시스템 생태학적 접근법에 의한 넙치생산의 지속성 평가 - 2. 넙치 육상양식산업에 대한 예측

김남국 ( Nam Kook Kim ),손지호 ( Ji Ho Son ),김진이 ( Jin Lee Kim ),조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.6

본 연구에서는 자연환경과 경제활동에 의존하는 넙치 양식산업의 변화 양상을 파악하기 위해서 시스템 생태학적 접근법에 의한 에너지 시스템 모델을 작성하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면 현재와 같은 에너지 소비구조와 시스템으로 넙치 양식산업이 진행될 경우에 자산, 화폐보유량, 생산량은 일정한 수준의 정상상태에서 지속되는 것으로 예측되었다. 그러나 화석연료의 고갈을 고려할 경우, 비영속성 에너지원에 의존하는 현재의 시스템은 초기 증가 후 수입과 지출이 균형을 이루는 시점부터 자산, 생산량 등이 지속적으로 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 장기적인 측면을 고려할 때, 넙치 양식산업 및 수산 양식산업의 지속성을 위해서는 국내의 자연환경자원에 의존하는 에너지 저 소비형의 생산 시스템 구조를 가진 생태공학적 시스템으로의 전환 뿐만 아니라 일반 해면 어업과 조화를 이룰 수 있는 수산정책이 요구된다. In Korea, an olive flounder is very popular fish food item. However, due to the increasing human population, the present catches of the olive flounder may not be sufficient to satisfy the present demand. To increase the supply of the olive flounder, aquaculture has been begun, An interest in the aquaculture of the olive flounder has been increased recently because of its characteristics of good growth and high price in the market. However, the productivity of the olive flounder aquaculture depends on economic inputs such as fuels, facilities, and labor. The rapid growths of the olive flounder aquaculture and the concerns about economic and ecological sustainability have focused peoples attention on the aquaculture industry. In this study, an energy systems model was built to simulate the variation of sustainability on the aquaculture of olive flounder. The results of simulation based on calibration data in 1995 show that olive flounder production yield and asset slowly increase to steady state because of the law of supply and demand. The results of simulation based on the variation of oil price show that the more increase the oil price, the more decrease the olive flounder economic yield and asset. Energy sources required for systems determine the sustainability of systems. Conclusionally, the present system of the olive flounder aquaculture should be transformed to ecological-recycling systems or ecological engineering systems which depend on renewable resources rather than aquaculture systems which depend on fossil fuels, and be harmonized with the fishing fisheries by the sustainable use of renewable resources in the carrying capacity.

An EST-based approach for identifying genes expressed in the gills of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

이정호,노재구,김현철,박철지,민병화,김영옥,김종현,김경길,명정인,김우진 한국어병학회 2009 한국어병학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics studies. As part of studies on the immune system of olive flounder, a total of 251 EST sequences from gill cDNA library were generated to identify and characterize important genes in the immune machanisms of olive flounder. Of the 251 clones, 126 clones (50.2%) were identified as orthologues of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 126 EST clones, 16 clones (12.7%) were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 100 clones (79.4%) representing 103unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified several kinds of immune associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying immune related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics studies. As part of studies on the immune system of olive flounder, a total of 251 EST sequences from gill cDNA library were generated to identify and characterize important genes in the immune machanisms of olive flounder. Of the 251 clones, 126 clones (50.2%) were identified as orthologues of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 126 EST clones, 16 clones (12.7%) were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 100 clones (79.4%) representing 103unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified several kinds of immune associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying immune related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> isolated from olive founder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>) and Japanese eel (<i>Anguilla japonica</i>)

Park, Seong Bin,Nho, Seong Won,Jang, Ho Bin,Cha, In Seok,Lee, Jeong-Ho,Aoki, Takashi,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2017 Aquaculture Vol.473 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I> is an important bacterial pathogen of olive flounder (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>) and Japanese eel (<I>Anguilla japonica</I>). Here, a total of 66 strains of <I>E. tarda</I> isolated from olive flounder and Japanese eel were compared using biochemical tests, whole-cell protein analysis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiling, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to determine the host-related homogeneity of these pathogens. The <I>E. tarda</I> strains isolated from olive flounder were highly homogenous in the analyzed parameters, whereas the isolates from Japanese eel were highly heterogeneous. <I>E. tarda</I> isolated from Japanese eel did not demonstrate any pathogenic effect against olive flounder in challenge experiments. The phenotypic and genotypic homogeneity observed in the isolates from olive flounder may be helpful to develop an effective vaccine for edwardsiellosis in olive flounder.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>E. tarda</I> causes severe infections in olive flounders (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>) and Japanese eel (<I>Anguilla japonica</I>). </LI> <LI> Phenotypic and genotypic analysis was performed for 66 <I>E. tarda</I> strains isolated from olive flounder and Japanese eel. </LI> <LI> <I>E. tarda</I> isolated from olive founder exhibited homogenous characteristics but not isolates from Japanese eel. </LI> <LI> The results may be helpful to develop the novel vaccine against <I>E. tarda</I> infection in olive flounder. </LI> </UL> </P>

뼈째썰기회의 원료판별을 위한 도다리와 유사어종과의 식품학적 특성비교

김성훈(Sung Hun Kim),강현우(Hyun Woo Kang) 한국조리학회 2013 한국조리학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Finespotted flounder, used for a representative raw fish in spring, is considered comparatively difficult to breed, which causes small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China, similar kinds of flounders, to appear on the market for sale under the name of ‘Finespotted flounder.’ The reason lies under the considerations that small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China are relatively lower priced and in higher supply and demand, being difficult to distinguish from Finespotted flounder when sliced with bones. Thus, the purpose of our thesis is to distinguish Finespotted flounder from similar kinds of fish analyzing the lipid content in slices of raw fish and SDS-PAGE(sodiumdodecylsullipide-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis). Upon comparing the main components between sliced Finespotted flounder and similar kinds of fish, such as small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China, we found that there are no noticeable differences among them in moisture content, and little, if any noticeable differences, in crude protein and ash content(P>0.05). Based on these analyses, we have conclude that commercial raw fish restaurants sell small Olive flounder and Stone flounder under the name of Finespotted flounder. However, a variety of factors have an effect on our analysis, such as the individual characteristics of fish and a seasonal variation. The aim of our analysis is to enhance more accurate distinction criteria, although some fish kinds can be discerned with our present technique of examining lipid content and SDS-PAGE. Through more sophisticated analyses developed by consistent research, we look forward to attaining more accurate techniques for discerning between Finespotted flounder and different kinds of similar fish.

Generation of a recombinant viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) expressing olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>) interferon-γ and its effects on type I interferon response and virulence

Kwak, Jun Soung,Kim, Min Sun,Kim, Ki Hong Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.68 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Rhabdoviruses including viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are highly susceptible to type I interferon (IFN) responses, and IFN-γ that is belonging to the type II IFN has been known to enhance type I IFN responses in mammals. In this study, we generated a recombinant VHSV that can express olive flounder IFN-γ (rVHSV-A-IFNγ) using reverse genetics technology, and analyzed the effect of rVHSV-A-IFNγ infection on type I IFN response in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Furthermore, the virulence of rVHSV-A-IFNγ was evaluated by infection to olive flounder (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>). Using a recombinant VHSV full genome vector in which the olive flounder IFN-γ ORF was inserted between N and P genes, rVHSV-A-IFNγ was successfully rescued, and the recombinant virus was grown well in EPC cells. On the other hand, the growth of rVHSV-A-IFNγ rescued from EPC cells was severely retarded when infected into hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells that were originated from olive flounder. These results indicate that the EPC cell's IFN-γ receptor could not bind to olive flounder IFN-γ, but the species-specific binding of IFN-γ in HINAE cells induced antiviral responses. The expression of Mx1 gene in EPC cells infected with rVHSV-A-IFNγ was not greatly different from cells infected with rVHSV-Arfp (a recombinant VHSV harboring red fluorescent protein gene between N and P genes of the genome), however, in HINAE cells, rVHSV-A-IFNγ infection induced distinctively higher Mx1 gene expression compared to other recombinant viruses. These results suggest that olive flounder IFN-γ produced from rVHSV-A-IFNγ effectively enhanced type I IFN response in HINAE cells. In the present study, the lowest mortality of olive flounder fingerlings was recorded in the group of fish challenged with rVHSV-A-IFNγ, suggesting that the recombinant VHSV was attenuated by production of IFN-γ by itself. However, although rVHSV-A-IFNγ induced significantly lower mortality, the mortality still reached to 40%. Therefore, to be safely used in the aquaculture farms as prophylactic vaccines or immunostmulators, further manipulations that can guarantee safety are needed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Olive flounder IFN-γ expressing recombinant VHSV (rVHSV-A-IFNγ) was generated. </LI> <LI> rVHSV-A-IFNγ growth in HINAE cells was severely retarded due to type I IFN response. </LI> <LI> The pathogenicity of rVHSV-A-IFNγ in olive flounder was significantly decreased. </LI> </UL> </P>

양식산 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus )의 식품학적 품질 개선에 버섯추출물이 미치는 영향

심길보 ( Kil Bo Shim ),김지회 ( Ji Hoe Kim ),윤호동 ( Ho Dong Yoon ),최혜승 ( Hae Seung Choi ),조영제 ( Young Je Cho ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

This study investigated the nutritive quality of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed either moist pellet (MP) or moist pellet mixed with mushroom extract (MPME) for 6 months. There was no significant difference in crude protein or extractive nitrogen in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus MPME (P > 0.05). The total amino acid content in the muscle of flounder fed MP was 15.22±5.24 g/100 g, compared to 19.90±2.90 g/100 g for flounder fed MPME. Essential amino acid content was 7.04±2.21 g/100 g in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus 8.94±2.50 g/100 g for MPME. Total amino acid content was higher in the muscle of olive flounder fed MPME, while essential amino acid content was higher in flounder fed MP. The ratio of non-essential amino acids to essential amino acids was 0.86± 0.07 for flounder fed MP and 0.81±0.08 for flounder fed MPME. There was no significant difference in free amino acid content and fatty acid composition. The breaking strength of muscle of olive flounder fed MP was higher (1.44± 0.51 kg/cm2) than in flounder fed MPME (1.29±0.30 kg/cm2). There was no evidence that dietary additives, such as mushroom extract, increase growth rate or nutritive quality of olive flounder.

Development and Validation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers from an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Database in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

김정은,이정호,이영미,노재구,김현철,박철지,박종원,김경길 한국발생생물학회 2014 발생과 생식 Vol.18 No.4

To successful molecular breeding, identification and functional characterization of breeding related genes anddevelopment of molecular breeding techniques using DNA markers are essential. Although the development of a usefulmarker is difficult in the aspect of time, cost and effort, many markers are being developed to be used in molecular breedingand developed markers have been used in many fields. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were widely usedfor genomic research and breeding, but has hardly been validated for screening functional genes in olive flounder. Weidentified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from expressed sequence tag (EST) database in olive flounder; out of atotal 4,327 ESTs, 693 contigs and 514 SNPs were detected in total EST, and these substitutions include 297 transitions and217 transversions. As a result, 144 SNP markers were developed on the basis of 514 SNP to selection of useful gene region,and then applied to each of eight wild and culture olive flounder (total 16 samples). In our experimental result, only 32markers had detected polymorphism in sample, also identified 21 transitions and 11 transversions, whereas indel was notdetected in polymorphic SNPs. Heterozygosity of wild and cultured olive flounder using the 32 SNP markers is 0.34 and 0.29,respectively. In conclusion, we identified SNP and polymorphism in olive flounder using newly designed marker, it supportsthat developed markers are suitable for SNP detection and diversity analysis in olive flounder. The outcome of this study canbe basic data for researches for immunity gene and characteristic with SNP.

The effects of combined dietary probiotics Lactococcus lactis BFE920 and Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 on innate immunity and disease resistance in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Beck, B.R.,Kim, D.,Jeon, J.,Lee, S.M.,Kim, H.K.,Kim, O.J.,Lee, J.I.,Suh, B.S.,Do, H.K.,Lee, K.H.,Holzapfel, W.H.,Hwang, J.Y.,Kwon, M.G.,Song, S.K. Academic Press 2015 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.42 No.1

<P>The effects of a dietary probiotic mixture containing Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis BFE920 isolated from bean sprout and autochthonous Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum FGL0001 originally isolated from the hindgut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated for the purpose of improving the probiotic effects of Lc. lactis BFE920 on the olive flounder. The immunostimulatory, disease protective, and weight gain effects of Lc. lactis BFE920 were significantly improved when olive flounder (average weight 37.5 +/- 1.26 g) were fed the probiotic mixture (log(10) 7.0 CFU each/g feed pellet) for 30 days. Flounder fed the mixture showed improved skin mucus lysozyme activity and phagocytic activity of innate immune cells compared to flounder fed a single probiotic agent or a control diet. While the levels of neutrophil activity in flounder fed the single probiotic agent or the mixture were similar, they were significantly higher than levels in a control group. Additionally, probiotic-fed flounder showed significantly increased expressions of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in the intestine compared to the control group. Following a 30-day period of being fed probiotics or a control diet, the olive flounder were challenged with an i.p. injection of Streptococcus iniae (log(10) 6.0 CFU/fish). The groups fed the mixed probiotics, Lc. lactis BFE920, Lb. plantarum FGL0001, and the control diet had survival rates of 55%, 45%, 35%, and 20%, respectively. Flounder fed the probiotic mixture gained 38.1 +/- 2.8% more body weight compared to flounder fed the control diet during the 30-day study period. These data strongly suggest that a mixture of Lc. lactis BFE920 and Lb. plantarum FGL0001 may serve as an immunostimulating feed additive useful for disease protection in the fish farming industry. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 Streptococcus parauberis 인위감염을 위한 공격실험 방법에 관한 연구

김태호,이남실,최혜승,정승희,한현자 한국수산과학회 2020 한국수산과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Streptococcosis in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus can be caused by Streptococcus parauberis. We compared three routes of administration for experimental injections of the S. parauberis 19FBSPa0003 strain in the olive flounder. Pathological changes were observed during the experimental infection. Inflammation of the serous membrane in the liver, intestine, spleen and heart was the major pathological change found in the infected olive flounder. No mortality was observed in fish that received intraperitoneal (IP) injection at less than 1×104 colony-forming unit (CFU)/fish. The lethal dose 50 for olive flounder, given an intravenous (IV) injection, was 7.94×104 CFU/fish. Fish with a higher concentration of IV injected S. parauberis (1×108 CFU/fish) died within a maximum of two days. However, serious necrosis and bacterial proliferation in ellipsoidal cells of the spleen and heart tissues were found in moribund or dead fish, 1-2 days after IV injection. Similar histopathological signs were observed in olive flounder inoculated by subcutaneous (SC) infected and naturally infected. In addition, SC was also strongly associated with bacteria concentration and cumulative mortality rate. Based on these results, SC is the recommended method for artificial infection by S. parauberis in the olive flounder.

EST-based Identification of Genes Expressed in the Brain of the Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Lee, Jeong-Ho,Noh, Jae-Koo,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Park, Choul-Ji,Min, Byung-Hwa,Kim, Young-Ok,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Kim, Kyung-Kil,Kim, Woo-Jin,Myeong, Jeong-In The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2009 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.12 No.4

We have constructed a cDNA library using brain samples of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Here, we described the study on gene identification by screening 356 clones from the brain cDNA library of olive flounder. Here, we screened 356 clones from the library to identify genes. Of these, 176 (49.5%) were identified as orthologs of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 176 EST clones, 33 (18.7%) represented 11 unique genes that are identical to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) reported for olive flounder, and 120 (68.2%) represented 102 unique genes known from other organisms. The percentage of unknown genes (50.5%) is higher than in other olive flounder cDNA libraries (Lee et al., 2003, 2006, 2007), reflecting the high complexity of brain tissue. Further studies of expression characterization and developmental behavior related to these genes should provide useful insight into the physiological functions of the brain in olive flounder.