한국색채학회 2013 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.3

근·현대미술은 새로운 미술사조의 등장과 함께 다양한 미술재료의 확산을 가져왔다. 그 중에 오일컬러(oil color)는 15세기 이후 종전에 주로 사용했던 프레스코화와 템페라화를 급속도로 대체하여 작품에 사용되었으며 현대에 이르기까지 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 미술사적 흐름 속에서 제작되었던 예술작품들은 자외선에 의해 색채변화가 일어나거나 퇴색되어 많은 작품들이 복원의 길을 걷는 것이 현 실정이다. 표면적인 색만을 인지하고 사용하였거나 유기안료와 무기안료의 서로 다른 색채보존능력에 대한 간과로 재해 및 가치 손실이 발생하고 있다. 특히 서로 다른 재료적 특성을 가진 색을 혼합했을 때 오랜 세월동안 변치 않는 색과 빠르게 변하는 색이 섞여 있어 처음 의도된 작품의 표현색이 사라지고 완전히 다른 색채의 작품이 되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 실험 연구에서는 자외선에 의한 오일컬러(organic․inorganic pigment)의 내광성을 실험하고, 측색한 정량화된 내광성 데이터를 Munsell H V/C 값과 CIE L*a*b* 값으로 제시 하였다. 오일컬러에 대한 내광성 실험결과 대부분의 무기안료가 유기안료보다 내광성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴(cadmium)과 코발트(cobalt) 안료는 단독 및 혼색 내광성에서도 변화가 없었으며, 안료 함량을 낮게 하는 화이트와의 혼색에서도 자외선에 견디는 내구성이 뛰어났다. 그러나 무기안료 중에 일부는 내광성이 약한 안료가 있었으며, 반대로 유기안료 중에 내광성이 뛰어난 안료가 있었다. 유기안료 중에 아조(Azo) 안료와 프탈로시아닌(phthalocyanine)안료는 내광성이 무기안료 못지않게 좋았다. 토성안료인 갈색(ochre, sienna, umber)계통의 색들은 자외선에 견디는 내광성이 우수하였다. 일부 색에서는 자외선과 열에너지에 의해 물성의 형질변형이 일어났다. 본 연구는 작품 제작에 대한 색채 계획을 할 때 작품 제작 의도와 목적에 적합한 색 재료를 선택하여 사용할 수 있도록 안료 특성에 따라 색을 구분하고, 물성 형질변형에 대한 문제 해결 방법을 제안하였다. 그러므로 색 재료의 특성과 변색 정도를 인지하고, 선택하여 사용함으로 색채변화로 인한 문화적 가치손실과 경제적 손실이 발생하지 않도록 미연에 방지하는데 큰 의미가 있다. 또한 작품 복원 과정에서 합리적인 색조합의 조색에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Contemporary art led to the emergence of new art forms along with increased use of diverse art materials. Among them, use of oil color increased fast, replacing the fresco and tempera which were used mostly prior to the 15th Century. Use of oil color is widespread today. However, the reality is that the artworks that were produced amidst this art history trend, need restoration since their color changes due to ultraviolet rays. Damage and loss of value result due to the use of merely superficial colors or due to the failure to recognize the different color preservation capabilities of organic and inorganic pigments. In particular, when colors with different material features are mixed together, this essentially means that colors that does not change for a long time gets mixed with the colors that change easily. As such, colors that change easily disappear, leaving behind artworks with completely different colors. This research’s experiment is a light stability experiment that studies the effect of ultraviolet rays on oil color(Organic․Inorganic Pigment). Value of the light stability data that was quantified after subjecting to colorimetric measurement using spectrophotometer was indicated into Munsell H V/C value and CIE L*a*b* value. Experiment demonstrates that the light stability of the inorganic pigment is superior to that of the organic pigment. Meanwhile, Cadmium and Cobalt pigment did not manifest light stability change both in the case of single color and mixed colors. Even when mixed together with white color with low pigment content, ultraviolet ray-resistance is superb. However, some among the inorganic pigments included pigments with weak light stability. On the contrary, there were pigments among the organic pigments with outstanding light stability. Azo and Phthalocyanine pigments among the organic pigments offered light stability that is comparable to that of the inorganic pigments. Colors of the Ochre, Sienna and Umber classes that are earthen pigments offer superb light stability that resist ultraviolet rays. Moreover, experiment demonstrates that the change in physical properties resulted from ultraviolet rays and heat energy. This study presented solution measures for the change in the physical properties' forms and enabled classification of colors depending on pigment features to facilitate selection and use of color materials that suit the purpose of artwork production when selecting colors for artwork. Thus, this research is meaningful since it can help to prevent loss of cultural and economic values caused by damage by helping to recognize the features of color materials and degree of color change as well as enduring discriminate selection. Moreover, this is expected to help mixing colors rationally during artwork restoration process.

미술치료 공간의 색채(빛)환경에 따른 대학생의 감성변화와 누리에 채색간의 상호관계

김선희,김정필,임지향 한국미술치료학회 2011 美術治療硏究 Vol.18 No.6

This study was conducted in order to understand the effects of color(light) environment of art therapy space on Nurie coloring and emotional change, as a first step for understanding the impact of color(light) environment of art therapy space on client's emotion. The color(light) environment of art therapy space was changed by using LED lightings which have different correlated color temperatures(CCT) of 7500K or 2900K. Emotional assessment and Nurie coloring were conducted for 50 number of university students by using emotional evaluation questionnaire proposed by Soon-Duk Jee(2007) and Aura Nurie by Suenaga Tamio, respectively, and the results were analyzed using a SPSS19.0. The results showed that the color(light) environment having CCT of 2900K caused emotions such as 'sentiment', 'relaxing', 'dignity', 'warm', and 'soft'. Meanwhile, the color(light) environment having CCT of 6500K caused emotions such as 'dynamic', 'clear', 'refreshing', 'vivid', and 'cool'. Futhermore, main colors of Nurie coloring, conducted under the different color(light) environment having CCT of 6500K, were analyzed as warm colors which are related to 'psychology with extroverted tendency' in color chart of 'Heart & Color'. However, main colors of Nurie coloring, conducted under the different color(light) environment having CCT of 2900K, were analyzed as cold colors which are related to 'psychology with introverted tendency' in color chart. In conclusion, the color(light) environment of art therapy space have significant impacts on the main colors of Nurie coloring and emotional change, which implies that client's emotion can be varied as color(light) environment of art therapy space changes. 본 연구는 미술치료실 조명의 색온도가 실험대상자의 감성변화에 미치는 영향과 누리에 채색에서 나타난 주조색의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 색온도 6500K 및 2900K의 LED조명이 설치된 미술치료실에서 20대의 대학생 50명을 대상으로 2011년 4월부터 2011년 6월까지 실험을 실시하였다. 감성평가는 지순덕(2007)에 의해 제시된 감성평가 설문지를 사용하였고 누리에 채색 분석은 컬러차트를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 미술치료실 조명의 색온도가 2900K인 색채(빛)환경은 정감 있고, 편안하고, 중후하며, 은은하고, 따뜻하고 고풍스러운 감성을 나타내었고, 색온도가 6500K인 색채(빛)환경은 활기 있고, 선명하고, 상쾌하며, 강렬하고 시원한 감성을 나타내었다. 또한 누리에 채색의 주조색 변화를 컬러차트를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 조명의 색온도가 낮은 2900K의 색채(빛)환경 하에서는 난색 계열의 외향적 심리 색상이, 조명의 색온도가 높은 6500K의 색채(빛)환경 하에서는 한색 계열의 구심적 심리 색상이 주조색으로 사용됨을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 조명의 색온도 변화로 만들어진 미술치료실의 색채(빛)환경의 변화가 실험대상자의 감성변화에 영향을 주었고 이에 따라 누리에 채색에서 나타난 주조색도 변화하였음을 알 수 있었다.

염분(鹽分)과 태양광(太陽光)에 동시(同時) 노출(露出)된 염색모발(染色毛髮)의 색상변화(色相變化)

강윤경 ( Yun Kyung Kang ),조지훈 ( Ji Hoon Cho ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Because three sides of our country is surrounded by the sea, chances are very high for our hair to be exposed to the saline air. Expecially, during the summer vacation time on the seashore, because our hair is directly open to the strong ultraviolet and the seawater, our hair is highly likely to be damaged. Until now, there have been several researches investigating effects of the solar light exposure on the chemico-physical change of hair; however, effects of the saline water on hair have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this thesis, the color change of the dyed hair is experimentally evaluated after dipping the hair in the saline water and exposing to the solar light. SEM images are also taken to compare and analyze the color change of the dyed hair with the degree of the surface damage. Through experiments, greater color change is measured on the hair which is dipped in the saline water with higher concentration and exposed to the solar light for longer period of time. This result means that the hair gets sensitive to the solar light leading to greater color change if the hair is affected to the saline water. Damaged hair also shows greater color change than the virgin hair because damaged hair is more sensitive to the solar light due to the surface damage. From surface investigation based on SEM images, hairs with greater color change have greater damages on its surface. Finally, the degree of color change and the surface damage of hair is greater for the hair dyed with reddish color (Black<Brown<Red<Yellow), which means that the hair dyed by red or yellow color reacts more actively with the solar light than the hair dyed by black or brown color.

교정치료 시 브라켓 부착 및 제거에 따른 치아색 변화

김석필,황인남,조진형,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 교정용 브라켓 부착을 위한 레진 접착부위 및 그 인접부위 즉, primer만 도포된 부위의 색변화를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 교정치료를 위해 발치된 60개의 건전한 소구치를 재료로 사용하여 분광측정기로 색을 측정한 후 CIE L*a*b* 색표계로 기록하였다. 20개의 소구치에 광중합형 접착레진으로 브라켓을 부착한 후 부착 전과 제거 후의 색을 측정하였으며 다른 20개의 소구치에는 primer만 도포하고 도포 전과 도포 후의 색을 측정한 후, L* 값을 이용하여 명암 변화를 살펴본 결과 브라켓 부착 및 primer 도포 모두의 경우 명도가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, a* 값과 b* 값을 이용하여 색상 변화를 살펴본 결과 황색이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 또한 측정된 L*a*b* 값을 이용하여 색변화를 산출하고 임상적으로 인지할 수 있는 색변화 값 3.7을 기준치로 하여 비교 및 분석을 시행한 결과 브라켓 부착 전과 제거 후의 색변화는 기준치보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며 primer 도포에 따른 색변화는 기준치보다 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 primer만 도포한 경우 칫솔질에 따른 색변화를 알아보고자 나머지 20개의 소구치를 대조로 하여 칫솔질을 시행한 결과 칫솔질 시행 후 색변화는 기준치보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 브라켓 제거 후 자연광 노출의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 모든 경우에 추가적으로 photoaging을 시행한 결과 부기적인 색변화는 기준치보다 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 교정치료를 위한 브라켓 부착으로 인해 브라켓 부착 및 인접부위의 치아색 변화가 있음을 의미하며 임상과정에서 이에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth color changes of resin bonding sites and their adjacent sites on orthodontic bracket bonding. Sixty extracted sound premolars were used and the tooth color was recorded according to the CIE L*a*b* color system using a spectrophotometer. The tooth colors of the twenty premolars were measured and compared before bracket bonding and after removal. On a further twenty premolars, the tooth color was measured before and after only primer application. In the change of L* values, according to the bracket bonding and primer application, the lightness was decreased, and in the change of a* and b* values, the color was changed into a more yellowish color. The color differences (ΔE*) were calculated from the L*a*b* values and compared with the standard value of clinical detection (ΔE*=3.7). The color differences between before the bracket bonding and after removal noted exceeded the standard value and those of between before and after the primer application were not larger than the standard value. Tooth brushing was performed after application of the primer to evaluate the color changes according to the primer abrasion. As a control, toothbrushing was performed on the last twenty premolars. The color differences noted were larger than the standard value after toothbrushing. Also, to evaluate the color changes of the tooth which is exposed to sun irradiation after bracket removal, additional photoaging was performed and the color was measured for all teeth. The additional color differences after photoaging were smaller than the standard value. The above results suggest that the tooth color changes after fixed orthodontic treatment.

Oil Color의 자외선에 의한 내광성과 색채변화에 관한 연구

이헌형(Hun-hyung Lee),박연선(Yon-sun Park) 한국색채학회 2013 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.3

근·현대미술은 새로운 미술사조의 등장과 함께 다양한 미술재료의 확산을 가져왔다. 그 중에 오일컬러(oil color)는 15세기 이후 종전에 주로 사용했던 프레스코화와 템페라화를 급속도로 대체하여 작품에 사용되었으며 현대에 이르기까지 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 미술사적 흐름 속에서 제작되었던 예술작품들은 자외선에 의해 색채변화가 일어나거나 퇴색되어 많은 작품들이 복원의 길을 걷는 것이 현 실정이다. 표면적인 색만을 인지하고 사용하였거나 유기안료와 무기안료의 서로 다른 색채보존능력에 대한 간과로 재해 및 가치 손실이 발생하고 있다. 특히 서로 다른 재료적 특성을 가진 색을 혼합했을 때 오랜 세월동안 변치 않는 색과 빠르게 변하는 색이 섞여 있어 처음 의도된 작품의 표현색이 사라지고 완전히 다른 색채의 작품이 되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 실험 연구에서는 자외선에 의한 오일컬러(organic?inorganic pigment)의 내광성을 실험하고, 측색한 정량화된 내광성 데이터를 Munsell H V/C 값과 CIE L*a*b* 값으로 제시 하였다. 오일컬러에 대한 내광성 실험결과 대부분의 무기안료가 유기안료보다 내광성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴(cadmium)과 코발트(cobalt) 안료는 단독 및 혼색 내광성에서도 변화가 없었으며, 안료 함량을 낮게 하는 화이트와의 혼색에서도 자외선에 견디는 내구성이 뛰어났다. 그러나 무기안료 중에 일부는 내광성이 약한 안료가 있었으며, 반대로 유기안료 중에 내광성이 뛰어난 안료가 있었다. 유기안료 중에 아조(Azo) 안료와 프탈로시아닌(phthalocyanine)안료는 내광성이 무기안료 못지않게 좋았다. 토성안료인 갈색(ochre, sienna, umber)계통의 색들은 자외선에 견디는 내광성이 우수하였다. 일부 색에서는 자외선과 열에너지에 의해 물성의 형질변형이 일어났다. 본 연구는 작품 제작에 대한 색채 계획을 할 때 작품 제작 의도와 목적에 적합한 색 재료를 선택하여 사용할 수 있도록 안료 특성에 따라 색을 구분하고, 물성 형질변형에 대한 문제 해결 방법을 제안하였다. 그러므로 색 재료의 특성과 변색 정도를 인지하고, 선택하여 사용함으로 색채변화로 인한 문화적 가치손실과 경제적 손실이 발생하지 않도록 미연에 방지하는데 큰 의미가 있다. 또한 작품 복원 과정에서 합리적인 색조합의 조색에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Contemporary art led to the emergence of new art forms along with increased use of diverse art materials. Among them, use of oil color increased fast, replacing the fresco and tempera which were used mostly prior to the 15th Century. Use of oil color is widespread today. However, the reality is that the artworks that were produced amidst this art history trend, need restoration since their color changes due to ultraviolet rays. Damage and loss of value result due to the use of merely superficial colors or due to the failure to recognize the different color preservation capabilities of organic and inorganic pigments. In particular, when colors with different material features are mixed together, this essentially means that colors that does not change for a long time gets mixed with the colors that change easily. As such, colors that change easily disappear, leaving behind artworks with completely different colors. This research’s experiment is a light stability experiment that studies the effect of ultraviolet rays on oil color(Organic?Inorganic Pigment). Value of the light stability data that was quantified after subjecting to colorimetric measurement using spectrophotometer was indicated into Munsell H V/C value and CIE L*a*b* value. Experiment demonstrates that the light stability of the inorganic pigment is superior to that of the organic pigment. Meanwhile, Cadmium and Cobalt pigment did not manifest light stability change both in the case of single color and mixed colors. Even when mixed together with white color with low pigment content, ultraviolet ray-resistance is superb. However, some among the inorganic pigments included pigments with weak light stability. On the contrary, there were pigments among the organic pigments with outstanding light stability. Azo and Phthalocyanine pigments among the organic pigments offered light stability that is comparable to that of the inorganic pigments. Colors of the Ochre, Sienna and Umber classes that are earthen pigments offer superb light stability that resist ultraviolet rays. Moreover, experiment demonstrates that the change in physical properties resulted from ultraviolet rays and heat energy. This study presented solution measures for the change in the physical properties" forms and enabled classification of colors depending on pigment features to facilitate selection and use of color materials that suit the purpose of artwork production when selecting colors for artwork. Thus, this research is meaningful since it can help to prevent loss of cultural and economic values caused by damage by helping to recognize the features of color materials and degree of color change as well as enduring discriminate selection. Moreover, this is expected to help mixing colors rationally during artwork restoration process.

샴푸 시술에 따른 산성코팅 염모제품의 색도변화에 관한 연구 Ⅰ

왕혜자(Hye-Ja Wang) 한국인체미용예술학회 2007 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.8 No.3

  In this paper, to investigate chromaticity change of acid-coloring hair dye by shampoo number of times, we measured chromaticity change on the domestic brand company"s products(Amos, Shinsung, Sarangsae). In the case of red color, SR co. was shown both lightness index(L*) and chromaticity index(a* and b*) big change while A co. and SS co. were very stable. In the case of yellow color, while lightness index(L*) and red-chromaticity index(a*) were seldom shown big difference, yellow-chromaticity index(b*) was shown big change. In the case of blue color, while SS co. and SR co. were very stable, a lightness index(L*) and yellow-chromaticity index(b*) of A co. altered greatly. In the effect for color space by products, A co."s chromaticity change was not big, and SS co"s a little change, SR co."s in red color and yellow color big change. Through the study of chromaticity change of acid-coloring hair dyeing product by shampoo number of times, could grasp tendency of chromaticity change by products and colors for domestic brand"s products.

퍼스널 네일 컬러 진단에 따른 네일 컬러링 일치도가 신체 이미지 변화 인지와 네일 컬러링 만족도에 미치는 영향

이현원,권혜숙 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the match between personal nail color and nail coloring had an effect on recognition of body image changes and satisfaction with the nail coloring of the subjects. It also looked at whether the correspondence between the nail color that the subject thought was well suited to them and the nail color diagnosed by the expert, and whether the degree of interest of the subject in the nail coloring affected these results. A review of literature, questionnaires, interviews, and experiments were used as research methods. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability verification, and 2x2x2 mixed design ANOVA. The findings were as follows. First, the subjects of this study were more sensitively aware of the positive effects such as reducing the disadvantages or improving the appearance of their hands when they applied their personal nail colors. They responded that they felt as if their skin color and the gloss of the hand were improved, or that some shortcomings such as wrinkles, blood vessels, and spots appeared lighter, or that their hands seemed smaller or softer, and the fingers looked longer. Second, when subjects colored their nails with the color that was diagnosed as suitable for them, they were more satisfied and they judged that the chosen color matched well with the color of their hands. Third, the perception of personal nail color, the interest in nail coloring, and the interaction effect between nail coloring interest and perception of personal nail color did not significantly affect the satisfaction of nail coloring.

펌과 탈색 교차시술에 따른 모발의 변화

박용 ( Yong Park ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study is to present a treatment method that is more effective and reduce hair damage, by measuring a scale state, physical damage, and color changes in hair given simultaneously operating the perm and the decoloration. A sample, which was utilized in this study, was used 200 strands by 10㎝ each as the hair, which hadn`t been performed the beauty treatment by chemicals for more than 1 year, targeting 5 healthy women in their 20s. After setting to 25±1℃ in temperature and to 50±10% in humidity, the scale was observed with×1000 magnifications by using Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi S-2500). Thickness measurement was used Nikon, MM-60/L3T. The load measurement was used Instron, 4482-standard. Color-tone level measurement was used Color Techno System, JP/JX-777. And then, the values in brightness, color, and chroma were analyzed by measuring Lab value, Yxy value, and CMYK value within the visual field of illuminant C 2°. The statistical processing was calculated average and standard deviation in the measurement value by using SPSS 12.0 statistical program. And, t-test and ANOVA were carried out. The following are the results on a change in hair in the de-coloring treatment after perm and in the perm treatment after decoloration. As a result of observing scale, the hair with the de-coloring treatment after perm was small in damage in light of being less broken in the scale form and less even in dissolution, compared to the hair with the perm treatment after decoloration. In the physical damage, the hair with the de-coloring treatment after perm was indicated to be a little better in maintaining intensity. In the stylistic level in wave, the significant difference was not indicated between the two treatment sequences. As a result of examining Lab value and Yxy value that show the color in hair, all showed significant difference. The hair with the de-coloring treatment after perm was indicated to be wholly high in Lab value, Yxy value, and CNYK value. And, in brightness, color, and chroma, it could be seen to be decolored into the brighter and clearer color. Accordingly, given the de-coloring and perm treatment at the same time, a case of being addressed the perm treatment before decoloration was less in hair damage and was excellent in an effect of decoloration.

퍼스널 컬러 관심도가 퍼스널 컬러 새치 염색 후 이미지 변화와 고객 만족도에 미치는 영향

강미란,임은진 대한미용학회 2023 대한미용학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Personal color emphasizes the importance of color as a concept that can be applied to the body by supplementing the body's weaknesses that change with age and capitalizing on its strengths. Therefore, facial wrinkles, melasma, and freckles caused by aging can become darker or lighter depending on selection of personal color. The degree of interest in the personal color system and the effect on image change and satisfaction after dyeing personal color gray hair were examined in this study. In this study, both online and offline surveys that included both males and females who had undergone gray hair dyeing at least once through personal color diagnosis were conducted, and 487 copies were used for the final analysis. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed for analysis of data in this study. According to the results of this study, the overall interest in personal color was lower than the normal level, indicating that the provision and utilization of various information in the field of hair beauty will be required in the future. In addition, regarding personal color interest, relatively higher overall personal color interest and personal color application by sub-factor was observed for females compared with males, suggesting the need for male customers' awareness and application. As interest in personal color increases, establishment of standards for marketing and demand setting for the customer base in the personal color application market may be necessary.

LED(R, G, B) 조명기구의 색상 및 패턴 변화에 대한 선호도 및 이미지에 관한 연구

장준호,박병철,최안섭 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.6

LEDs which are able to present various colors and patterns are widely being used in indoors and outdoors. When designing lighting environment using full-color LEDs, lighting designer should consider suitable colors and patterns of the lighting to satisfy with a purpose of space and its user. Therefore, obtaining information through a questionnaire, this study investigated preferences and associated images about various presentations of LEDs, and compares those results with previous similar studies. And comparing associated images of colors used in a questionnaire with that of colorations in literature, this study verified the relations between colors and colorations. Specifically, the purpose of this paper was to suggest basic data on the presentations of the lighting, when lighting designers are to plan lighting environments using full-color LEDs.