The effect of transplant age on vegetable growth characteristic in a cylindrical paper pot system

수찬,김시홍,김재경,Jae-Yun Heo,Ngoc Thang Vu,Ki Young Choi,김일섭,Dong Cheol Jang 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.3

This study aimed to estimate the seedling performance of cylindrical paper pot (CPP) seedlings and to determine the optimaltransplanting age of CPP seedlings based on seedling vigor. The studied vegetables were cucumber, tomato, paprika,and two varieties of cabbage, and the younger seedlings were obtained by shortening their raising period by 10 and 20 dayswith CPP. At the same transplanting age, the size of CPP seedlings was smaller pre-transplant but increased to a similarlevel to the plug seedlings soon after transplanting. The growth curves of leaf area and dry weight of younger CPP seedlingsexhibited a steeper rise trend. The seedling vigor indicators, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), weresignifi cantly increased in younger CPP seedlings of all vegetables, which were 10 or 20 days younger than plug seedlings. Thecompactness (CP) and seedling health index (SHI) of cucumber, and the leaf area ratio (LAR) and specifi c leaf area (SLA) ofcabbage were signifi cantly increased when shortened by 10 and 20 days, while the CP and SHI of paprika were signifi cantlydecreased when shortened by 20 days. Our results suggest that CPP may prevent the seedlings from overstretching and canprovide a wild range of transplanting age choices to produce vigorous seedlings. Further, the seedling vigor indicators weresuccessfully used to determine the transplanting age of CPP seedlings. The optimal transplanting age of CPP seedlingsof tomato, paprika, and cabbage was 10 days younger than plug seedlings, whereas cucumber transplanting age could bedecreased by either 10 or 20 days.

Identification of Seedling Vigor-Associated Quantitative Trait Loci in Temperate Japonica Rice

( Karla I. Cordero-lara ),( Hyunjung Kim ),( Thomas H. Tai ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.4

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of seedling vigor traits was conducted under dry-seeded conditions using 176 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross of two California temperate japonica rice varieties M-203 and M-206. Height at early seedling (HES) and height at late seedling (HLS) stage, growth rate (GR), and fresh weight were evaluated in a growth chamber. Assessment of HES, HLS, and GR was also performed in outdoor basins in 2015 and 2016. M-203 was significantly better for all traits in the growth chamber, however, no significant differences were observed between the parents in the outdoor basins with the exception of HES in 2015. Genotyping by sequencing was used to construct a map of >6,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Six QTL were detected in the growth chamber, one each on chromosomes 2, 9, 10, and 12 and two at the same position on 1. qFW1 and qHES1 explain 34.6% and 8.7% of the phenotypic variation observed for their respective traits and correspond to previously reported QTL for shoot length. All positive effects were contributed by the M-203 allele except for the qHLS12. Two QTL, qHES8 (12.3%; M-206 allele) and qHES9 (9.4%; M-203 allele), were detected in the outdoor basin 2016, but none in 2015. RIL-187 was consistently among the highest vigor lines in all environments and additional evaluations confirmed this finding. The molecular and genetic resources developed here will facilitate further investigation of seedling vigor and breeding of enhanced temperate japonica rice varieties.

수박종자의 건열 처리가 발아 및 유묘생장에 미치는 효과

박은지,이정은,안성광,제병일,박영훈,이용재,최영환,강점순 한국환경과학회 2023 한국환경과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate changes in seed vigor based on temperature of dry heat and duration treatment of watermelon seeds and examine the effect on percent of emergence and seedling vigor. When the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment was raised to 80℃, the percent of the germination decreased. Moreover, T50 was delayed as the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment increased. The higher the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment and the longer the treatment period, the higher the percentage of abnormal seedlings. The optimum upper limit temperature for dry heat treatment was 72℃, and the treatment period was five days. Seed vigor was better maintained at 30℃, 45℃, and 52℃, followed by stepwise exposure to high temperatures of 72℃, the upper limit of dry heat treatment, rather than dry heat treatment at a high temperature of 72℃ for 5 days from the initial stage of treatment. When the fungicide was added during the dry heat treatment process, the germination percentage decreased and the percent of the abnormal seedling percentage increased. However, the addition of 10 mg/kg fungicide did not significantly reduce seed vigor.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Cold Response of Seedling Vigor Traits in Rice

Han, L.,Qiao, Y.,Zhang, S.,Zhang, Y.,Cao, G.,Kim, J.,Lee, K.,Koh, H. Science press ; Elsevier 2007 Journal of genetics and genomics Vol.34 No.3

The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the seedling vigor traits under 12<SUP>o</SUP>C cold water irrigation, such as the seedling height, the seedling fresh weight, the seedling dry weight, and their cold response index, were identified using an F<SUB>2-3</SUB> population including 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica ''Milyang 23/Jileng 1'' with microsatellite markers. All seedling vigor traits exhibited a continuous distribution near normal in F3 lines; these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Twelve QTLs conferring the seedling vigor traits under cold water irrigation were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, and 12, which explained the observed phenotypic variance from 5.2% to 17.9%. Among them, qCSH2 and qCSH12 were located in RM262-RM263 on chromosome 2 and RM270-RM17 on chromosome 12, respectively, which were associated with the seedling height. qSDW12 and qCSDW1 were located in RM19-RM270 on chromosome 12 and RM129-RM9 on chromosome 1, respectively, which were correlated with the seedling dry weight and its cold response index, and the explained 16.6%, 17.9%, 15.9%, and 16.2% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs alleles were derived from cold-tolerant parent Jileng 1; the gene actions of the two front genes showed their additive effect, and the two genes belind showed dominant and over dominant effects, respectively.

Phytotoxic effects of mercury on seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Leguminosae)

Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar,Shafiq, Muhammad,Athar, Mohammad Techno-Press 2014 Advances in environmental research Vol.3 No.3

A study was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of mercury on seed germination and seedling growth of an important arid legume tree Albizia lebbeck. The seeds germination and seedling growth performance of A. lebbeck responded differently to mercuric chloride treatment (1 mM, 3 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) as compared to control. Seed germination of A. lebbeck was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM. Root growth of A. lebbeck was not significantly affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM, and 3 mM. Shoot and root length of A. lebbeck were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by 5 mM concentration of mercury treatment. Increase in concentration of mercury treatment at 5 mM and 7 mM significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling dry weight of A. lebbeck. The treatment of mercury at 1 mM decreased high percentage of seed germination (22%), seedling length (10%), root length (21.85%) and seedling dry weight (9%). Highest decrease in seed germination (51%), seedling (34%), root length (48%) and seedling dry weight (41%) of A. lebbeck occurred at 7 mM mercury treatment. A. lebbeck showed high percentage of tolerance (78.14%) to mercury at 1 mM. However, 7 mM concentration of mercury produced lowest percentage of tolerance (51.65%) in A. lebbeck. The seed germination potential and seedling vigor index (SVI) clearly decreased with the higher level of mercury. Plantation of A. lebbeck in mercury-polluted area will help in reducing the burden of mercury pollution. A. lebbeck can serve better in coordinating in land management programs in metal contaminated areas. The identification of the toxic concentration of metals and tolerance indices of A. lebbeck would also be helpful for the establishment of air quality standard.

Evaluation of Seed Vigor Tests for Predicting Seedling Establishment at Low Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

백정선,조이이,이덕배,정남진 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.2

This study was carried out to develop an evaluation method to predict rice seedling establishment (SE) under low-temperature conditions. Two Korean-bred japonica cultivars, Shindongjin and Hopum were used in the experiment. Fresh seeds were treated with an accelerated aging (AA) at 40°C and 100% RH for 1-15 days. The SEs of the fresh and AA seeds were evaluated in nursery beds at 17°C, and their correlation coefficients with seed vigor values measured by 9 test methods including standard germination test (SGT), cool germination test (CLT), cold germination test (CDT), seedling growth rate test (SGRT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and α ‐amylase (AMY) activities. The percentage of SE decreased slowly from 75 to 0% with an increasing of AA period from 0 to 15 days. The result of nine vigor tests showed different correlations with the SE. SGT, CLT, SGRT, and POX were significantly correlated with the SE. In the correlation analysis with only short-term aging seeds (1-7 days), the SE was very highly correlated with SGT, CLT, CDT, SGRT, POX, and CAT. These results suggest that seed vigor values measured by several methods including SGT and POX could be used as a reference value to secure SE at low temperatures in nursery bed rice seedling culture.

Identification of QTLs Controlling Seedling Traits in Temperate Japonica Rice under Different Water Conditions

윤여태,김현정,Thomas H. Tai 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.2

The objective of this study was to detect QTLs for rice seedling traits under normal water (control) and low water conditions (drought stress). Ninety-eight recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between closely-related japonica cultivars, M-203 and M-206 were grown under both low water and normal water conditions. QTLs for morphological traits were investigated at seedling stage using 5,164 single nucleotide polymorphisms via genotyping-by-sequencing. Twenty-three QTLs were associated with four seedling traits: shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SW) and root dry weight (RW), were detected and most QTLs were clustered on chromosome 1, 6, 7 and 11. Under normal water conditions, nine QTLs for seedling traits were detected and M-203 alleles increased all the values. The locations of most QTLs were consistent with genes that regulate or respond to auxin and gibberellin. For drought tolerance, fourteen QTLs were detected including seven for drought stress conditions and seven for relative performance (values from drought stress conditions/normal water conditions). Seven QTLs from drought stress conditions coincided with the loci of previously identified drought tolerance genes. Based on the shoot and root length under drought stress conditions, five lines exhibiting the highest values in common were selected as a drought tolerance group. Those lines exhibited better growth than the parents under drought stress conditions and had QTLs alleles for drought tolerance detected in this study. QTL information and selected lines may be used for improving seedling vigor and drought tolerance of rice in breeding programs.

Priming 처리조건이 광나무 종자의 발아 및 유묘 생육에 미치는 영향

진언주,윤준혁,이혁,최식원 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 농업생명과학연구 Vol.56 No.6

The purpose of this study is to determine the proper pretreatment condition by comparing and analyzing the treatment time, type and density during priming treatment which is effective to germination and uniformity to improve the seedling effectiveness and productivity of Ligustrum japonicum. To obtain good quality seedling, after immersion treatment for 1 day, only sedimented seeds were used. For pretreatment, the test was conducted by treating GA3 (0, 10, 100, 200 ㎎·L-1) growth regulator and Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3 (0, 50, 100, 200 mM)inorganic salts according to priming treatment hour(24, 48 hours). As a result of analyzing germination feature, 24 hour priming treatment showed Germination rate, Germination speed, Germination performance index (p≤0.001) which are significantly higher than control group while 48 hour priming treatment showed the germination feature that is lower than control group. In particular, 24 hour priming and GA3 200 ㎎ treatment showed the highest effect (p≤0.001) such as Germination rate 44.0%, Germination speed 0.59%·day, Germination performance index 0.55. On the contrary, 48 hour priming, GA3 and Ca(NO3)2 200 mM treated specimen showed no germination. As a result of researching T/R ratio and Seedling Vitality Index targeting seedling from priming treated seeds, 24 hour priming GA3 200 ㎎ treatment which showed the highest germination rate, showed low T/R rate and reduction rate, and Seedling Vigor Index is 793.0 which is the highest (p≤0.001). In conclusion, the proper treatment agent that influences to the germination and growth of Ligustrum japonicum among priming type (GA3, Ca(NO3)2, KNO3) is judged to GA3 and proper treatment condition is found to be 200 ㎎, 24 hours. 본 연구는 광나무(Ligustrum japonicum) 종자의 파종 효율성 및 유묘 생산성을 증진시키기 위하여, 발아와 균일성에 효과가 있는 priming 처리 중 처리시간, 처리제 및 처리농도를 비교·분석하여 적절한 전처리 조건을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 광나무 종자는 충실 종자를 사용하기 위해1일간 침지처리 후 침강 종자만을 사용하였다. 종자 전처리는 priming 처리시간(24, 48시간)에 따라 GA3 (0, 10, 100, 200 ㎎·L-1) 생장조절제와Ca(NO3)2 및 KNO3 (0, 50, 100, 200 mM) 무기염류로 처리하여 시험을 수행하였다. 발아특성을 분석한 결과 priming 24시간 처리는 대조구보다유의적으로 높은 발아율, 발아속도, 발아균일지수를 보인 반면(p≤0.001), priming 48시간 처리 시 대조구보다 낮은 발아특성을 나타냈다. 특히, priming 24시간·GA3 200 ㎎ 처리에서 발아율 44.0%, 발아속도 0.59%·day, 발아균일지수 0.55으로 가장 높은 효과를 보였다(p≤0.001). 한편, priming 48시간·GA3 및 Ca(NO3)2 200 mM 처리구에서는 발아가 나타나지 않았다. priming 처리된 종자로부터 생장한 유묘들을 대상으로 T/R율및 유묘활력지수를 조사한 결과 발아율이 가장 높았던 priming 24시간·GA3 200 ㎎ 처리에서 낮은 T/R율과 수분감소율을 보였으며, 유묘 활력지수는793.0으로 가장 높게 나타났다(p≤0.001). 결과적으로 priming 종류(GA3, Ca(NO3)2, KNO3) 중 광나무 종자 발아 및 유묘의 생장에 영향을적정 처리제는 GA3로 판단되며, 적정 처리 조건은 200 ㎎, 24시간 처리로 나타났다.

몇가지 잡초들의 추출물과 잔유물의 알팔파에 대한 타감작용

Ill Min Chung,Ki June Kim,Kwang Ho Kim,Joung Kuk Ahn 韓國作物學會 1994 한국작물학회지 Vol.39 No.3

본 실험은 포장에서 주로 발생하는 velvetleaf등을 비롯하여 7종류의 잡초를 마른 상태와 생체상태로 각각 수확하여 지상부와 지하부로 나누어 물질을 추출 이들을 alfalfa 종자 발아와 생육정도 검정에 사용하여 지상부와 지하부의 생육억제정도를 비교하였으며 이 중 억제효과가 제일 큰 velvet-leaf의 추출물은 여러 농도로 silica sand와 혼합하여 alfalfa에 대한 타감작용을 검토하였다. 1. 7종류 잡초의 지상부와 지하부의 추출물 처리는 alfalfa의 발아율, 발아세, 유근의 길이, 무게 등을 억제시켰다. 지상부와 지하부의 억제효과를 비교하면 지상부의 추출물이 지하부의 추출물 보다 더 큰 타감작용을 보였으며, 이 중에서 velvetleaf 추출물이 가장 억제적이었고, crab-grass 추출물은 가장 낮은 억제 정도를 보였다. 또 alfalfa 발아와 유근의 생육에 대한 velvetleaf의 건조 추출물과 생체 추출물을 비교하면 건조 추출물이 더 억제적이었다. 2. 농도에 따르는 velvetleaf 추출물 처리에서는 농도가 증가할수록 alfalfa 발아율, 유근의 길이, 무게 등이 대조구와 비교하여 상대적으로 더 억제되었다. 3. 건조된 velvetleaf 잔기를 silica sand와 혼합처리에서 잔기의 비율이 증가 될수록 alfalfa의 출현율과 생존율이 더 억제되었으며 그 정도는 잔기 비율 1%에서 가장 억제적이었다. 4. 잡초의 추출물과 잔기의 처리는 alfalfa의 발아와 생육에 억제적으로 작용 하여 타감작용이 인정되었다. Dried top and root extracts of seven different weed species, fresh top and root extracts, and various concentrations of extract (0, 5, 10 and 15%, W/V) and residue rate (0.0, 0.25. 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were used to study their allelopathic effects on alfalfa in the laboratory and greenhouse. Top and root aqueous extracts of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm), redroot pig-weed (Amaranthus retroflexus L), velvetleaf, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L), canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) and prostrate knotweed (Polygonium aviculare L.) significantly inhibited germination, seedling length, weight, and vigor in alfalfa. Top growth extracts of weeds exhibited greater allelopathic effects than root extracts. Alfalfa test species, WL-320, responded significantly different to the various weed species extracts in terms of allelopathic effect. The regression slopes of various top extracts showed significant variation with respect to germination percentage. Velvetleaf (b=3.69) extracts were the most inhibitory, while large crabgrass (b=2.39) extracts had the least allelopathic effect on alfalfa. When compared the activity of fresh velvetleaf extract to that of dry velvetleaf extract, dry extract was more inhibitory to alfalfa germination and seedling growth. Germination, seedling length and weight of alfalfa were inversely proportional to the concentration of dried velvetleaf extracts. Seedling emergence and survival percentage was inhibited by velvetleaf residue mixture treatment. Also, more of the toxic effects were observed from the dried top extracts, as compared to extracts from fresh top and root. These results demonstrate the allelopathic activity of different weed species extracts and suggest that weeds may affect crop growth and development due to the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals present in weed tissue.

Germinability of Film-Coated Snap Bean Seed as Affected by Oxygen Diffusion Rate under Different Soil Moisture Contents

Seok Hyeon Kim,Alan G. Taylor 韓國作物學會 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.1

The film coated snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with five different coating materials treated with 3% increase in seed weight were planted at sandy loam soil controlled moisture content of 18, 19, 20 and 21 %. The oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) was calculated from the different moisture content soil. The number of normal seedlings, seedling vigor, and seedling capability in field (seed vigor x dry matter weight) were observed at 9 days after planting and compared to the changes of ODR. The germination rate and ODR were sharply decreased simultaneously in the seeds planted at 21 % soil moisture content. Seedling emergence did not occur at all as the soil moisture content increased above 22 %. Hence this value should be considered as the threshold of soil moisture content for seedling emergence. An ODR value under 20% did not influence the percent emergence significantly. The certain difference observing in the emergence at the same ODR was not related clearly to the condition of soil. So it can be assumed that the limit of soil moisture content for the emergence of snap bean was approximately 20%. The value of 18% soil moisture content may be considered as the optimum for snap bean emergence. There was close relationship between the mean value of ODR in different soil moisture contents and the emergence. The germination rates of the seeds coated with the different materials were quite different when the seeds were planted at 21 % soil moisture. Dry weight of the seedlings from film coated seeds was decreased slightly, but the germination rates were not much different from the non-treated control under relatively higher soil moisture content (21 %). Major factor lowering emergence rate was oxygen stress while film coating act as a minor constraint for snap bean sown in excess soil moisture condition.