최근 4년간 동국대 포항병원의 변검체에서 분리된 장영세균의 분포와 항균제 감수성양상

김문연,하경임 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.2

세균성 장감염의 원인균으로는 Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio외에도 여러 가지가 있다. 한국에서는 Salmonella와 Shigella가 장감염에서 가장 흔히 발견된다. 1970년대 중반까지는 장티푸스균이 가장많이 발견되었으나, 이후 다른 Salmonella균종들의 빈도가 증가하기 시작하였고 항균제 감수성검사에서도 변화를 보였다. 저자들은 1994년 1월부터 1997년 10월사이에 동국대학 포항병원에서 의뢰된 변검체를 대상으로 Salmonella, Shigella등 장염원인균의 발생빈도와 감수성양상의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 이 기간중에 의뢰된 1229검체로부터 배양된 55명의 환자 중에서 장티푸스균은 4명, 그 외의 Salmonella균은 48명, Shigella균은 3명이었다. 장티푸스 외의 균주에서는 D군이 17명으로 제일 많았고, B군과 C군 은 각각 13명식이었다. 항균제 감수성검사에서 장티푸스균은 모든 항균제에 대하여 감수성을 보였고, 이 외의 Salmonella 균종들에서는 ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol에 일부 내성을 보였으나, ampicilin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin에는 내성이 해마다 감소하는 양상을 보였고, imipenem, cefuroxime-axetil, ceftazidime에는 모든 균주가 감수성을 보였다. In enteropathogenic bacterial infection, there are many a causative agents such as Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, etcs. Salmonella and Shigella species are the most frequent causes in Korea. In the middle of 1970th, Salmonella typhi had been known the most frequent agents, before soon after other Salmonella became to increase and show antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we tried to know the incidences and susceptibility changes in Salmonella, Shigella. From January in 1994 to October in 1997, stool specimens at Phohang hospital in Dongguk university were cultured and identified for Salmonella, Shigella, and other enteropathogenic bacteria, followed by tested for susceptibility test. During a 4 years period, 55 patients yielded positive cultures from 1229 stool of rectal samples. Isolated bacteria were that Salmonella typhi were 4, other Salmonella were 48, Shigella were 3. In Salmonella except S. typhi, Group D were 17, Group B and C were 13, respectively. The most frequently isolated group were Group D. S. typhi were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Other some Salmonella species were resistant to ampicillin, and carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, but showed decreased resistance in ampicilin, chloramphenicol, and cephalothin. All isolated Salmonella were susceptible to imipenem, cefuroxime axetil, and ceftazidime.

Recent Trends in Salmonella Outbreaks and Emerging Technology for Biocontrol of Salmonella Using Phages in Foods: A Review

( Jun-hyun Oh ),( Mi-kyung Park ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.12

Salmonella is one of the principal causes of foodborne outbreaks. As traditional control methods have shown less efficacy against emerging Salmonella serotypes or antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, new approaches have been attempted. The use of lytic phages for the biocontrol of Salmonella in the food industry has become an attractive method owing to the many advantages offered by the use of phages as biocontrol agents. Phages are natural alternatives to traditional antimicrobial agents; they have proven effective in the control of bacterial pathogens in the food industry, which has led to the development of different phage products. The treatment with specific phages in the food industry can prevent the decay of products and the spread of bacterial diseases, and ultimately promotes safe environments for animal and plant food production, processing, and handling. After an extensive investigation of the current literature, this review focuses predominantly on the efficacy of phages for the successful control of Salmonella spp. in foods. This review also addresses the current knowledge on the pathogenic characteristics of Salmonella, the prevalence of emerging Salmonella outbreaks, the isolation and characterization of Salmonella-specific phages, the effectiveness of Salmonella-specific phages as biocontrol agents, and the prospective use of Salmonella-specific phages in the food industry.

Anti-Outer Membrane Protein 면역단백질을 이용한 Sandwich ELISA 방법에 의한 우유 내 Salmonella의 검출

최석호 한국축산식품학회 2004 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.24 No.2

우유내 Salmonella를 검출하기 위한 Sandwich ELISA의 특이성을 조사하였다. Sandwich ELISA에 사용한 항체들은 OMP 분획을 닭에 면역주사하여 얻은 IgY와 OMP 분획을 gel filtration하여 얻은 분자량 40,000의 OMP를 토끼에 면역 주사하여 얻은 토끼 IgG를 사용하였다. Immnoblot assay에서 IgY는 분자량 6,000의 OMP에 강하게 반응하였으며 토끼 IgG는 분자량 40,000, 35,000과 6,000의 OMP들에 강하게 반응하였다. IgY와 토끼 IgG는 Salmonella typhimurium의 다른 단백질에도 반응하였다. Competitive ELISA에서 IgY가 Salmonella의 두 개 균주에 대해 특이성을 나타냈으며 Eshcherchia coli와 Yersinia enterocolitica에 의하여서는 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 우유에 세균을 첨가하여 실시한 sandwich ELISA에서 Salmonella typhimurium 2균주가 가장 높은 흡광도를 보였다. Salmonella cholerasuis 균주들은 상대적으로 흡광도가 낮았으며 이루 일부 Salmonella cholerasuis 균주들은 비 Salmonella 균주들과 차이가 없었다. The specificity of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Salmonella in milk was determined in this study. The antibodies used in sandwich ELISA were egg yolk immunoglobulin G (IgY) obtained after immunization of hen with outer membrane protein (OMP) fraction from Salmonella typhimurium and rabbit IgG obtained after immunization of rabbit with the purified OMP with the molecular weight of 40,000. The immunoblot assay showed that the IgY reacted strongly with OMP with the molecular weight of 6,000 and the rabbit IgG reacted strongly with OMP with the molecular weights of 40,000, 35,000, and 6,000 from the bacteria including Salmonella which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae. The IgY and rabbit IgG also reacted with other proteins from Salmonella typhimurium in immunoblot assay. Competitive ELISA showed that IgY showed specifity to react with two strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella cholerasuis but not with Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica. Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium added to UHT milk showed the highest absorbance of all the bacteria used in the sandwich ELISA. Some strains of Salmonella cholerasuis showed higher absorbances than non-Salmonella bacteria.

변 배양에서 Salmonella 균종 분리를 위한 Selenite F 증균배지의 유용성

이미애 대한임상병리학회 2000 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.20 No.2

장티푸스 및 살모넬라증 병원체에 대한 역학적 연구

박미선,강연호,안윤형,이복권 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

Novel Heptaplex PCR-Based Diagnostics for Enteric Fever Caused by Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars and Its Applicability in Clinical Blood Culture

Kim Hyun-Joong,Jung Younsik,Kim Mi-Ju,Kim Hae-Yeong 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.11

Enteric fever is caused by typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C). Owing to the importance of Salmonella serovars in clinics and public hygiene, reliable diagnostics for typhoidal serovars are crucial. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic tool for typhoidal Salmonella serovars and evaluate the use of human blood for clinically diagnosing enteric fever. Five genes were selected to produce specific PCR results against typhoidal Salmonella serovars based on the genes of Salmonella Typhi. Heptaplex PCR, including genetic markers of generic Salmonella, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and typhoidal Salmonella serovars, was developed. Typhoidal Salmonella heptaplex PCR using genomic DNAs from 200 Salmonella strains (112 serovars) provided specifically amplified PCR products for each typhoidal Salmonella serovar. These results suggest that heptaplex PCR can sufficiently discriminate between typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Heptaplex PCR was applied to Salmonella-spiked blood cultures directly and provided diagnostic results after 12- or 13.5-h blood culture. Additionally, it demonstrated diagnostic performance with colonies recovered from a 6-h blood culture. This study provides a reliable DNA-based tool for diagnosing typhoidal Salmonella serovars that may be useful in clinical microbiology and epidemiology.

Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity

Choe Jaein,Kim Su-Hyeon,Han Ji Min,Kim Jong-Hoon,Kwak Mi-Sun,Jeong Do-Won,Park Mi-Kyung 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.12

The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive result for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.

한국에서 분리된 병원성 Salmonella 균주의 장독소 유전자(stn) 분포와 발현조절 기작

임상용,유상렬 한국산업미생물학회 2000 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Salmonella로 인해 발생되는 salmonellosis에 장독소가 어떻게 관련이 되어 있는지는 아직 명확하게 밝혀져 있지는 않다. Salmonella typhimurium (stn) 장독소 유전자는 다른 어떤 장독소와도 상동성을 보이지 않는 크기가 약 29kDa인 독소를 만든다. stn의 발현은 장관세포와의 상호작용에 의해 증가하지만, stn 유전자를 가지고 있는 모든 strain들이 장독소를 생성하지는 않는다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 분리된 36개의 Salmonella 병원성 균주에서 PCR을 이용하여 stn 유전자를 탐색한 결과 모든 균주에서 Salmonella장독소 유전자를 발견할 수 있었다. Salmonella RNA polymerase를 polymin P fractionation과 DNA-agarose, Mono-Q chromatography를 통하여 정제하였고 정제된 RNA polymerase로 in vitro transcription assay를 수행한 결과 stn promoter의 발현이 cAMP·CRP complex에 의해 약 50%정도 감소함을 확인하였다. Salmonella가 장관 세포와 접촉했을 때 Stn 발현이 증가한다는 보고가 있지만 어떤 기작에 의해 일어나는 현상인지는 알려지지 않고 있다[6]. 이 보고는, stn 유전자를 갖고 있는 균주 중에서 실제 stn을 만드는 균주가 얼마 되지 않는다는 사실과[16] 함께 stn 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 미지의 환경인자가 있을 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. Role of enterotoxin from Salmonella in pathogenesis is not known. Enterotoxin gene from Salmonella typhimurium (stn) encodes a 29 kDa toxin that has no homology to any other known enterotoxins. Expression of stn is enhanced upon contact with epithelial cell but not all strains having the stn gene express Stn. Based on PCR analysis, we found that all 36 clinical strains of Salmonella isolated in Korea tested carried the stn gene. To understand the regulation of the stn transcription, the expression of stn was studied in vitro. RNA polymerase was purified by polymin P fractionation, DNA-agarose affinity chromatography, and Mono-Q ion exchange chromatography from Salmonella. The expression of stn was inhibited by cAMP·CRP complex by about 50%.

부산 및 경남지방의 Salmonella와 Shigella

김익현,신기영,전종휘 인제대학교 1982 仁濟醫學 Vol.3 No.1

부산백병원을 통하여 부산·경남지역 환자에서 분리한 99주의 Salmonella균과 118주의 Shigella의 균형분포, 약제 저항성 및 지역적 특성을 관찰하였다. In Korea, Salmonella and Shigella are relatively prevalent pathogens still now among water born disease. 99 strains of Salmonella and 118 strains of Shigella were isolated from blood, fecies, bone marrow cultures between July 1979 and June 1981 at the Paik Hospital. INJE Medical College, Busan, Korea, Subgroups of Salmonella strains isolated were identified as 33 strains of A group Salmonella, 2C group, 61 D group and 3 E group of Salmonella. Subgroups of Shigella Strains isolated were identified as 153 trains of Sh. dysenteriae, 86 Sh. flexneri, 7 Sh. boydii and 10 Sh. sonnei. Characteristically, in contrast to other region of Korea, Sal. paratyphi of Salmonella strains and Sh. dysenteriae of Shigella strains are relatively high prevalent at Busan and Gyeong Num Area. Drug susceptibility of Salmonella strains reseated that tobramycin, gentamicin are highly sensitive, but chloramphenicol resistant(37%), ampicillin resistant(8%) Sal. typhi strains have been discoved at late part of 1970's Drug susceptibility of Shigella strains revealed that gentamicin, tobramycin are also highly sensitive, but ampillin is very low sensitive(10%) in recent years.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium에서 Type III 분비장치의 표적단백질들의 분비신호 확인 및 Type III 분비장치를 이용한 Secretion Vector의 개발

최혁진,엄준호,조정아,이선,이경미,이인수,박용근,Choi, Hyuk-Jin,Eom, Joon-Ho,Cho, Jung-Ah,Lee, Sun,Lee, Kyoung-Mi,Lee, In-Soo,Park, Yong-Keun 한국미생물학회 2000 미생물학회지 Vol.36 No.4

소장의 상피세포내로 세균 세포가 들어가는 과정(invasion)은 Salmonella의 감염에서 중요한 단계이다. invasion은 Salmonella type III 분비장치에 의해 분비되는 단백질들에 의해 유도된다. type III 분비단백질들은 특이하게, 일반적인 분비단백질들이 가지는 N-말단 분비 신호 펩타이드를 가지고 있지 않는 것을 알려져 있다. Yersinia에서의 최근 연구에서 type III 분비장치에 의해 인지되는 분비신호는 분비 단백질을 암호화하는 mRNA의 5'말단부의가 형성하는 2차 구조에 있을 것이라는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Salmonella type III 분비장치의 분비신호를 조사하기 위해 type III 분비단백질중 하나인 sopE를 택하여 ompR과의 translational fusion을 만들었다. translational fusion을 위해 사용된 sopE DNA절편은 프로모터와 시작 콘돈으로부터 10, 15 코돈을 포함하는 절편이다. Immunoblot으로 확인한 결과, OmpR을 포함하는 fusion 단백질이 형질전환 Salmonella 세포로부터 분비되었다. 이러한 결과는 Salmonella의 type III 분비신호가 분비단백질을 암호화하는 mRNA의 5'말단에 위치할 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 분비신호를 활용하여 유용한 외래 단백질을 세균 세포 내에서 효과적으로 생산, 분비할 수 있는 secretion vector의 원형을 개발하였다. Invasion process of bacterial cell into intestinal epithelium is important in Salmonella infection. The invasion is induced by the proteins secreted by type III secretion appratus of Salmonella. It has been known that the proteins do not have N-terminal signal peptide existing in general secreted proteins. Recent studies on Yersinia reported that secretion signal of type III appratus may lie on 5'end secondary structure of mRNA of secreted protein. In this study, we constructed translational fusion of ompR and sopE, encoding type III secretion protein of Salmonella, and observed secretion of the fusion protein for investigating the secretion signal of Salmonella type III appratus. The sopE DNA fragments of the translational fusion contain the region of promoter and from start code to tenth or to fifth code. These translational fusions indicate that type III secretion signal of Salmonella is located on 5'end of mRNA encoding secreted protein. We constructed prototype of secretion vector using this signal to produce useful foreign protein.