Expression of survivin in squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A comparative immunohistochemical study

Rania Makboul,Abeer EL-Refaiy M. Refaiy,Fatma Ahmed Mahmoud Badary,Islam F. Abdelkawi,Axel S. Merseburger,Rabab Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.1

Purpose: To compare the expression of survivin and its association with clinicopathological criteria in major types of urinary bladdercarcinoma, specifically, transitional cell carcinoma with and without squamous differentiation and squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for survivin and Ki67 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of104 carcinomas: 52 transitional cell carcinoma, 20 transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and 32 squamous cellcarcinoma. Expression of survivin in >10% of tumor cells was described as altered survivin status. Ki67 staining in >20% of tumorcells was described as a high proliferation index. Results: Altered survivin expression was detected in 60/104 specimens (58%) and was significantly more frequent in transitionalcell carcinoma (78%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (38%) or transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation (40%)(p<0.0001). In transitional cell carcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma, altered survivin status was associated with highertumor grade, higher proliferation index, and recurrence. In the whole specimens, altered survivin expression was significantly associatedwith advanced stage (p<0.001), recurrence (p=0.005), distant metastasis (p<0.001), and death (p=0.001). In the multivariateanalysis, altered survivin was an independent poor prognostic factor for recurrence. Conclusions: Unlike in transitional cell carcinoma, alteration of survivin expression in squamous cell carcinoma occurs less frequentlyand is not associated with features of tumor aggression or patient outcome. These findings raise a question: are urinarybladder carcinoma patients with squamous cell carcinoma type suitable candidates for survivin vaccine? This is an important questionto be answered before approving the vaccine in management.

방광의 소세포 신경내분비 암종의 요 세포학적 소견 - 1 예 보고 -

김동훈,강동욱,김경희,김주헌,박미자,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Kang, Dong-Wook,Kim, yuug-Hee,Kim, Ju-Heon,Park, Mee-Ja 대한세포병리학회 2002 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.13 No.2

We report the cytologic features of a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high grade transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. A 64-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for one week. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass in the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Urinary cytology showed hypercellularity with predominantly isolated single cells and clustered cells. They have scanty cytoplasm and naked hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular nuclear chromatin and rare nucleoli. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singe cells, but a few in clusters. Nuclear molding was prominent. No glandular formation or nesting was noted. The second tumor cells had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and coarse granular chromatin. The background was inflamed and necrotic. The histoiogic findings of transurethral resection were mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have distinctive cytologic features to make a proper diagnosis.

방광의 이행상피세포암에서 세포증식능 표지자로서의 p53단백 및 hsc70의 발현에 관한 연구 -조직학적 분화도, 종양의 침윤도, DNA배수성과의 비교-

조현이,조성진,김한겸,채양석 대한병리학회 1995 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.29 No.6

개에서 땀샘 암종, 유선종양 및 방광 이행상피암종의 동시 발생

정연철,우계형,윤영민,김재훈 한국임상수의학회 2016 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.33 No.1

A 7-year-old female Pointer dog with multiple masses in the axilla, mammary gland, and bladder was submitted to the Pathology Department of the College of Veterinary Medicine in the Jeju National University. Grossly, mass between right axilla and 1st mammary gland, 15 × 10 cm in size, was well delineated and firm, slightly soft center, oval shape. And masses in right 1st, 3rd and 5th mammary gland were well delineated and sulphur yellow in color on the cut-surface. Numerous round to oval shaped masses, 0.3 to 2 cm in diameter were existed in the lung. Urinary bladder mucosa had rough and thick and round to oval papillary masses, 0.1 to 2 cm in diameter, on surface. Microscopically, masses in right axilla, 1st mammary gland, lung and axillary lymph node were composed of poorly differentiated tubules originated from apocrine gland. Lining neoplastic epithelium showed high mitotic figures, typical apical secretory blebs, and PAS-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules. Masses in 3rd and 5th mammary gland were confirmed as mammary complex adenoma and simple adenoma respectively. The masses in the urinary bladder were covered with stratified transitional epithelium with marked cellular atypia and high mitotic figures. Some neoplastic cells showed focal invasion into substantia propria of bladder. Immunohistochemaically, neoplastic transitional epithelium demonstrated positive reactions for cytokeratin 7, AE1/AE3, and MNF116. Based on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as apocrine carcinoma, mammary gland tumor including simple adenoma and complex adenoma and bladder transitional cell carcinoma. And distant metastases of apocrine carcinoma in right axilla were observed in axillary lymph node and lungs. This is the first report for concurrent occurrence of apocrine carcinoma, mammary gland tumor, and transitional cell carcinoma in a same dog.

방광에 발생한 미세유두이행상피세포암 1례

김윤성,곽동훈,김주성,박춘수,오길현,이광민 大韓泌尿器科學會 1999 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.40 No.2

신우의 육종양 이행세포암종 -2예 보고-

이교영,권미선,최영진,강창석,강석진,김병기,심상인 대한병리학회 1999 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.33 No.2

상부요로와 방광 이행상피세포암 간 세포분화도의 일치도

우광재,곽경원,최한용,이현무 대한비뇨의학회 2008 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.49 No.1

Purpose: Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is thought to involve the entire urothelium as a multifocal field change. The tumor grade is a major prognostic factor in TCC and predicting the grade of TCC may be of clinical significance. The objective of this study is to clarify the grade concordance between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC. Materials and Methods: From 1994 to 2006, a total of 241 patients underwent nephroureterectomy for upper tract TCC. Seventy-four of the 241 patients who had a history of previous bladder cancer and/or synchronous or metachronous bladder TCC were included in this study. The grade was recorded for each tumor. Fisher's exact test of concordance was used for statistical analysis. Results: For the 74 patients who were analyzed, 42 patients(56.8%) developed bladder TCC during their follow up after nephroureterectomy, 14 patients(18.9%) had a history of bladder TCC prior to nephroureterectomy and 18 patients(24.3%) had a synchronous bladder tumor. In the case of developing bladder TCC during their follow up after nephroureterectomy, the grade concordance is highest between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC in 81.0% of the cases(p=0.005). Overall, the concordance rate between the upper tract TCC grade and the bladder TCC grade was 77.0%(p<0.001). Conclusions: Concordance of the TCC in the upper urinary tract and bladder was present in 77.0% of the cases. The patients who developed bladder tumor during their follow up after nephroureterectomy had the highest grade concordance between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC in 81.0% of the cases. This knowledge can have a significant impact on the therapeutic and follow up plans for transitional cell carcinoma. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:7-11) Purpose: Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is thought to involve the entire urothelium as a multifocal field change. The tumor grade is a major prognostic factor in TCC and predicting the grade of TCC may be of clinical significance. The objective of this study is to clarify the grade concordance between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC. Materials and Methods: From 1994 to 2006, a total of 241 patients underwent nephroureterectomy for upper tract TCC. Seventy-four of the 241 patients who had a history of previous bladder cancer and/or synchronous or metachronous bladder TCC were included in this study. The grade was recorded for each tumor. Fisher's exact test of concordance was used for statistical analysis. Results: For the 74 patients who were analyzed, 42 patients(56.8%) developed bladder TCC during their follow up after nephroureterectomy, 14 patients(18.9%) had a history of bladder TCC prior to nephroureterectomy and 18 patients(24.3%) had a synchronous bladder tumor. In the case of developing bladder TCC during their follow up after nephroureterectomy, the grade concordance is highest between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC in 81.0% of the cases(p=0.005). Overall, the concordance rate between the upper tract TCC grade and the bladder TCC grade was 77.0%(p<0.001). Conclusions: Concordance of the TCC in the upper urinary tract and bladder was present in 77.0% of the cases. The patients who developed bladder tumor during their follow up after nephroureterectomy had the highest grade concordance between upper tract TCC and bladder TCC in 81.0% of the cases. This knowledge can have a significant impact on the therapeutic and follow up plans for transitional cell carcinoma. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:7-11)

Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review

Satpute, Pranali Shirish,Hazarey, Vinay,Ahmed, Riyaz,Yadav, Lalita Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Research indicates that a small population of cancer cells is highly tumorigenic, endowed with the capacity for self-renewal, and has the ability to differentiate into cells that constitute the bulk of tumors. These cells are considered the "drivers" of the tumorigenic process in some tumor types, and have been named cancer stem cells (CSC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) appears to be involved in the process leading to the acquisition of stemness by epithelial tumor cells. Through this process, cells acquire an invasive phenotype that may contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSC have been identified in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using markers such as CD133 and CD44 expression, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Head and neck cancer stem cells reside primarily in perivascular niches in the invasive fronts where endothelial-cell initiated events contribute to their survival and function. Clinically, CSC enrichment has been shown to be enhanced in recurrent disease, treatment failure and metastasis. CSC represent a novel target of study given their slow growth and innate mechanisms conferring treatment resistance. Further understanding of their unique phenotype may reveal potential molecular targets to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-knowledge on the pathobiology of cancer stem cells, with a focus on the impact of these cells on head and neck tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence due to treatment failure.

조직학적 부화도가 낮은 표재성방광암에 대한 임상적 고찰

염규영,최진선 凡石學術奬學財團 1999 凡石學術論文集 Vol.3 No.-

난소의 원발성 유두상 이행세포암 1예

김현준,고재향,박충학 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2003 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.14 No.1

난소의 원발성 이행세포암은 최근까지 조직학적으로 난소 상피 종양의 독자적인 한 종류로 인식되지 못하고 악성 Brenner 종양으로 분류되어 왔으나 악성 Brenner 종양과는 달리 항암 치료에 좋은 반응을 보이고 환자 생존율이 높은 것으로 알려지면서 하나의 중요한 조직학적 아류(subtype)로 인식하게 되었다. 이행세포암은 요로 상피의잠재력을 갖는 난소의 세포에서 직접 종양이 발생한다고 추정된다. 이행세포암은 조직학적, 생물학적으로 악성도가 매우 높은 종양으로 예후가 극히 불량하여 병기가 낮더라도 낮은 생존율을 보이는 것으로 알려져 왔으며 표준화된 치료법이 없었으나 최근에는 수술 요법과 항암화학요법을 병행 시 예후가 상당히 좋고 높은 생존율을 보이고 있다. 저자 등은 최근 38세 여성에서 그 발생 빈도가 매우 희귀한 좌측 난소의 원발성 이행세포암 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary has been only recently recognized, as one of the main types of ovarian carcinoma because of the favorable response to chemotherapy and improved survival of the patient. Histologically, it is distinguished from malignant Brenner tumor only in the absence of benign or proliferative Brenner tumor component. Recent histopathologic reports show that transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and of the ovary are immunophenotypically different. Primary transitional cell carcinomas are more aggressive than malignant Brenner tumor. However, primary transitional cell carcinomas have a better response to chemotherapy than other types of ovarian carcinomas. We have experienced a very rare case of primary papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the left ovary in a 38-year-old woman and report it with review of literatures.