영추 (靈樞) 경근편 (經筋篇)에 대한 연구

이석모(Suk Mo Lee),정헌영(Heon Young Jeong),금경수(Kyung Soo Keum) 대한한의진단학회 1999 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

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새만금 간척종합개발사업에 대한 환경회계

이석모(Suk Mo Lee) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2001 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

부산 이기대 지역의 해조상 및 군집구조

신봉균,권천중,이석모,최창근,Shin, Bong-Kyun,Kwon, Chun-Jung,Lee, Suk-Mo,Choi, Chang-Geun 해양환경안전학회 2014 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라 동남해 연안 해역에 위치한 이기대 지역에서 2010년 5월부터 2011년 2월까지 계절별로 해조상 및 군집구조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 조사기간 동안 녹조류 9종, 갈조류 14종, 홍조류 43을 포함한 총 66종이 동정되었으며, 16종의 해조류는 조사지역에서 연중 출현하였다. 계절별 평균 현존량은 봄 $123.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 여름 $2,061.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 가을 $412.0g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 겨울 $678.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 나타났다. 종조성의 차이는 주변의 오염원이 존재하지 않는 정점 3과 4에 비하여 주변 하천의 영향을 받는 정점 1로 갈수록 종조성이 상대적으로 낮은 경향을 보였는데 이는 주변의 용호천, 대연천, 남부하수처리장 방류수에 의한 영향으로 판단되었다. 해조군집의 생태적 특성을 판단할 수 있는 R/P, C/P, (R+C)/P 값은 각각 3.07, 0.64, 3.71로 나타났으며, 해조류의 외부형태와 내부구조 등에 따라 구분되는 6가지 기능형군에 따른 분류결과는 성긴분기형 39.39 %, 엽상형 30.30 %, 다육질형 13.64 %, 사상형 12.12 %, 각상형 3.03 %, 유절산호말형 1.52 %으로 나타났다. 한편, 이기대 지역의 해조류 개체수는 1996년부터 1997년에 96종, 2010년부터 2011년에 66종으로 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 주변하천과 하수처리장의 방류수 등에 의한 영향으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 대도시 인근 연안의 해조군락 보호 및 육성을 위하여 연안역에 유입되는 오하수의 처리 및 해조장 복원과 같은 적극적인 해양환경 유지관리방법이 체계적으로 추진되어야 할 것이다. Marine algal flora and community structure were seasonally investigated at four sites in the vicinity of the Igidae on the southern east coast of Korea from May 2010 to February 2011. A total of 66 species including 9 of Chlorophyta, 14 of Phaeophyta, 43 of Rhodophyta were found during the survey period. Among these species, 16 species were found throughout the year. Seasonal mean biomass in wet weight was 123.6 (spring), 2,061.6 (summer), 412.0 (autumn), 678.9 (winter) $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$. Maximum biomass was recorded in summer($2,061.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$), and minimum was recorded in spring($123.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$). Spatial maximum and minimum species number were recorded at station 3 and 4(50 species) and at station 1(47 species). At station 1, 2 directly exposure on Yongho and Daeyeon cheon (stream) run off, and discharge from Nambu sewage treatment plants near coastal area, species diversity was relatively low and dominant species were similar throughout four seasons. The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P value reflecting flora characteristics were 3.07, 0.64 and 3.71, respectively. The flora investigated could be classified into six functional groups such as coarsely branch form 39.39 %, sheet form 30.30 %, thick leather form 13.64 %, filamentous form 12.12 %, crustose form 3.03% and jointed calcareous form 1.52 % during survey period. The number of marine algae species in Igidea were 96 species at 1996 to 1997 and 66 species at 2010 to 2011, respectively. The change of seaweed species is due to the pollution loaded from sewage treatment plant and stream. We thus recommend that the positive maintenance control method like sewage treatment, for the protection of seaweed bed should be proceeded to near coastal area.

낙동강유역의 오염총량관리계획에 따른 수질관리 개선방안

김진이 ( Jin Lee Kim ),박주현 ( Ju Hyun Park ),정동일 ( Doug Il Jung ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2008 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

회동저수지로 유입되는 지천의 수질환경인자에 대한 조사

정화숙 ( Hwa Suk Jeong ),김경아 ( Kyoung A Kim ),배석문 ( Seog Moon Bae ),노재순 ( Jae Sun Ro ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2009 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

낙동강수계 인공습지의 영양염 저류 효과

이병현(Byunghyun Lee),정인용(Inyong Jeong),김태석(Tae Suk Kim),문보라(Bora Moon),이석모(Suk Mo Lee) 한국생태공학회 2022 한국생태공학회지 Vol.9 No.1

As projects for maintenance and restoration of the river basin ecosystem are implemented, a riverine ecobelt creation project is being promoted to purchase and restore land in the Nakdong River basin. This study analyzed the effects of nutrients retention at two artificial wetlands and one pot seedling restoration area created by the Nakdong River basin's riverine ecobelt creation project. By type of retention, the amount of nutrient stored by plants was the highest, and the amount of nutrient stored by land plants was higher than that of aquatic plants. The total amount of retention was the largest in september in all study sites. As a result of evaluating the nutrients retention effect of each study site, the reduction rate of pot seedling restoration area was the highest. And the result showed that pot seedling restoration area reduces nutrients by 10.19% of nitrogen, 58.89% of phosphorus out of the total nutrients loading, through the only 5.95% area of the total basin area. Considering the Nakdong River basin's riverine ecobelt creation project in terms of the nutrients retention effect, it is more appropriate for that purpose to promote planting-type creation projects such as pot seedling restoration.

Emergy 분석을 이용한 낙동강유역의 오염총량관리계획에 대한 환경회계

김진이 ( Jin Lee Kim ),이수웅 ( Su Woong Lee ),김용석 ( Yong Seok Kim ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This study, which evaluated the contribution of the real economic value and system in the Nakdong River Basin, estimated the emergy analysis for environmental accounting of the TMDL program. And an environmental accounting for TMDL is evaluated before and after adopting TMDL program respectively. The value of emergy after adopting the TMDL was 7.90 E+20 sej/yr. Although the real yield of the river after governmental investment was high (before: 9.7118 E+20 sej/yr and after: 9.7224 E+20 sej/yr), the effects of improvement was not great, in terms of an investment cost. The benefit/cost ratio resulted from environmental accounting has decreased from 1.493 to 1.230 due to the cost of managing treatment facilities. The method of improving water quality in the Nakdong River Basin by the TMDL program should be changed into an ecological treatment facilities using resources efficiently from a control of water quality depending on expansion of the wastewater treatment facilities and advanced treatment plant using high cost and non-renewable energies.

수영만 수질에 미치는 비점원 오염부하의 특성과 영향

조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ),박청길 ( Chung Kil Park ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

강우시 유출되는 비점원오염물질의 유출특성을 조사하고, 수영만에 있어서 하천오염물질이 만내로 유입되어 미치는 영향을 4가지 경우인 점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 1), 연간 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 2), 우기시 오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 3)과 실측강우 조사기간동안 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 4)으로 나누어 예측 및 평가하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 비점원오염물질의 특성을 보면 강우시 하천의 수질변동은 강우강도와 유량의 증감과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 증감한다. COD, TSS와 VSS의 경우는 2차 강우 후 유량이 최대인 65.736㎥/s가 될 때 오염물질의 최대치가 나타났는데 최대치는 각각 121.4㎎/l, 1148.0㎎/l와 262.0㎎/l를 보여주었다. 그리고 영양염류인 경우는 1차 강우가 시작되어 유량이 1차 최대치인 4.686㎥/s로 증가할 때 최대치를 보여주는데 TIN, NH4(-) -N, NO2(-) -N과 PO4(3-) -P는 각각 20.306㎎/l, 14.154㎎/l, 9.571㎎/l와 1.785㎎/l를 나타내며 2차 강우가 시작된 후 약간 증가하다가 감소하였다. 해수유동모델에 의한 결과를 보면 만내 유향은 낙조시에 시계방향으로 창조시에 반시계방향으로 북동-남서방향이다. 만내 조류속은 최대 0.3m/s이고 만외유속은 0.4m/s 정도이며 계산치는 관측치와 매우 유사하게 재현되고 있다. 확산모델의 보정은 점원오염부하량이 만내에 미치는 영향을 수영만내 관측치를 이용해 반복 시뮬레이션하여 보정하였고 보정결과 COD, SS의 계산 결과는 관측치와 잘 일치하였다. 확산모델의 적용결과 수영강의 오염부하는 낙조시에는 해운대 해수욕장으로 창조시는 광안리 해수욕장으로 수질을 악화시켰다. 비점원오염부하가 만내에 미치는 영향을 재현시킨 결과 연간 강우로 인한 비점원오염부하(Case 2)와 우기시 강우로 인한 오염부하(Case 3)가 미치는 영향은 점원오염부하(Case 1)가 만내 수질이 미치는 영향과 비교해 광안리 해수욕장의 오염부하를 약간 증가시키며 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 강우 조사시 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 4)은 수영만내에 매우 심각한 오염현상을 보여준다. 낙조시에는 COD와 SS의 만내의 농도 분포는 각각 2.0~30.0㎎/l와 7.0~200.0㎎/l를 보여준다. 낙조시에는 창조시보다 낮은 오염정도를 나타내나 해운대 해수욕장으로는 높은 오염을 가중시키는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그러나 강우가 멈춘 후 24시간이 경과하여 실측한 수영만의 오염분포를 보면 건기시 해역농도에 비해 약간 높은 농도분포를 보여 주는 것으로 보아 입자가 큰 침강성 고형물질의 빠른 침강과 수영만내 해수유동으로 인해 빠르게 확산되어 농도가 감소되는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 강우가 시작한 후 매우 높은 오염물질을 함유하는 강우유출수가 만내로 유입될 때의 충격부하는 수영만의 해양생태계에 심각한 영향을 미치리라 예상 되며 만약 이들 강우유출수를 처리하여 만내로 유출시키면 만내 수질은 개선되리라 사료된다. The most obvious and easily recognizable sources of potential water pollution are point sources such as domestic and industrial wastes. But recently, the potential effects of nonpoint sources on water quality have been increased apparently. In order to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of nonpoint sources on water quality, this study was performed in Suyeong Bay from May, 1992 to July, 1992. The depth-averaged 2-dimensional numerical model, which consists of the hydrodynamic model and the diffusion model was applied to simulate the water quality in Suyeong Bay. When flowrate was 65.736㎥/s, the concentration of pollutants (COD, TSS and VSS) at Oncheon stream (Sebeong bridge) during second flush were very high as much as 121.4㎎/l of COD, 1148.0㎎/l of TSS and 262.0㎎/l of VSS. When flowrate was 4.686㎥/s, the concentration of pollutants (TIN, NH4(+)-­N, NO2(-)-N and PO4(3-)-P) during the first flush were very high as much as 20.306㎎/l of TIN, 14.154㎎/l of NH4(+)-N, 9.571㎎/l of NO2(-)-N and 1.785㎎/l of PO4(3-)-P. As results of the hydrodynamic model simulation, the computed maximum velocity of tidal currents in Suyeong Bay was 0.3m/s and their direction was clockwise flow for ebb tide and counter clockwise flow for flood tide. Four different methods were applied for the diffusion simulation in Suyeong Bay. There were the effects for the water quality due to point loads, annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather and the investigation period, respectively. The effects of annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather seem to be slightly deteriorated in comparison with the effects of point loads. However, the bay was significantly polluted by the nonpoint loads during the investigation period. In this case, COD and SS concentrations ranged 2.0~30.0㎎/l, 7.0~200.0㎎/l in ebb tide, respectively. From these results, it can be emphasized that the large amount of pollutants caused by nonpoint sources during the wet weather were discharged into the bay, and affected significantly to both the water quality and the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the loadings of nonpoint pollutants to plan wastewater treatment plant.

강우유출수 처리습지 관리를 위한 참조습지의 퇴적물 특성 평가

김영윤(Young Ryun Kim),이석모(Suk Mo Lee),성기준(Kijune Sung),손민호(Min Ho Son) 한국생태공학회 2016 한국생태공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

In order to provide basic information for the design, operation and management of stormwater wetland for nonpoint pollution control, seasonal changes in soil properties of the reference wetland in the lower Nakdong river basin were analyzed for about two years. The reference wetland had morphological features that could increase the retention capacity due to deep water depth and long aspect ratio. Organic matter, total nitrogen and avaliable phosphorus concentrations were higher in growing season (GS) than in non growing season (NGS), but no significant differences were observed between them. It seems to be affected mainly by influent load of organic matter rather than the internal vegetation cycles. Soil pH was significantly higher in GS than in NGS, probably due to the consumption of the hydrogen ions during the reduction of nitrate and iron (III) ions under the reducing conditions. Cation exchange capacity concentration showed similar variation with pH, but no significant difference was observed between seasons. The activity of dehydrogenase was significantly higher in GS, presumably due to the abundance of organic matter in the soil layer and a favorable temperature environment for microbial activity. In future study, it will be necessary to include biogeochemical indicators such as C:N:P ratio and various extracellular enzyme activities in order to utilize the reference wetland for the developmental and functional evaluation of the stormwater wetland.

Emergy 분석법에 의한 녹색 GDP 산정

이동주 ( Dong Joo Lee ),조효선 ( Hyo Seon Jo ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.9

The gross domestic product(GDP) measures the welfare of a nation’s economy through the aggregation of products and services produced in a nation. Although GDP is a proficient measure of the magnitude of the economy, many economists, environmentalists, and citizens have recently criticized the gross domestic product. The criticism stems from the fact that this measurement of domestic product does not account for environmental degradation and resource depletion. We need to estimate the environmentally adjusted net domestic product. The gross domestic product was 913 trillion won while environmental protection expenditure was 32.9 trillion won by monetary accounts of Korea, 2010. Loss of natural assets was 76.6 trillion emwon by emergy analysis of Korea, 2010. The Green GDP was accounted for 88.0% of the GDP to 803.5 trillion won.