미세먼지 여지의 무게 측정을 위한 저비용 계량챔버 개발 및 성능평가

박준현,임호진 한국환경과학회 2023 한국환경과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Filter and microbalance sensitivity in measuring fine particulate matter mass is greatly influenced by particulate properties and environmental factors. Temperature and humidity control inside a measuring chamber with a microbalance, and neutralization of static charges on filters are essential for consistent filter weighing. Commercial weighing chambers are expensive with a unit price of tens of millions won. This study developed an inexpensive weighing chamber for weighing fine particulate matter and evaluatedits weighing performance. A microbalance with 1 μg precision was used to measure the weight of a filter. The microbalance was set in a transparent acrylic enclosure (100 x 60 x 65 cm3) equipped with temperature and humidity control equipments. Weighing performance of the chamber was examined using Teflon filters with or without different particulate sample types. Temperature and humidity were maintained at approximately 23.2±1.2 ℃ and 36.2±1.8℃ for 8 days, respectively.

고속축중기를 활용한 과적단속시스템의 과적 억제효과 분석

권순민,정영윤,이경배 한국도로학회 2012 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.14 No.5

PURPOSES : The aim of this study is to analyze overloading control effectiveness of enforcing overweighted vehicles using HS-WIM (High-Speed Weigh-in-Motion) at main lane of expressway. METHODS : To analyze the weight distribution statistically, HS-WIM system should has an appropriate weighing accuracy. Thus, the weighing accuracy of the two HS-WIM systems was estimated by applying European specifications and ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) for WIM in this study. Based on the results of accuracy test, overweight enforcement system has been operated at main lanes of two expressway routes in order to provide weight informations of overweighted vehicle in real time for enforcement squad. To evaluate the overloading control effectiveness with enforcement, traffic volume and axle loads of trucks for two months at the right after beginning of the enforcement were compared with data set for same periods before the enforcement. RESULTS : As the results of weighing accuracy test, both WIM systems were accepted to the most precise type that can be useful to applicate not only statistical purpose but enforcing on overweight vehicles directly. After the enforcement, the rate of overweighted trucks that weighed over enforcement limits had been decreased by 27% compared with the rate before the enforcement. Especially, the rate of overweighted trucks that weighed over 48 tons had been decreased by 91%. On the other hand, in counterpoint to decrease of the overweighted vehicle, the rate of trucks that weighed under enforcement limits had been increased by 7%. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it is quite clear that overloading has been controlled since the beginning of the enforcement.

맹자 권도론의 덕 윤리학적 함축

정용환 동양철학연구회 2012 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.72 No.-

이 글에서는 맹자의 권도론을 분석해봄으로써 덕 윤리학이 결과주의 윤리학이나 의무론과 어떤 점에서 다른지를 살펴본다. 첫째, 맹자의 권도론은 어떤 행위에 좋은 결과와 함께 부득이하게 수반되는 나쁜 결과, 곧 이중효과를 경우에 따라 허용한다. 맹자가 이중효과를 허용하는 이유는 우선적으로 요구되는 중요한 동기를 반드시 실천해야 하는 경우가 있기 때문이다. 둘째, 맹자의 권도론은 동기주의에 기초한다. 맹자의 권도론은 최대의 결과를 추구하기 위해서가 아니라 최선의 동기를 실현하기 위해 제시된 이론이다. 맹자가 제시한 형수의 사례를 통해 이중효과의 상황에서 왜 행위자의 동기가 먼저 고려되어야 하는지를 파악할 수 있다. 셋째, 권도론은 유덕한 삶을 위해 보편적 의무를 구체적 상황에 맞게 조정한다. 칸트의 의무론에서 보편타당한 정언명제는 예외 없이 지켜야하는 무상의 의무로서 객관화되지만, 맹자의 덕 윤리학적 입장에서 보자면 이러한 객관주의적 의무론은 동기의 측면에서 다양한 도덕 감정들을 고려하지 않음으로써 의무를 맹목적인 것으로 만들 우려가 있다. 맹자에 의하면 의무는 보편적 견지에서의 객관적 정당화와 더불어 최선의 동기를 헤아리는 주관적 정당화가 반드시 요청된다. 맹자의 권도론은 이중효과와 같은 현실적 상황에서 최선의 동기를 헤아려 거기에 부합하는 도덕 법칙을 실천하며, 유덕한 삶 역시 그러한 숙고와 실천을 통해서만 가능하다고 본다. The aim of this essay is to understand several features of Mengzi's virtue ethics which is distinct from deontological and consequential ethics by analyzing his theory of weighing or quan 權. First, the theory accepts double effect that our good intended behavior unavoidably produces some bad effects because there are cases of emergency we ought to practice first of all. Second, the theory depends on motivation. The reason why the theory allows us some double effect is to practice the best motive rather than the best result. I try to adopt Mengzi's motivational approach to understand many cases of double effect. Third, the theory implies that universal obligations should be applied to emergent cases of double effect by weighing them. According to Mengzi's view, Kantian deontology objectifies the categorical imperative and universal principle as absolute obligations to follow but these deontological obligations can be a kind of blind rule by excluding motives in cases of double effect. Mengzi thinks that moral obligation should not only be justified by universal and objective principles but also by motivational context. Mengzi's moral view suggests that our moral rules should be weighed in emergent cases of double effect by depending on the concept of the best motivation, and that a virtuous life can be realized by our weighing.

논문 : 맹자 권도론의 덕 윤리학적 함축

정용환 ( Yong Hwan Chung ) 동양철학연구회 2012 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.72 No.-

이 글에서는 맹자의 권도론을 분석해봄으로써 덕 윤리학이 결과주의 윤리학이나 의무론과 어떤 점에서 다른지를 살펴본다. 첫째, 맹자의 권도론은 어떤 행위에 좋은 결과와 함께 부득이하게 수반되는 나쁜 결과, 곧 이중효과를 경우에 따라 허용한다. 맹자가 이중효과를 허용하는 이유는 우선적으로 요구되는 중요한 동기를 반드시 실천해야 하는 경우가 있기 때문이다. 둘째, 맹자의 권도론은 동기주의에 기초한다. 맹자의 권도론은 최대의 결과를 추구하기 위해서가 아니라 최선의 동기를 실현하기 위해 제시된 이론이다. 맹자가 제시한 형수의 사례를 통해 이중효과의 상황에서 왜 행위자의 동기가 먼저 고려되어야 하는지를 파악할 수있다. 셋째, 권도론은 유덕한 삶을 위해 보편적 의무를 구체적 상황에 맞게 조정한다. 칸트의 의무론에서 보편타당한 정언명제는 예외 없이지켜야하는 무상의 의무로서 객관화되지만, 맹자의 덕 윤리학적 입장에서 보자면 이러한 객관주의적 의무론은 동기의 측면에서 다양한 도덕감정들을 고려하지 않음으로써 의무를 맹목적인 것으로 만들 우려가 있다. 맹자에 의하면 의무는 보편적 견지에서의 객관적 정당화와 더불어 최선의 동기를 헤아리는 주관적 정당화가 반드시 요청된다. 맹자의 권도론은 이중효과와 같은 현실적 상황에서 최선의 동기를 헤아려 거기에 부합하는 도덕 법칙을 실천하며, 유덕한 삶 역시 그러한 숙고와 실천을 통해서만 가능하다고 본다. The aim of this essay is to understand several features of Mengzi`s virtue ethics which is distinct from deontological and consequential ethics by analyzing his theory of weighing or quan 權. First, the theory accepts double effect that our good intended behavior unavoidably produces some bad effects because there are cases of emergency we ought to practice first of all. Second, the theory depends on motivation. The reason why the theory allows us some double effect is to practice the best motive rather than the best result. I try to adopt Mengzi`s motivational approach to understand many cases of double effect. Third, the theory implies that universal obligations should be applied to emergent cases of double effect by weighing them. According to Mengzi`s view, Kantian deontology objectifies the categorical imperative and universal principle as absolute obligations to follow but these deontological obligations can be a kind of blind rule by excluding motives in cases of double effect. Mengzi thinks that moral obligation should not only be justified by universal and objective principles but also by motivational context. Mengzi`s moral view suggests that our moral rules should be weighed in emergent cases of double effect by depending on the concept of the best motivation, and that a virtuous life can be realized by our weighing.

공자의 권(權) 개념과 인간의 유형

김형,정세근 범한철학회 2021 汎韓哲學 Vol.100 No.1

『논어』에서 사용되는 권(權)은 기본적으로 도량(度量) 행위를 가리킨다. 또한 ‘공학(共學) →적도(適道)→입(立)→권(權)’의 단계를 통해 구체적 현실로 나아가는 과정에서 실천적 행동 을 의미하는 ‘저울질’을 가리킨다. 입신(立身)의 최고 유형으로 권은 거론된다. 또한 공자는 여러 일민의 무리 가운데 저울질에 능숙한 인물의 예시로 이일과 우중을 언급한다. 이들은 모두 자신의 목숨을 유지한 인물들로 이때의 권은 행위자의 생명을 보전하는 것을 그 목적 으로 하고 있다. 은자의 유형 가운데 권에 해당되는 인물들이 역사 속에서 실재했다. 아울러 그 모두에 속하지 않는 공자의 삶도 나아갈 때와 물러설 때를 아는 이상적인 성인으로 맹자 에 의해 평가되기도 한다. 공자의 권은 인간과 행위의 유형을 그릴 때 등장한다. 그럼에도 공자의 권 개념을 이후에 강조되는 윤리적 원리나 가치로 여기기는 이르며, 유가의 권도를 공자가 말하는 인(仁)과 같이 그에게 온전한 시원을 두는 것은 지나친 것으로 보인다. The term of Quan(expediency) in Analects literally denotes an action of weighing. It also means a practical behavior of weighing for the concrete phenomenal world. For example, it is a process from Studying together to Going to truth, from Going to truth to Establishing self, from Establishing self to Weighing or expediency. Expediency is said to be an most ideal way for establishing one’s body. Confucius mentioned about Yiyi and Wuzhong those w ho d id w eigh p erfectly among many a nchorets. B oth o f t hem h ad ever preserved their lives. At this situation the term expediency aims at surviving actor’s life. There were actual expediential people in ancient history. In addition, Confucius who did not belong to any types of anchoret was e valuated a s a s age who knew the moment t o go ahead and b ack b y Mencius. The analysis of c lassic usage let u s know that t he conception of expediency was comparatively naive and used not in consistent notion but in variety.

'95 쓰레기 종량제 시행 이후의 쓰레기 발생특성에 관한 연구

김종규 京畿專門大學 1995 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.23

행위지침 제시에 효과적인 생명의료윤리학적 방법론 모색

목광수(Kwang Su Mok) 철학연구회 2014 哲學硏究 Vol.0 No.105

Tom Beauchamp and James Childress’s Principles of Biomedical Ethics has been considered one of the most prominent and important works in bioethics. It has been significantly revised for sophistication between the 1st edition (1979) and the 7th edition (2012). In the 1990 article, Bernard Gert and Danner Clouser criticized that Beauchamp and Childress’s principlism did not suggest a moral reasoning for actionguiding. If this critique is appropriate, it could be a significant fault for Bauchamp and Childress because, as many biomedical scholars do, they also believe that a theory of biomedical ethics should resolve a moral conflicts for action-guiding. In order to respond to this critique, in the 4ed edition (1994) Beauchamp and Childress introduced a strategy of “specification” and “balancing and weighing” for action-guiding and emphasized its theoretical priority over rival reasoning for action-guiding, such as casuistry. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Beauchamp and Childress’s strategy is effective for action-guiding and, if not, to search for an effective reasoning for action-guiding. I criticize that Beauchamp and Childress’s strategy does not provide the most adequate or justified resolution for action-guiding because it cannot resolve the problem of indeterminacy which the balancing strategy traditionally faces. I argue that Beauchamp and Childress’s strategy should be compensated by casuistic reasoning, especially a argument of agent with moral characters and of education for her. It is to integrate Beauchamp and Childress’s strategy of balancing into a strengthen casuistic reasoning, which is based on common values and education of the society. I claim that a new strategy of specification with casuistic reasoning is effective for action-guiding in the biomedical ethics.

바코드, 큐알코드와 데이터베이스를 활용한 화장품 원료 칭량 및 벌크제조 관리시스템 구축

이청희 ( Chung-hee Lee ),배준태 ( Jun-tae Bae ),홍진태 ( Jin-tae Hong ) 대한화장품학회 2019 대한화장품학회지 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구는 바코드나 큐알코드를 활용하는 데이터베이스를 개발하여 화장품 제조에 필요한 원료를 효과적으로 칭량하고 벌크 제조를 관리하는 시스템을 구축하기 위하여 수행하였다. 원료 라벨과 벌크 제조를 위한 칭량 라벨은 데이터베이스에 입력된 정보를 활용하여 Medi&Co의 프린트 컴포넌트인 ScriptX를 이용하여 웹 상에서 발행하였다. 칭량과 투입 과정을 스캐너와 태블릿, PC 등을 이용하여 확인하여 화장품 벌크생산시 가장 많은 오류 원인인 오칭량이나 오투입에 의한 제품 이상 발생을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로 바코드와 큐알코드를 활용하는 데이터베이스를 화장품 제조에 적용하면 공정 중에서 발생하는 여러 가지 문제점을 감소시켜 화장품의 품질관리와 생산성 효율을 증대시킬 수 있다. In this study, effective cosmetic raw material weighing and bulk manufacturing management system were constructed by using bar code or quick response code (QR code) and database. Raw material labels and weighing labels for bulk manufacturing were published in web environment using the information entered in the database using ScriptX, a print component of Medi&Co. By checking the weighing and manufacturing process by using scanner, tablet and PC, it was possible to remarkably improve the product error caused by erroneous amount or misapplication which is the most cause of error in the production of cosmetic bulk. In conclusion, applying a database that utilizes bar code and QR code to cosmetics manufacturing can reduce the various problems in the process, thereby improving quality control and productivity of cosmetics.

뇌물죄의 양형합리화 방안

정신교 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2009 치안정책연구 Vol.- No.23

In punishment of brimery, there is a great gap between law and real world. Legal penalty for bribery is very heavy compared to other crimes while sentenced penalty for it is very light, which is very abnormal. To secure the appropriateness of the punishment, the current legal penalty must be rationalized. In addition, a plan of punishment with a fine to collect amount of bribe or a certain amount of the damage from the bribe should be considered. Currently penalty for bribery tends to be reduced due to the restriction of judge's weighing of offense, so the factors for weighing of bribery should be more subdivided and objectified. In addition, it is necessary to limit the almost habitual indiscriminated pardon for bribed politicians after elections.

가금류 농장에 적용 가능한 이동식 중량 저울에 관한 연구

박성진,박인지,김진영 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.35 No.2

Smart livestock, which combines information and communication technology (ICT) with livestock, can be said to be an effective solution to existing livestock problems such as productivity improvement, odors, and diseases. So far, it has hardly been universalized; thus, it is necessary to develop automation devices to reduce labor by localizing automation devices to expand the distribution of ICT technology to farms, and to advance precise specifications and health management technology using biometric information. Weighing scales currently being used in livestock farms are to prevent the spread of diseases by diagnosis and preparation for AI and other diseases in advance, using information on the growing weight of duck breeding. However, accurate values cannot be obtained due to poor breeding conditions. In this paper, we developed a separate data transmission system kit for the weighing scale and placed the sensor on top of the weighing scale so that the sensor wire is not affected by pollutants or ducks on the floor. A display function was provided, and a method of receiving and analyzing the serial port data of the weighing device, and then transmitting them to the data collection server was implemented.