中炷 直接灸의 연소특성에 관한 실험적 연구

최연성,이건목,이건휘,김도호 대한침구의학회 2009 대한침구의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxa bucket moxibustion, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. Methods : We have selected the moxa bucket moxibustion. We have made a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We have examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : 1. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion so that it has 57.6℃ maximum temperature with 7g weight and 10mm height, if we use more weight of moxa or lower height of moxa, we can observe relatively elevated maximum temperature. We observed the maximum temperature following the measuring position of moxa bucket and we could see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket. 2. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 5g moxa and 10mm height so that it has 0.121℃/sec of maximum temperature gradient, and it has relatively high temperature gradient at lower weight and height condition. 3. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 7g moxa and 15mm height so that it has 4,135sec of the longest effective temperature combustion time. If we use more weight of moxa or higher height of moxa, we can observe relatively extended effective temperature combustion time. Conclusions : We observed the longest effective combustion time following the measuring position of moxa bucket. We can see a higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and a lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket.

溫筒灸의 燃燒特性에 관한 實驗的 硏究

최정선,윤주영,이건목,이건휘 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxa bucket moxibustion. Objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. Methods : We have selected of the moxa bucket moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : 1. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion that it has 57.6℃ maximum temperature with 7g weight and 10mm height, if we use more weight of moxa or lower the height of moxa, we can observe relatively elavated maximum temperature. We observe the maximum temperature following the measuring position of moxa bucket and we can see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket. 2. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 5g moxa and 10mm height that it has 0.121℃/sec of maximum temperature gradient, and it has relatively high temperature gradient at lower weight and height condition. 3. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 7g moxa and 15mm height that it has 4,135sec of the longest effective temperature combustion time, if we use more weight of moxa or higher height of moxa, we can observe relatively extended effective temperature combustion time. We observe the longest effective combustion time following the measuring position of moxa bucket. We can see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket.

Investigation of the load-bearing capacity of suction caissons used for offshore wind turbines

Bagheri, Pouyan,Son, Su Won,Kim, Jin Man Elsevier 2017 Applied ocean research Vol.67 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents the results of three-dimensional finite element analyses of the suction bucket foundation used for offshore wind turbines. The behavior of the bucket and the response of soil supporting the bucket in dense and medium dense sandy soils subjected to static horizontal load are investigated. Field tests results and a centrifuge model test are used to validate the numerical model. Dimensionless horizontal load-displacement and overturning moment-rotation relationships are derived utilizing the Power law and Buckingham’s theorem. The results show good agreement between the numerical analysis results and the straight lines obtained from the Power law until a specific value of horizontal load and overturning moment. Regarding stress behavior of soil supporting the bucket, due to soil densification and bucket movement, maximum stresses are seen near the bucket tip at the right inside of the bucket. The major part of the applied load is transferred by the bucket skirt. Numerical analysis modeling results show that the bucket rotation and displacement are highly dependent on the bucket geometry and soil properties in addition to loading conditions. Normalized equations and figures for the ultimate horizontal load and overturning-moment capacities are presented and can be used for the preliminary design of the bucket foundations in sandy soils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preliminary design equations and figures for bucket foundations are proposed. </LI> <LI> Presenting normalized equations and figures for bucket foundations using Power law. </LI> <LI> Bucket rotation and displacement are highly dependent on the bucket geometry. </LI> <LI> Maximum stresses are seen near the bucket tip at the right inside of the bucket. </LI> <LI> The largest soil displacement occurs near the lid inside of the bucket. </LI> </UL> </P>

청나라 사두의 조형적 특성에 관한 연구

이강,김승호 한국기초조형학회 2024 기초조형학연구 Vol.25 No.3

사두(渣鬥)는 사람에게 편의를 제공하는 기물로써 그 조형적 변화에는 각 시기 사람들의 생활방식과 생활 습관 그리고 생산 기술 등 여러 방면에서의 영향이 반영되어 있다. 그러나 사두에 관한 기존 연구는 주로 예술적 형식에 국한되는 등 형태 변화에 대한 연구는 다소 부족한 실정이었다. 사두라는 도구의 측면에서 봤을 때, 기존 연구의 성과는 주로 사두 형태의 기원, 사두의 기능과 사용, 사두 및 사두와 관련된 물품과의 비교 분석, 사두의 예술적 특징 등이라고 할 수 있다. 다만 상술한 다양한 연구적 성과와는 달리, 청나라 시대의 사두를 총체적인 부분에서 소소한 곳까지 아우를 수 있는 변화 및 발전에 관련한 연구는 다소 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 청나라 시대의 사회적 관습 변화가 당시의 사두 형태 변화에 중요한 영향을 미친 요소라는 것을 상정한 뒤, 청나라 사두 형태가 총체적 구조에서 분리형 구조로 변화되는 부분을 알아보는 것에 그 목적을 두었다. 해당 연구 목적 달성을 위해, 본 연구는 예술 사회학의 방법을 바탕으로 다음 세 가지 측면에 대한 연구를 진행했다. 이 부분을 통해 청나라 시대 이전 사두의 기능과 조형적 발전 과정을 더욱 잘 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 다음으로 청나라 사두의 구조가 총체적인 부분에서 분리 형태로 변화되는 과정 및 청나라 사두의 조형적 특징을 분석했다. 이 부분에서는 시두의 변화 과정을 종합적으로 파악하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다. 마지막으로 청나라 사두는 청나라 사람들의 생활 습관의 영향을 받았기에 음용으로서의 새로운 기능 및 컵 모양의 구조를 생성했다. 결국 청나라 사두는 일반적인 형태적 특성에서 다양성으로의 변화 추세를 지니게 되었다. 본 연구는 사두를 연구 대상으로 한다. 하지만 옛날 기물의 조형적 변화와 사람들의 생활 습관 사이의 영향 관계에 대해서 연구를 한다는 관점에서 새로운 사고의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. As a living object serving people, the shape change of slag bucket reflects the influence of people's life style, living habits, production technology and other aspects on slag bucket objects in various periods. However, the existing research on the slag bucket mainly focuses on the source trace of the slag bucket type, the use function and use scenario, and the artistic characteristics of the slag bucket objects. However, these research results pay little attention to the evolution and development of slag bucket shape from whole to separation in Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study how the shape of the slag bucket in Qing Dynasty changed from the whole structure to the separated structure by taking the change of social living habits in Qing Dynasty as an important factor affecting the shape change of the slag bucket in Qing Dynasty. In order to achieve this research goal, this study will adopt the research method of sociology of art to analyze. The specific content will be studied from the following three aspects. First of all, it combs the influence of people’s living habits on the use function and modeling characteristics in the historical development of slag bucket. Secondly, it analyzes the change of the structure of the slag bucket in the Qing Dynasty from the whole to the separation and the modeling characteristics of the slag bucket in the Qing Dynasty. Finally, under the influence of people’s living habits in the Qing Dynasty, the slag bucket produced a new use function as drinking and a cup-shaped structure. In the end, the Qing Dynasty slag bucket not only has a general change trend in the shape characteristics to diversity, but more importantly is affected by people’s living habits, slag bucket through the structural change from the whole to the separation to meet people’s needs for drinking. Although this study only focuses on slag buckets, it provides a direction for thinking from the perspective of studying the relationship between the changes in the shape of ancient artifacts and people's living habits.

모래지반에서 버켓기초 설치에 의한 지반교란 평가

김재현,이승태,김동수 한국지반공학회 2018 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.34 No.11

Bucket foundations are widely used in offshore areas due to their various benefits such as easy and fast installations. A bucket is installed using self-weight and the hydraulic pressure difference across the lid generated by pumping out water from inside the bucket. When buckets are installed in high permeable soil such as sands, upward seepage flow occurs around the bucket tip and interior, leading to a decrease in the effective stress in the soil inside the buckets. This process reduces the penetration resistance of buckets. However, the soil inside and outside the bucket can be disturbed due to the upward seepage flow and this can change the soil properties around the bucket. Moreover, upward seepage flow can create significant soil plug heave, thereby hindering the penetration of the bucket to the target depth. Despite of these problems, soil disturbance and soil plug heave created by suction installation are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the behavior of soil during suction installation. To comprehend the phenomena of soil plug heave during installation, a series of small-scale model tests were conducted with different testing conditions. From a series of tests, the effects of tip thickness of bucket, penetration rate, and self-weight were identified. Finally, soil properties inside the bucket after installation were approximated from the measured soil plug heave.

점성토 지반에 설치된 Tripod 버켓기초의 지지거동 분석

김성렬(Kim Sung-Ryul),정재욱(Jeong Jae-Uk),오명학(Oh Myounghak),권오순(Kwon Osoon) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.32 No.3

해상 풍력발전기의 기초로 사용되는 버켓기초에는 수평하중과 모멘트가 크게 작용한다. 그러므로, 수평하중과 모멘트에 대한 지지력을 증가시키기 위해 3개의 단일 버켓기초를 묶은 Tripod 버켓기초가 적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 ABAQUS(2010) 해석을 수행하여 점토 지반에 근입된 Tripod 기초의 무리효과와 지지력을 분석하였다. 변수연구를 위해 버켓간 간격비 S/D(S=버켓과 타워중심간의 거리, D=버켓 직경)와 근입깊이비 L/D(L=버켓의 지반 근입깊이)를 변화시키며 해석을 수행하였다. 구성모델은 정규압밀 점토지반에 대해 Tresca 항복기준을 적용한 탄성-완전 소성 모델, 그리고 버켓기초에 대해 탄성모델을 적용하였다. 하중조건은 절점의 변위를 증가시키는 방법으로 연직, 수평 그리고 모멘트 하중을 재하하였다. 해석결과로부터, 단일 버켓기초와 Tripod 기초의 지지거동과 지지력을 비교한 후 단일 버켓의 지지력을 이용하여 Tripod 기초의 지지력을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다. Bucket foundations, which are used in the foundations of offshore wind turbines, should be able to withstand large amounts of horizontal and moment loads. Tripod bucket foundation, which combines three single buckets, has been used to increase horizontal and moment capacities. This study performed numerical analysis using ABAQUS (2010), to analyze the group effect and the bearing capacity of a tripod bucket in clay. Parametric studies were performed varying the bucket spacing ratio S/D (S=spacing between the centers of the bucket and the tower; D=diameter of the bucket) and depth ratio L/D (L=embedded length of skirt). The applied constitutive models were a linear elastic perfectly plastic model with Tresca yield criteria for normally consolidated clay and an elastic model for buckets. Loading in the vertical, horizontal, and moment directions was simulated with an increase in each movement at a reference point. The bearing behavior and the capacities of a single and a tripod bucket were compared. Capacity evaluation method of the tripod bucket was suggested using the capacity of a single bucket.

Development and Effectiveness Analysis of Bucket Design for Para Ice Hockey Players

Wanho Jang,Jongbae Kim 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop a bucket design for two para ice hockey players. In the development of the bucket, the needs of the target were derived through consultation. We used a scanner to shape the body in order to develop a bucket suitable for the body. The bucket was designed using a 3D modeling software. K-QUEST 2.0 was used to evaluate the satisfaction of the developed bucket. Overall, the scores of buckets and bucket service were marked high. Future studies should be undertaken to supplement the bucket design.

Seismic Response of Bucket Foundations for Offshore Wind Tower

Olalo Leonardo T.,추연욱,양상국,서지훈,배경태 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.15 No.5

This study aims to investigate seismic response of bucket foundations for the support of offshore wind tower. The prototype design of the bucket foundation was scaled down with a scaling number of 1/240 to manufacture the model. An additional gravity base foundation(GBF) model was prepared and its diameter is same with the bucket. The dynamic centrifuge tests for both models installed in sandy soil were carried out at 60 G resulting in the 1/4 scale prototype. Two real earthquake motions, Kobe and El Centro earthquakes were applied to the models. The earthquake motion scaled with peak accelerations from 0.02 G to 0.2 G was excited at the base of the soil container. The acceleration at the platform level (i.e. the connection of the tower and foundation) for the bucket foundation is lower than that of the GBF. The types of earthquake affected the responses at the platform. The displacement at the platform level of the bucket was also lower than the GBF. The contact pressure was at the bottom invert of both models and skirt surface of the bucket. The contact pressure at the bottom invert of the GBF significantly increases with increasing excitation while that of the bucket is negligible. The contact pressure at the skirt surface of the bucket significantly increases due to seismic loading.

컴퓨터 디자인 기반 모노스키 버킷 사용에 따른 장애인 알파인 스키 선수의 운동학적 특성 변화 연구: 사례 연구

구도훈 ( Do Hoon Koo ),은선덕 ( Seon Deok Eun ),현보람 ( Bo Ram Hyun ),권효순 ( Hyo Sun Kweon ) 한국운동역학회 2014 한국운동역학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of CAD (Computer Aided Design) based alpine mono-ski bucket design on disabled ski athletes` kinematic characteristics. Two national team ski athletes with LW11 disabilities (Locomotion Winter Classification) category for sit ski participated in both pre and post experiment. Both of the subjects performed 3 trials of carved turn on a ski slope under two conditions. Where, subject “A” performed pre experiment with personal bucket and post experiment with the newly developed CAD based bucket whereas, Subject “B” as control subject performed both pre and post experiment with his personal bucket. For the experiment, 24 Infrared cameras were positioned on the ski slope which covered the path of the ski turn. Also, motion capture suit with reflective markers were worn by both subjects. In the result, decrement in medial/lateral displacement of COM, anterior/posterior displacement of COM, flexion/extension angle of trunk as well as velocity losing rate of COM was observed in subject “A” when using the newly developed CAD based bucket. In contrast, no larger effect on performance was observed when using personal buckets. In conclusion, the findings obtained from the study indicated effectiveness of newly developed CAD based bucket by reducing excessive movement of hip and trunk which is an important factor to perform an effective turn.

Evaluation of cyclic and monotonic loading behavior of bucket foundations used for offshore wind turbines

Bagheri, Pouyan,Kim, Jin Man Elsevier 2019 Applied ocean research Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Suction caissons are considered as an alternative foundation solution for offshore wind turbines. In the present study, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses are performed to assess the behavior of a bucket foundation and soil supporting the bucket under cyclic and monotonic loading conditions. A parametric study is also performed for a wide range of bucket geometries and two different soil densities. The results indicate that bucket geometry and soil properties significantly affect the foundation response due to cyclic loading conditions. The bucket with the smallest geometry installed in medium dense soil exhibits the lowest stiffness in initial loading and then with the progress of cyclic loads experiences lower stiffness compared to the caissons with larger geometries. The sensitivity of the foundation response to the soil density is higher than its geometry. The bucket under the lowest vertical load experiences the lowest stiffness in both virgin loading and during the progress of cyclic loads. The highest soil displacement is observed near the lid at the interior of the bucket. Stresses caused by cyclic loading belong to certain ranges. Additionally, increases in the skirt length result in increases in the stress ranges and shift the range to the right side. With respect to the monotonic loading conditions, normalized diagrams are proposed that can be used for the preliminary design of suction bucket foundations.</P>