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A Comparative Study of Measure Adjectives in Korean, English, Japanese and Romani
장영준 한국생성문법학회 2008 생성문법연구 Vol.18 No.4
This paper examines and analyzes so-called measure adjectives in Korean, English, Japanese and Romani in a comparative fashion. Apart from the cases in Romani dialects, only a subset of measure adjectives which are pairs of antonym members allow morphological rule applications. That is, among the measure adjective pairs such as English high-low and deep-shallow, only the first members of the pair allow -t(h) nominalization, while the second members do not. This kind of morphological behavior is by no means random, but rather systematic and rule-governed. Unlike the general tendency of idiosyncratic morphological behaviors, the measure adjectives whose exact definition should be given later behave in quite an expected, predictable way cross-linguistically. As an extension of Shin (1992), Jang (2002), and Jang & Shi (2003, 2006), we will further show that only the unmarked, basic, positive measure adjectives allow a set of particular morphological rule applications, while marked, derived, negative measure adjectives do not. Furthermore, we show that the morphological patterns found in many Romani dialects are only apparent and not real. That is, the uniform pattern of morphological rule applications in many Romani dialects are not lexical, basic, or primary. Rather the morphological pattern in these languages is rather secondary, syntactic, and somewhat leveled.
Acquisition of Negation in Korean and English: Growth and Markedness
장영준,권영국 한국언어학회 2007 언어 Vol.32 No.4
Jang, Young-Jun and Kwon, Young-Kook. 2007. Acquisition of Negation in Korean and English: Growth and Markedness, Korean Journal of Linguistics, 32-4, 735-749. This paper reconsiders a long but still-defying issue of language acquisition by analyzing acquisition of negation in English and Korean. In the account of the diverging acquisition patterns of negation between the two languages, we evaluate the growth and markedness hypothesis, based on the cross-linguistic study on the acquisition of negation conducted by Choi and Zubin (1985). What we first aim in the current study is to discuss the typological type of the Korean language in comparison with English type languages. We also argue that Wexler and Manzini's (1987) "subset principle" fails to adequately explain the acquisition of negation for the child learners of Korean and English. We instead endorse the concept of markedness suggested by such linguists as Vergnaud (1980), Williams (1981), and Hyams (1986), and attempt to account for the change in the value of negation parameter in terms of markedness. (Chungang University and Konkuk University)
On the Thetic Expressions in Korea
장영준 한국생성문법학회 2008 생성문법연구 Vol.18 No.3
In this squib, I argue that thetic-categorial distinction is morphologically made in Korean and that the verbal morpheme -iya, among many others, is exactly the marker for expressing the focal function of the whole sentence. Another sentence ending -(i)ta can be recognized as a thetic marker in Korean. There are some differences between these two forms. E.g., the former is felicitously used when the speaker understands that there is at least one listener, while the latter can be used without the knowledge of the presence of the listener. To the best of my knowledge, thetic-categorical distinction in Korean has not been paid much attention to, though hinted at in the literature. So I first introduce the notion of thetic judgment and thetic-categorical distinction. Then I apply this notion to Korean and point out that the data that I will examine do show the distinction. That is, thetic vs. categorial distinction is clearly syntactically encoded in Korean. Although there may be many morphological markers for thetic judgment, I will confine myself to the discussion of two prominent cases, namely, -iya and -ita in this squib.