화학공장 인근 주민의 개인보호장구 지급에 관한 경제성 분석

한돈희(Don-Hee Han),장영재(Young-Jae Chang),박민수(Min Soo Park) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives: To protect the health and safety of residents during chemical accidents, the governmental authorities need to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to citizens who desire it. This study aims to investigate residents’awareness of PPE and perform an economic analysis on providing PPE to residents near chemical plants prior to the establishment of a related law. Methods: This study was carried out through a questionnaire completed by 600 residents composed of items such as residents’awareness of PPE, what type of PPE they need, and how to purchase PPE. Economic analysis (cost-benefit analysis) was conducted on providing PPE to residents near chemical plants on basis of the Gumi City hydrogen fluoride accident of 2012. Results: The results of the questionnaire showed that most residents recognized the need for PPE preparedness for chemical accidents, in particular, for respirators. The level of expense that respondents were prepared to shoulder to share the burden was $25. Except for chemicals of hazard level 2, the benefit of all kinds of chemical accident preparedness considerably exceeded costs in the cost-benefit analysis on providing PPE. An estimated government budget of $20 million per year would be required to provide PPE (hood-type mask) for all residents within a one-kilometer radius of chemical plants in Korea, but only $5.8 million when residents share the expenses. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that programs for providing PPE for residents near chemical plants should be established by law.

Heat Strain Index using Physiological Parameters while Wearing Personal Protective Equipment: Biomonitoring Technology

( Joo Young Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

The purpose of this lecture was to present and discuss about heat strain index using physiological parameters while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in terms of biomonitoring technology. Firefighters’ PPE was used as an example. Minimum requirements for next generation of PPE to alleviate the heat strain of firefighters in the field were discussed. Two performance levels were given for the performance requirements: (1) activity and (2) rest breaks. Regarding the activity level, two kinds of activities were given for the requirements: (1) running exercise on a treadmill, (2) a simulated mobility test. The simulated mobility test can be modified from US, Canadian or Japanese mobility test protocol. While firefighting wearing full PPE in hot environments, foot temperature can provide an early warning sign to avoid heat-related illness of firefighters: 38.0℃ of foot temperature (Attention), 38.5℃ of foot temperature (Warning), and 39.0℃ of foot temperature (Danger). The combination of foot temperature and heart rate can play a role as a physiological strain index to avoid heat-related illness of firefighters: PSIfoot = 5(Tfoott .37.0) / (39.5 .37.0) + 5(HRt-HR0) / (180-HR0). While resting between firefighting in the field, heart rate can provide safety limit duration to avoid overheating firefighters prior to the consecutive work, when the upper limit of rectal temperature is set at 39.0℃: Tre(t) = 0.035 HRrelative + 35.83 + (8·HRrelative-66)·10-4·t.

화재진압 시 착용하는 소방용 개인보호구 성능평가를 위한 국내외 시험기준 및 개선방향

김도희(Do-Hee Kim),김시연(Siyeon Kim),김도형(Do-Hyung Kim),이주영(Joo-Young Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2018 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The present study aimed at reviewing international and domestic test methods for firefighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE). The PPE in this review was limited to firefighters’ turnout jacket, turnout pants, fire protective hoods, helmet, gloves and boots. We analyzed test methods on the six items from ASTM, EN, ISO, KS and NFPA. Those test methods were classified into three levels: material (textiles) tests, general/thermal/flame manikin tests, and human wear trials. A total of 40 test methods on materials were extracted. We suggested that terminology in Korean should be reexamined because identical terms were used with different meanings. This could be because test terms in Korea were translated from various international standards. Also, similar test methods on materials were often found in Korea. Similar test methods need to be combined in a test method. Finally, it needs that the test methods using thermal/flame manikins and human subjects are extended because test results from materials or textiles do not fit the performance of PPE. In particular, tests on dexterity, mobility and physiological strains should be evaluated through human wear trials. To adopt such test methods, test systems should be built and experts should be prepared prior to the adopting. The review will provide improving directions for current Korea standards.

What do firefighters desire from the next generation of personal protective equipment? Outcomes from an international survey

LEE, Joo-Young,PARK, Joonhee,PARK, Huiju,COCA, Aitor,KIM, Jung-Hyun,TAYLOR, Nigel A.S.,SON, Su-Young,TOCHIHARA, Yutaka National Institute of Industrial Health 2015 Industrial health Vol.53 No.5

<P>The purpose of this study was to investigate smart features required for the next generation of personal protective equipment (PPE) for firefighters in Australia, Korea, Japan, and the USA. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 167 Australian, 351 Japanese, 413 Korean, and 763 U.S. firefighters (1,611 males and 61 females). Preferences concerning smart features varied among countries, with 27% of Korean and 30% of U.S. firefighters identifying ‘a location monitoring system’ as the most important element. On the other hand, 43% of Japanese firefighters preferred ‘an automatic body cooling system’ while 21% of the Australian firefighters selected equally ‘an automatic body cooling system’ and ‘a wireless communication system’. When asked to rank these elements in descending priority, responses across these countries were very similar with the following items ranked highest: ‘a location monitoring system’, ‘an automatic body cooling system’, ‘a wireless communication system’, and ‘a vision support system’. The least preferred elements were ‘an automatic body warming system’ and ‘a voice recording system’. No preferential relationship was apparent for age, work experience, gender or anthropometric characteristics. These results have implications for the development of the next generation of PPE along with the international standardisation of the smart PPE.</P>

농업인에 적용 가능한 스마트 개인보호장비 개발 동향 분석

채혜선(Hye Seon Chae),고명선(Myung Sun Ko),김효철(Hyo Cher Kim),김경수(Kyung Su Kim),최동필(Dong Phil Choi),김경란(Kyung Ran Kim),이경숙(Kyung Suk Lee) 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the implications of development of smart personal protective equipment which can enhance occupational safety for farmers through development trend and development case analysis of smart personal protective equipment (SPPE) applicable to agriculture sector. Background: Most of the farmers work alone in the open far away from home, so their geographical accessibility is low, which may lead to serious disasters due to delayed response in case of an accident. Therefore, it is expected that the life - friendly service that can cope with accidents in rural areas and the spread of work safety equipment using ICT and IOT will improve the welfare of farmers scientifically and efficiently. Method: Patents were searched by year of application from 1990 to 2016 using the New WIPS ON patent information database. Among collected 268 data, 150 valid patents for quantitative trend analysis. Using Google, the prototypes or commercialized products for smart personal protection devices were searched. And a selection of 16 cases of products applicable to the agricultural safety sector was chosen and discussed. Results: The patent applications of smart personal protection equipment, which combines ICT and IoT technologies, have progressed most recently and have been declining since 2012. Only about 31% of the 150 selected valid patents tended to match the body"s wear and protection areas. The smart personal protection equipment uses various biometric information from the combination of devices to allow the wearer to voluntarily recognize danger or escape from danger. Conclusion: The research and development of the Rural Smart Personalization Equipment for Preventing Farming and Disaster Prevention should be established in the Rural Community and the cooperative management system for the safety inspection and crisis responses in the rural communities. Application: The commercialization of smart personal protective equipment and the application of agriculture sector are difficult to solve, but it is expected that it will be a breakthrough in raising industrial disaster response ability in agriculture in the blind spot.

Influences of partial components in firefighters’ personal protective equipment on subjective perception

김시연,장영준,백윤정,이주영 한국의류학회 2014 Fashion and Textiles Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influences of partial components of firefighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) on subjective perception during exercise and recovery at 28°C, 40% RH. Eight firefighters participated in eight conditions consisting of various combinations of PPE components weighing from 7.8 to 14.9 kg (fully equipped with all PPE, FullPPE; FullPPE without a self-contained breathing apparatus, NoSCBA; FullPPE without a helmet, NoHelmet; FullPPE without gloves, NoGloves; FullPPE without boots, NoBoots; Full PPE without bunker jacket or pants, NoJP; Not equipped with a helmet, gloves, boots, or breathing apparatus, NoHGBS and Control (1.1 kg; wearing shorts, long-sleeved shirts and long pants)). The results showed: 1) Alleviation of subjectively perceived strain was significantly greater in NoJP during both exercise and recovery than NoHelmet and Nogloves, while the NoJP showed no significant difference with NoBoots and NoHGBS. 2) NoBoots was significantly effective in relieving physiological thermal burden rather than in psychological strain. 3) Exposing the hands and feet affected the local thermal sensation and sweat sensation of the hands and feet, respectively, while exposing the head did not affect local head thermal sensation and sweat sensation. 4) The relationship between clothing microclimate humidity and sweat sensation showed a logarithmic function. The present study indicate that weight loss in boots alleviated physiological strain during exercise, whereas after exercise, doffing jacket and taking off gloves, boots, and helmet simultaneously were both most effective way to relieve thermal strain quickly.

가금류 악성 전염병 감염축 처리자의 보호 장비 착용실태조사 및 개선에 관한 연구

이혜연 ( Hye Yeoun Lee ),임의형 ( Ui Hyoung Lim ),김종원 ( Jong Won Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),강아름 ( A Rum Kang ),임채웅 ( Chae Woong Lim ),홍철운 ( Chul Un Hong ),한지현 ( Ji Hyeon Han ),강석진 ( Seog Jin Kang ),김범석 ( Bum 한국동물위생학회 2015 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

This study was aimed to investigate factors that affected the status of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for handling poultry carcasses with potential exposure to virulent avian infectious agents. A large outbreak of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in South Korea in 2014. Many public officers participated for euthanizing and handling livestock carcass. However, several safety issueswith using PPE were revealed. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 340 people who participated euthanasia and carcass disposal in the place where HPAI mainly occurred in 2014. It was found that 31.8% of the respondents had ever taken off their protective equipment during operations because of its inconvenience. The most inconvenient PPE was goggles (54.6%), followed by mask (20.2%), latex gloves (11.6%), shoe covers (5.9%) and protective clothing (5.3%). The main complaints about this individual PPE was unclear sight, damp emitted toward eye, sweating, tearing easilyand sweating, respectively. Considering such problems of PPE, new possible directions for improvement of gloves and goggles were suggested. With newly developed rubber coating fabric gloves and conventionally using latex and fabric gloves, H3N2 influenza virus transmission experiment was conducted. Rubber coating fabric gloves showed similar efficiency for blocking virus transmission with latex laboratory gloves and were not easily torn by sharp claws of chicken. In addition, air flow control safety eyewear was suggested to minimize moisture formation. The air flow control system efficiently suppressed moisture formation inside the goggles. Therefore our study will provide more specific directions about new PPE development for safety protection of actual wearers.

감염병 대응 개인보호복의 동작성 및 열적 쾌적성: 보호 수준 및 여성 착용자 체격의 영향

김도희,전영민,이호준,강경리,이초은,이주영 한국의류산업학회 2024 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study aimed to assess the mobility and thermal comfort of personal protective equipment (PPE) amongfemale healthcare workers, taking into account wearers' physique and PPE protection levels. A total of 16 participants(age: 26.3 ± 8.3 y, height: 161.5 ± 7.3 cm, body weight: 57.1 ± 11.0 kg, BMI: 21.9 ± 3.6), representing diverse bodytypes, underwent four PPE conditions: L (Low_Plastic gown ensemble), M (Medium_Tyvek 400), H (High_Tyvek 800Jwith Powered Air Purifying Respirator [PAPR]), and E (Extremely high_Tychem 2000 with PAPR, Bib apron, and Chem-ical-resistant gloves). The mobility protocol consisted of 10 different tasks in addition to donning and doffing. The 10 taskswere repeated twice at an air temperature of 24.3 ± 0.1°C, 59±4%RH. Findings revealed a disproportionate relationshipbetween PPE protection and wearer discomfort. Significant differences in clothing microclimate and total sweat rate wereobserved between the lowest (L) and highest (E) protection levels (p < 0.01), while distinctions among medium levelswere inconclusive. Subjective evaluations favored conditions H and L over M and E (p < 0.05), indicating reduced heat,and humidity, increased comfort, and lower exertion. Instances of mobility discomfort, specially in the small body typegroup, underscored the need for a suitable PPE size system for Korean adult female medical workers. Furthermore,enhancements in gloves, shoe cover, and PAPR hood designs are essential for improving ease of movement and pre-venting hindrance.

구급대원용 개인보호복 개발을 위한 기초연구

노유민,남윤자,이혜린,김태한,김주현,신상도,No, Yoo-Min,Nam, Yun-Ja,Lee, Hye-Rin,Kim, Tae-Han,Kim, Chu-Hyun,Shin, Sang-Do 한국응급구조학회 2018 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of personal protective equipment (PPE) for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) during chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive situations. Methods: Body measurements were obtained for adults aged from 20 to 59 years from the data in the 6 th Size Korea national sizing survey. These data were compared to the sizes of protective clothing currently available in the market. In-depth interviews with active paramedics with experiences of wearing PPE were conducted. Results: Most of the imported protective clothing turned out to be unfit for Korean adults. This showed the urgent need for developing appropriately sized protective clothing for Korean emergency technicians. In total, 55.0% of the respondents indicated that the current protective clothing is unsafe, and 71.0% requested the clothing to have level C protective performance. Regarding the design, many people wanted hooded all-in-one type of clothing. Conclusion: Considering these requirements, most of the wearers wanted their protective clothing to be fundamentally protective of their body, be available in various sizes with adjustable parts, and easy to wear and take off. They also wanted the clothing to be secure in clear sight, while not revealing any parts of their body and not interfringe with their ability to communicate with others.

4구급대원의 PPE(Personal Protective Equipment)착용 시 CPR 동작분석에 관한 연구

신동민 ( Dong Min Shin ),정재한 ( Jae Han Chung ),김승용 ( Seung Yong Kim ),홍은정 ( Eun Jung Hong ),김경용 ( Kyoung Yong Kim ),한용택 ( Yong Taek Han ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2015 한국안전학회지 Vol.30 No.5

The purpose of this study is to find out its effect on changes in the joint angle and the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by conducting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when wearing and not wearing PPE (personal protective equipment) targeting 20 paramedics with more than 5 years of experience. The subjects carried out CPR in 30:2 for 4 minutes and collected images were digitized by Kwon3D XP Software Package(Version 4.0) and then data were obtained. Data, which were collected by analyzing the motion when starting in one cycle, when pressing to the maximum, in the final position (relaxed), were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0. In conclusion, during CPR, the angle of the both shoulder joints was not significant (p>.05) and the angle of the right elbow joint was reduced in all positions and was statistically significant (p<.05) and the angle of the left was significantly reduced in the maximum pressure posture and the final position (p>.05). In the case of the trunk, the angle increased statistically significantly at all stages (p<.01, p<.001). Also, during CPR, the average compression rate was significantly reduced after wearing PPE (p<.05) and average hand escape time by cycle increased statistically significantly (p<.05) but chest compression execution rate at the correct depth did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p>05).