시․공간 활동인구 추정에 의한 통행수요 예측

엄진기 대한교통학회 2008 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.26 No.5

The conventional four-step travel demand model is still widely used as the state-of-practice in most transportation planning agencies even though it does not provide reliable estimates of travel demand. In order to improve the accuracy of travel demand estimation, implementing an alternative approach would be critical as much as acquiring reliable socioeconomic and travel data. Recently, the role of travel demand model is diverse to satisfy the needs of microscopic analysis regarding various policies of travel demand management and traffic operations. In this context, the activity-based approach for travel demand estimation is introduced and a case study of developing a spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach that estimates travel demand through forecasting number of people present at certain place and time is accomplished. Results show that the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach provides reliable estimates of both number of people present and trips actually people made. It is expected that the proposed approach will provide better estimates and be used in not only long-term transport plans but short-term transport impact studies with respect to various transport policies. Finally, in order to introduce the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach, the data such as activity-based travel diary and land use based on geographic information system are essential. 기존의 4단계 교통수요추정 모형은 거시적인 장래 교통수요 예측을 위해 사용되어 왔으나 정확성에 대한 문제가 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 장래 수요추정의 정확성을 높이기 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 자료의 확보, 장래 사회․경제 지표의 예측의 합리성 등 근본적 해결방법이 있으며 모형의 추정방법을 달리하는 것도 상당히 중요한 해결방법이라 하겠다. 과거와 달리 교통수요추정 모형은 단순히 교통인프라 구축에 따른 교통수요추정과 같은 거시적인 분석뿐만 아니라 교통수요관리정책의 효과분석, 교통운영분석의 적용 등 미시적인 분석에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 활동기반 교통수요추정에 대하여 소개하며 통행자의 일일 활동에 대한 조사를 기반으로 한 시․공간 활동인구 추정을 통한 통행수요를 예측하였다. 연구결과 개별 건물단위의 시간대별 활동인구의 추정은 비교적 정확한 것으로 분석되었으며 예측된 통행수요 또한 정확성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 시․공간 활동기반모형은 거시적인 교통수요추정뿐만 아니라 미시적 추정이 가능하므로 다양한 미시적 교통체계분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 이를 위해 활동기반 자료와 토지이용에 대한 공간자료(GIS)의 확보가 필수적이라 하겠다.

멘사 뇌기반 움직임 프로그램 모형 개발

진윤희 한국무용교육학회 2023 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

In this study, a brain-based and learning-based Mensa movement education program model was developed by introducing the principles and rules of Mensa game (cube, puzzle, board) to the movement program components in order to im- prove diffusion thinking and creative problem-solving skills. A classification program was constructed using the overall learning strategy element centered on inquiry activities through interaction. Among the brain-based learning principles, it was divided into four categories: brain integration and anal- ysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern and brain and society. A program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movements. It will be possible to form a new discourse in the field of dance for movement programs in which physical activity is expected to affect brain activity. Through expert secondary verification, it will be able to give great meaning in the academic context of brain activity by suggesting that brain development of elementary school students can be possible through movement ac- tivities by exploring in-depth while reducing errors that may occur in the program. Based on the results of future research, it is also expected that various effects of the more specific Mensa movement program and the systematic composition of textbook development are also expected. Among the four principles of brain-based learning, ‘brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern, brain and society’ a program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movement. Among the brain- based learning principles, a program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of the four components of ‘brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern, and brain and society’ to move- ment. Among the brain-based learning principles, it was divided into four catego- ries: brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern and brain and society. A program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movements. In this study, a brain-based and learning-based Mensa movement education program model was developed by introducing the principles and rules of Mensa game (cube, puzzle, board) to the movement program components in order to im- prove diffusion thinking and creative problem-solving skills. A classification program was constructed using the overall learning strategy element centered on inquiry activities through interaction. Among the brain-based learning principles, it was divided into four categories: brain integration and anal- ysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern and brain and society. A program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movements. It will be possible to form a new discourse in the field of dance for movement programs in which physical activity is expected to affect brain activity. Through expert secondary verification, it will be able to give great meaning in the academic context of brain activity by suggesting that brain development of elementary school students can be possible through movement ac- tivities by exploring in-depth while reducing errors that may occur in the program. Based on the results of future research, it is also expected that various effects of the more specific Mensa movement program and the systematic composition of textbook development are also expected. Among the four principles of brain-based learning, ‘brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern, brain and society’ a program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movement. Among the brain- based learning principles, a program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of the four components of ‘brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern, and brain and society’ to move- ment. Among the brain-based learning principles, it was divided into four catego- ries: brain integration and analysis, brain memory system, brain and pattern and brain and society. A program model was developed as a component that applied the rules and strategies of 12 Mensa Select games to movements. <key words> brain-based learning, dance, movement, physical activity, mensa, selctgame, rule, elementary school students <주요어> 뇌 기반 학습, 무용, 움직임, 신체활동, 멘사, 셀렉트게임, 규칙, 초등학생

Characteristics of Firms Engaged in Real activity based Earnings anagement: Evidence from Korea

강선아,전성빈 한국회계학회 2010 회계학연구 Vol.35 No.2

This paper aims to examine the characteristics of firms that are suspected to be engaged in real activity based earnings management after controlling for abnormal accruals. A real activity based earnings management directly changes a firm’s underlying operations which potentially sacrifices the firm’s future cash flows whereas an accruals based one is just a way of representing the firm’s underlying activities through a choice of accounting methods. Prior research suggests that managers have incentives to use real activities even though they know that future cash flows are sacrificed for boosting current earnings by using them. We try to infer the reason why managers are engaged in real activity based earnings management by identifying the characteristics of those firms. Firm characteristics in prior studies are mostly examined for firms that manipulate earnings using only abnormal accruals as a proxy of earnings management. To observe characteristics of earnings managing firms, it is useful to investigate firms that are highly likely to manipulate earnings using real activities and/or accruals. We concentrate on a sample of right offering firms that are documented to inflate earnings to enhance stock prices before they issue new shares. We also confirm those results based on a full sample for robustness. We compare firms that are more actively engaged in real activity based earnings management with firms that are less active in manipulating earnings using real activities. Those firms classified as being engaged in real activity based earnings management for the SEO(Seasoned Equity Offering) turn out to be more mature, smaller, less flexible financially, less profitable, and having lower ownerships. It is also found that audit quality is not associated with real activity based earnings management in the SEO sample. Consistent and much stronger results are found in a full sample except the audit quality variable, i.e., higher audit quality is related with lower real activity based earnings management for the full sample. The result implies that firms offering new shares have such a strong incentive to boost their earnings that they engage in earnings management regardless of the reputation of external auditor. A main contribution of this paper is that we identify characteristics of firms engaged in real activity based earnings management, unlike prior studies which tried to identify the characteristics of firms engaged in earnings management without considering different types of earnings management. The empirical evidence provides an insight into manager’s motivations to choose earnings management tools and contribute to future studies dealing with real activity based earnings management.

창의적 체험활동 지역사회 운영모형 개발 연구Ⅰ

이기봉,김현철,윤혜순,송민경,최은지,한효원 한국청소년정책연구원 2011 한국청소년정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

이 연구는 지역사회 자원을 활용한 창의적 체험활동 운영모형을 개발하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 창의적 체험활동이 창의성이나 인성 또는 역량 계발이라는 궁극의 목표에 도달하기 위해서 실천적으로 ‘동기’ 의 형성이라는 중간목표 달성이 중요하고, ‘동기의 형성’ 을 위해서는 청소년의 요구에 맞춘 체험활동의 기회가 제공되어야 하며, 이를 위해서 지역사회자원이 유기적으로 연계되어야 한다는 것이 이론적 논의를 통해서 얻은 결론이다. 이러한 이론적 논의를 바탕으로 지역사회 연계 초기모형에서 장기적으로 도달해야 할 장기모형에 이르는 가설적 수준의 창의적 체험활동 지역사회 운영모형을 도출하였다. 일본의 「트라이 야르 위크」와 「종합적인 학습시간」, 아일랜드의 「전환학년제」와 같은 외국사례는 이론적 논의를 통해서 제시된 창의적 체험활동 지역사회 운영모형의 실현가능성을 지지해주며, 학생의 요구에 맞춘 지역사회연계형 장기체험활동 사례로서 정책적 시사점을 제공한다. 전국의 중고등학교 1학년생과 초중고 창의적 체험활동 담당교사들을 대상으로 한 창의적 체험활동 관련 조사를 통해서도 청소년들의 요구를 반영한 체험활동의 필요성과 학교-지역사회 간 연계의 필요성이 도출되었다. 가설적으로 제시된 창의적 체험활동 지역사회연계 운영모형으로부터 도출된 시범사업 모형을 토대로 수도권의 2개 지역에서 코디네이터기관과 시범학교를 지정하여 시범사업을 운영하였으며, 시범사업운영결과로부터 초기단계에서 실행가능한 창의적 체험활동 지역사회 자원연계 운영모형을 도출하였다. 시범사업운영을 통해 시범학교의 창의적 체험활동지원사업이 활성화되고, 지역사회에서의 코디네이터기관의 위상이 높아지는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해서 다음과 같은 정책제언을 제시하였다. 첫째 지역사회 청소년 체험활동을 활성화시키기 위해 중앙부처 및 지자체의 마스터플랜이 수립되어야 한다. 둘째, 지역사회 코디네이터 기관 및 코디네이터 육성이 시급하다. 셋째, 지역사회 코디네이터 기관에 대한 컨트롤 타워 및 컨설팅 그룹이 필요하다. 넷째, 다양한 형태의 창의적 체험활동 운영방식이 개발되어야 한다. 다섯째, 지역사회 창의적 체험활동 활성화를 위한 예산확보가 필요하다. 여섯째, 교사와 코디네이터의 소진을 막을 수 있는 대책마련이 필요하다. The purpose of this research project is to develop an operational model for experience-based creative activity program that takes advantage of regional and community resources. From theoretical reviews and discussions were drawn some preliminary conclusions that need to be applied to the experiment; (1) it is essential to get participants motivated at the initial stage of experiment in order to achieve the ultimate goals of having them cultivate their creativity, capability, and positive personality on their own (2) participants should be provided with needs-based activities in order to get motivated (3) regional resources should be fully and organically interrelated with the operation of activity program. Based on these theoretical assumptions, we designed both a short-term and a long-term operational program experience-based creative activities. Some successful examples from Japan and Ireland such as [Try やる (yam) Week] and [Period for Integrated Study] (Japan) or [Transition Year] (Ireland) heightens the possibility of success of the operational program model prepared for this research project. These examples also suggest that the future policy should be more focused on the developing of needs-based, community-connected, long-term, and experience-based activity program. The results from a nation-wide survey that involved 1st graders, 7th graders, and 10th graders from various regions and also teachers who have experiences with experience-based creative activity program demonstrate that there is a high demand for needs-based activity programs and connection between school and community. We applied a pilot operational program to coordinating agents and schools selected for this project in two regions of the metropolitan area, and developed a model that facilitates connection between experience-based creative activities and community resources at the beginning stage of the operation. The schools’ support for the activity program has increased, and the communitys recognition of the coordinating agents has been enhanced during the pilot intervention. From the application of the designed model were made the following conclusions: First, a master plan should be developed by both the central government and the community government in order to promote community-based creative activity program. Second, developing community-based coordinating agents is important. Third, supervising authority and experts consulting system for the community coordinating agents is required. Fourth, diverse methods of operating experience-based creative activity program should be developed. Fifth, funds for promoting community-based activity programs are needed. Sixth, personal support system for the participating coordinators and teachers should be developed.

성공적인 가치기반판매를 위한 영업활동 프레임워크 구성과 영업활동 요소에 관한 사례연구

정순보 ( Soonbo Chung ),정승렬 ( Seung Ryul Jeong ) 한국지식경영학회 2021 지식경영연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 가치기반판매의 영업프로세스에서 영업의 성공적인 전개를 위해 필요한 영업활동 프레임워크를 제시하고 성공적 가치기반판매를 위한 개별 영업활동의 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 가치기반판매를 영업프로세스에서 절차적 진행으로 이해하며, 이를 영업활동 프레임워크에 통합하고, 영업활동을 세분화하여 성공적 수행을 위한 주요 활동 요소를 파악한다면 가치기반판매 본연의 효과를 나타낼 수 있다. 가치기반판매의 성공에 관계하는 영업활동을 문헌연구와 적용 사례의 실증을 통해 영업프로세스에 기반하여 영업활동 프레임워크에 반영하고, 성공적 전개를 위한 개별 영업활동의 세부요소를 사례연구를 통해 파악한다. 문헌연구와 현장 영업 실무를 통해 다섯 단계의 영업프로세스에서 13가지 영업활동을 제시하며, 사례연구를 통해 성공적인 가치기반판매를 위한 총 42개의 세부 영업활동을 향상된 영업활동 프레임워크에서 파악한다. 이 연구를 통하여 영업프로세스에서 가치기반판매의 영업 기능이 올바른 활동으로 수행되고 있는지, 그리고 특정 고객과의 영업 기회가 가치 기반 영업활동을 계속할 수 있는지 여부를 평가할 수 있는 역할을 영업활동 프레임워크를 통해 제공한다. 영업활동 프레임워크는 성공적인 가치기반판매를 위한 지침 역할을 한다. The purpose of this study is to present a framework for sales activities necessary for the successful sales development in the sales process of value-based selling and to explore individual sales activities for successful value-based selling. When we understand value-based selling as a procedural progression in the sales process, integrate it into the sales activity framework, and segment your sales activities to identify the key activity elements for successful execution, the intrinsic effect of value-based selling can be achieved. Sales activities related to the success of value-based selling are reflected in the sales activity framework based on the sales process through literature studies and application cases in actual sales field, and detailed elements of individual sales activities for successful deployment are identified through case studies. Through literature research and sales practice in actual field, 13 sales activities are presented in the five-stage sales process, and 42 detailed sales activities for successful value-based selling through case studies are identified in an improved sales activity framework. Through this study, the sales activity framework provides a role in evaluating whether the sales function of value-based selling is being performed as a correct activity in the sales process, and whether sales opportunities with specific customers can continue value-based selling activities. The sales activity framework serves as a guide for successful value-based selling.

이익조정기업들의 특성에 관한 연구: 실질활동을 이용한 이익조정을 중심으로

강선아 ( Sun A Kang ),전성빈 ( Sung Bin Chun ) 한국회계학회 2010 會計學硏究 Vol.35 No.2

본 논문은 실질활동을 이용하여 이익을 조정한 기업들의 특성을 구분한다. 실질활동을 이용하여 이익을 조정하는 방법은 기업의 영업 및 투자의사결정을 조정해서 이익을 조정하기 때문에 미래현금흐름이 희생되는 특징이 있는 반면, 발생액을 통한 이익조정방법은 회계적인 선택을 이용하여 기업의 활동을 표현하는 방식을 조정하는 방법이므로 미래현금흐름과 무관한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 경영자가 당기이익을 높이기 위해 실질활동을 이용할 경우 기업의 미래현금흐름이 희생되는 것을 알고 있음에도 불구하고 이러한 방식을 선택하는 데에는 어떤 동기가 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 경영자들이 실질활동을 통해서 이익을 조정하는 이유를 간접적으로 찾기 위해 이러한 기업들의 특징을 분석한다. 선행연구에서 알려진 이익조정기업의 특징들은 사후적으로 이익조정이 밝혀진 기업들 또는 재량적 발생액을 이용하여 이익조정을 한 기업들에 관한 것이다. 따라서 실질활동을 이용하여 이익을 조정하는 기업의 유인을 찾기 위해서는 기존의 이익조정기업특징들로부터 실질활동을 상대적으로 더 많이 이용하는 기업들의 특징을 구별할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 특징들을 찾기 위해, 주가를 높이기 위해 이익을 상향 조정하는 것으로 알려진 유상증자사건을 이용한다. 특히 이익조정 시 상대적으로 실질활동을 더 많이 이용해서 이익을 조정하는 기업들의 특징을 구분한다. 연구의 결과, 이익조정 시 실질활동을 상대적으로 더 많이 이용하는 기업들의 특징은 오래된 기업이나 규모가 작고 유동성이 낮으며 수익이 저조하고 소유권이 분산된 특징을 보였다. 연구결과의 강건성을 확보하기 위해 전체표본을 대상으로 분석을 실시한 결과도 유상증자 표본에서는 유의하지 않았던 감사품질 변수가 유의한 것을 제외하고 모든 특성들이 더욱 유의하게 나타나 본 결과의 일관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 일반적으로 외부감사의 품질이 일반적으로 실질활동을 이용한 이익조정을 어느 정도 억제할 수 있지만, 유상증자기업의 경우에는 이익조정의 유인이 강하기 때문에 외부감사품질과 무관하게 이익을 조정한 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 논문은 기존에 알려진 이익조정기업의 특성에는 실질활동과 발생액을 이용한 기업들의 특성이 혼재되어 있는 상황에서, 실질활동을 통해서 이익을 조정한 기업들의 특성을 구별했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. 본 연구결과는 이익조정의 대용치를 추정모형에 의존한다는 한계점을 가지고 있지만, 이익조정방법을 선택하기 위한 경영자의 동기 및 차후 실질활동과 관련된 연구에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of firms that are suspected to be engaged in real activity based earnings management after controlling for abnormal accruals. A real activity based earnings management directly changes a firm`s underlying operations which potentially sacrifices the firm`s future cash flows whereas an accruals based one is just a way of representing the firm`s underlying activities through a choice of accounting methods. Prior research suggests that managers have incentives to use real activities even though they know that future cash flows are sacrificed for boosting current earnings by using them. We try to infer the reason why managers are engaged in real activity based earnings management by identifying the characteristics of those firms. Firm characteristics in prior studies are mostly examined for firms that manipulate earnings using only abnormal accruals as a proxy of earnings management. To observe characteristics of earnings managing firms, it is useful to investigate firms that are highly likely to manipulate earnings using real activities and/or accruals. We concentrate on a sample of right offering firms that are documented to inflate earnings to enhance stock prices before they issue new shares. We also confirm those results based on a full sample for robustness. We compare firms that are more actively engaged in real activity based earnings management with firms that are less active in manipulating earnings using real activities. Those firms classified as being engaged in real activity based earnings management for the SEO(Seasoned Equity Offering) turn out to be more mature, smaller, less flexible financially, less profitable, and having lower ownerships. It is also found that audit quality is not associated with real activity based earnings management in the SEO sample. Consistent and much stronger results are found in a full sample except the audit quality variable, i.e., higher audit quality is related with lower real activity based earnings management for the full sample. The result implies that firms offering new shares have such a strong incentive to boost their earnings that they engage in earnings management regardless of the reputation of external auditor. A main contribution of this paper is that we identify characteristics of firms engaged in real activity based earnings management, unlike prior studies which tried to identify the characteristics of firms engaged in earnings management without considering different types of earnings management. The empirical evidence provides an insight into manager`s motivations to choose earnings management tools and contribute to future studies dealing with real activity based earnings management.

이야기 기반 활동 중심 초등 영어 수업 개발 및 실행에 대한 연구

김혜리,정유경 미래영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop an activity-based storytelling for beginning learners, and then apply the program in primary English education. The following research questions were proposed: 1) In what ways can the activity-based storytelling program be developed? 2) What aspects of children's language use as a foreign language are explored through the act of the program developed? In an attempt to answer those questions, diverse forms of data were collected and analyzed. The data analysis yielded the two findings. The first finding is to develop a model of an activity-based storytelling class using the following procedures. First, a teaching method was explored through the development of the lesson model and text selection. Three steps were planned in the lesson models, named 'pre-activity,' 'storytelling,' and 'post-activity.' Second, activities that bring out the learners' active involvement were planned according to the three types of texts. Third, the children showed positive changes in their attitudes towards the activity-based storytelling class. It implies the necessity of the program. The second finding is to explore the process of children's language development through the activity-based storytelling program. First, the successful effects of the models on oral language development were ascertained. Children's recognition of the written language was observed along the listening and speaking achievement. Third, children could integrate 4 language skills through diverse activities. Based on the results of this study, implications on activity-based storytelling classes for lower grades and suggestions for future studies are offered:

개인의 복합적인 특성에 따른 활동유형 분석

나성용,이승재,김주영 대한교통학회 2014 대한교통학회지 Vol.32 No.5

활동기반 모형은 개개인의 다양한 일상 활동을 교통계획의 의사결정단위로 파악하고, 인간의 활동으로 인해 파생된 통행을 분석한다. 즉, 동일한 활동패턴 집단의 유형의 사회경제적, 상황적 특성에 따라 어떤 활동을 수행할 것인지를 결정하고 활동수행주체의 활동시간, 공간의 이동, 교통수단을 선택하는 행위에 대한 예측을 수행한다. 통행은 개인과 다른 사람들이 참여하여 이루어지는 복합적인 의사결정 과정으로 간주되기 때문에 이를 통한 활동기반모형은 교통수요 예측에 있어 보다 효율적이면서 현실에 부합한 수요추정을 수행 할 수 있다. 이러한 과정에서 개인의 하루 활동유형을 선택하는 과정은 매우 중요하며, 이에 따라 활동기반 모형의 통행이 발생된다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 개인의 활동유형 선택에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하고, 개개인의 특성에 따라 활동유형 선택행태를 분석하였다. 먼저 통행사슬 유형과 활동목적을 검토하여 활동유형을 분류하고, 활동유형선택에 영향을 미치는 개개인의 사회경제적 특성변수를 도출하였다. 다음으로 활동유형별 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 모형을 구축하여, 활동수행주체의 복합적 특성에 따라 선호되는 활동패턴에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 결론적으로 활동유형의 선택은 활동수행주체의 복합적인 특성에 의존하며, 장래 활동기반 교통수요 예측에 있어 개인의 복합적인 특성이 활동기반 모형의 활동스케줄 결정 과정에서 고려되어야 함을 시사하고 있다. Activity-based models analyze individuals' various daily activities that are identified as a decision-making unit for transportation planning. In other words, it is the model that determines the types of activities according to the social, economic and situational characteristics of the groups with the same activity patterns and predicts individuals' activity time, distance, spatial movement and transportation mode. The activity-based model is a method of estimating more efficient and realistic demand in transportation forecasting because traffic is regarded as a complex decision-making process that an individual and other people participate in. In this paper, we grasp the factors affecting choice behavior of activity pattern and analyze choice behavior of activity pattern based on multi-dimensional characteristic of each person. First, we classify activity types of reviewing the trip chain and activity purpose. Next, we identified preferable activity types using complicated characteristics of main agent of activity. We concluded that choice behavior of activity pattern is dependent on complex characteristics of each agent, and further multi-dimensional characteristics of each person are affected over the whole decision process of activity schedule.

음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동이 유아의 음악능력 및 신체표현능력에 미치는 효과

배희진 ( Hee Jin Bae ) 한국달크로즈유리드믹스학회 2009 종합예술과 음악학회지 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동이 유아의 음악능력 및 신체표현능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 다루고자 하는 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 실시한 실험집단과 주관적 음악감상활동을 실시한 비교집단 유아들의 음악능력 발달(듣기, 리듬표현, 노래 부르기, 악기다루기, 음악적 창의력)에 차이가 있을 것인가? 둘째, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 실시한 실험집단과 주관적 음악감상활동을 실시한 비교집단 유아들의 신체표현능력 발달(동작의 다양성, 방향성, 시간성, 흐름변화, 표현성)에 차이가 있을 것인가? 연구대상은 대구광역시에 소재하고 있는 K유치원과 S유치원 2곳의 만 5세 유아 48명을 실험집단 24명, 비교집단 24명으로 구성하였다. 음악능력 검사 도구는 Loten과 Walley(1979)의 Recording Skill Development in Music에 제시된 총 89개 문항의 음악발달 검사를 이영희(2004)가 32문항으로 수정한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 신체표현 능력 검사를 위해서는 Laban(1975)의 이론을 기초로 배현숙(1990)이 작성한 도구를 김은심(1994). 주미정(1998), 김미중(2004)이 수정, 보완한 검사 도구를 사용하였다. 실험기간은 17주간이었으며, 실험집단에서는 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 실시하였고, 비교집단에서는 주관적 음악감상 활동을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 절차는 검사자 훈련, 예비검사, 사전검사, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 주 2회로 총 24회를 13주에 걸쳐 실시, 사후 검사의 순서로 이루어졌다. 자료처리는 유아들의 음악능력 발달과 신체표현능력 발달의 분포를 살펴보기 위하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였으며, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동이 유아의 음악능력발달과 신체표현능력발달에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하기 위해 두 집단 음악능력, 신체표현능력의 하위요소 사전 검사를 공변인으로 한 공분산분석(ANCOVA)를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 실시한 실험집단은 비교집단에 비해 유아의 음악능력 발달에 향상이 있었다. 즉 음악능력 발달 하위요인인 듣기, 리듬표현, 음악적 창의력이 증진되는 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동을 실시한 실험집단은 비교집단에 비해 신체표현능력 발달에 향상이 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 음악적 요소 중심의 감상활동이 유아의 음악능력과 신체표현능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 활동임을 말하며 유아 교육 현장에 적용할 수 있음을 시사한다. This study was designed to understand the effects of musical element based appreciation activity on children`s musical skills and expressive movement ability. The main issues in this study are as follows; First, is there any difference in development of musical skills (such as, listening skills, rhythm expression, singing, instrument manipulation, musical originality) between the experiment group with musical element based appreciation activity and the comparison group with subjective music appreciation activity Second, is there any difference in development of expressive movement ability (such as, diversity of motions, orientation, timing, flow variation, expressivity) between the experiment group with musical element based appreciation activity and the comparison group with subjective music appreciation activity? 48 children with 5 years of age from K and S kindergarten in Tae-gu were included and divided into two groups, experiment group with 24 children and comparison group with 24 children. Musical skills were examined by 32 modified questions by Lee Young Hee(2004) extracted from 89 questions in Recording Skill Development in Music by Loten & Walley(1979). Expressive movement ability was measured according to Bae Hyun Suk`s method based on Laben`s theory(1975) modified by Kim Eun Sim, Ju Mi Jeong, Kim Mi Jung. Musical element based appreciation activity was performed for the experiment group and subjective music appreciation activity for the comparison group for 17 weeks. Inspector training, pre-measure, preliminary exam, and musical element based appreciation activity, and post-measure were taken twice a week for 13 weeks sequentially. Mean and standard deviation was calculated. ANCOVA`s test with musical skills and expressive movement ability as subcomponents was used to compare both groups. Results are as follows. Musical skill development, including listening, rhythm expression, and musical originality as subcomponents was improved with the experiment group. Second, expressive movement ability development was improved with the experiment group. In conclusion, musical element based appreciation activity is an effective method to improve musical skills and expressive movement ability, and can be applied directly to education fields.

영화를 활용한 실용 영어 표현 학습 방안 연구: 스토리 중심 활동을 기반으로

김혜정 ( Hyejeong Kim ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2015 Studies in English education Vol.20 No.4

This study aims to consider how story-based activities have an effect on learning practical expressions. It compares story-based and expression-based activities. It is also concerned about which activity is more helpful in retaining expressions for long-term memory. The better we retain and memorize practical expressions, the more helpful it can be for using memory-dependent language skills. This study uses the American film, Jerry Maguire, which contains a lot of practical expressions and also an engaging story. To identify, compare, and contrast the differences between story-based and expression-based activities, experimental and control group are set up. The control group focuses on memorizing and practicing some expressions within the film regardless of content, while the experimental group places emphasis on story flow and content when memorizing expressions. To broadly look into the distinctions between the groups, two tests and open-ended questionnaire are administered. The results show that both expression-based and story-based activities have positive effects on learning practical expressions. However, over time, students engaged in story-based activities improve their score more than those doing expression-based activities, meaning that story-based activities may be more helpful to retain a large number of practical expressions.