감정 연구용 얼굴 표정 영상 개발 및 예비 표준화

이원희,채정호,박원명,이경욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : In recent years there has been a discernible increase of interest in facial expressions as a tool for affective neurosciences research which investigates the neural circuit for emotional perception and control. Though substantial researches have documented the universality of several emotional expressions, researches have shown evidences for cross-cultural differences of facial emotion recognition. Therefore the need for facial expressions of Koreans is gathering strength. Thus we developed the images of facial expressions of Korean people as a research tool for affective neurosciences and standardized them. Methods : Three professional actors and three actresses were participated in this study (two in their twenties, two in their forties, two in their sixties). They were asked to pose each of the following facial expressions in turn : happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust and surprise. And facial emotion identification test was done for one hundred common person to get percent of judgment of each emotion and intensity ratings for each photographs. Results : Six facial expressions in each subject were obtained. Among six emotions, subjects performed better on the re-cognition of happiness and worse on the recognition of fear and disgust. Also, each emotion term was presented with a 9-point(0-8) scale on which subjects rated. All emotion terms displayed 4.7-7.0 point scale. Conclusion : We could obtain facial expressions of Koreans for happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise and neutral,and then standardized them. As a tool for affective neurosciences, it can be used for the investigation of neural circuit for emotion recognition and control.

Why Biological Psychiatry Hasn’t Delivered Yet – and Why Neurology Knows

Stefan Frisch 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.12

It is increasingly recognized that neuroscience has not delivered the revolutionary clinical possibilities for psychiatry that had been promised. Explanations differ, however: some proponents emphasize the divide between biopsychosocial psychiatry and mechanistic neurology. Others rely on further basic experimental neuroscience as only the most elementary level of explanation will allow us to fully understand and treat mental disorders. From a clinical-neuropsychological perspective, I shall argue that both views are mistaken. Diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases demands a biopsychosocial perspective similar to psychiatry. Acknowledging this might help to bring both disciplines together and improve clinical outcome.

Effects of pain neuroscience education on kinesiophobia in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kim, Hyunjoong,Lee, Seungwon korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2020 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.9 No.4

Objective: One of the treatment strategies for controlling chronic pain and preventing disability is patient education. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has been proven to be effective in explaining the biological and physiological processes associated with pain experiences to patients. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of PNE for kinesiophobia such as avoidance response in patients with chronic pain. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials databases were searched through November 2020 and included a randomized controlled trials evaluating kinesiophobia in musculoskeletal patients with chronic pain. In 8 randomized controlled trial studies, 'Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB) tool was used for qualitative analysis, and results of post-intervention were analyzed through RevMan 5.4 for quantitative analysis. Results: For this review, 8 randomized controlled trials of 369 patients with chronic pain were selected for PNE. A systematic review and meta-analysis also included 8 randomized controlled trials. The effect on kinesiophobia was more effective than the control group (-0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.22 to -0.51; heterogeneity [χ²=21.18, df=7, I²=67%]; overall effect [Z=4.80]). In addition, the effect on pain was more effective than the control group (-0.53; 95% CI, -1.05 to -0.01; heterogeneity [χ²=47.42, df=7, I²=85%]; overall effect [Z=2.01]). Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that PNE and combined PNE have a positive effect on the improvement of pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic pain.

Development and Standardization of Extended ChaeLee Korean Facial Expressions of Emotions

KyoungUk Lee,JiEun Kim,Bora Yeon,SeungHwan Kim,JeongHo Chae 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.2

Objective-In recent years there has been an enormous increase of neuroscience research using the facial expressions of emotion. This has led to a need for ethnically specific facial expressions data, due to differences of facial emotion processing among different ethnicities. Methods-Fifty professional actors were asked to pose with each of the following facial expressions in turn: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise, and neutral. A total of 283 facial pictures of 40 actors were selected to be included in the validation study. Facial expression emotion identification was performed in a validation study by 104 healthy raters who provided emotion labeling, valence ratings, and arousal ratings. Results-A total of 259 images of 37 actors were selected for inclusion in the Extended ChaeLee Korean Facial Expressions of Emotions tool, based on the analysis of results. In these images, the actors’ mean age was 38±11.1 years (range 26-60 years), with 16 (43.2%) males and 21 (56.8%) females. The consistency varied by emotion type, showing the highest for happiness (95.5%) and the lowest for fear (49.0%). The mean scores for the valence ratings ranged from 4.0 (happiness) to 1.9 (sadness, anger, and disgust). The mean scores for the arousal ratings ranged from 3.7 (anger and fear) to 2.5 (neutral). Conclusion-We obtained facial expressions from individuals of Korean ethnicity and performed a study to validate them. Our results provide a tool for the affective neurosciences which could be used for the investigation of mechanisms of emotion processing in healthy individuals as well as in patients with various psychiatric disorders.

fNIRS를 이용한 피아노 즉흥연주와 재현연주에서의 전전두피질의 뇌 활성도 비교 분석

조겨리,강효지 한국융합과학회 2023 한국융합과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

Purpose This study to aims to examine and compare the brain activity during various types of piano performance, including representation, variation, and improvisation, and analyze the factors that affect the differences of the brain activity. Methods The brain activity during the performances was measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the comparative analysis was performed with statistical models. In addition, the subject carried out a survey about flow, difficulty, self-efficacy and density which were used for multiple linear regression to examine their effect on the brain activity. Result The analysis results revealed inhibitory activity in the right middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus during improvisation, which was influenced by subjective difficulty levels of the musical pieces and the number of notes played. Conclusion In this study, we found the relationship between the musical improvisation and deactivation of prefrontal cortex and various factors relevant to the brain activity. These findings can contribute to expanding our neuroscientific understanding of musical creativity and clarifying the potential efficacy of music therapy and education especially for diseases or disorders regarding the brain deactivation

신경범죄학 : 뇌영상을 활용한 공격성 및 범죄 행동의 이해

유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,정유진,문소현,김영은,강일향,김영훈,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Eujin,Moon, Sohyeon,Kim, Nicole Y.,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Young Hoon,Shin, Kyu 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

Criminology has been understood within a sociological framework until the emergence of neurocriminology, which describes, understands and predicts criminal behaviors from a neurobiological point of view. Not only using biological factors including genes and hormones to understand criminal behaviors, but also using neuroimaging techniques, the field of neurocriminology aims to delve into both structural and functional differences in the brain of individuals with aggression, antisocial personalities, and even the criminals. Various studies have been conducted based on this idea, however, there still are limitations for the knowledge from these studies to be used in the court. In this review article, we provide an overview of the various research in neurocriminology, and provide insight into the future direction and implication of the field.

The Impact of N-acetylcysteine on Major Depression: Qualitative Observation and Mixed Methods Analysis of Participant Change during a 12-week Randomised Controlled Trial

Samantha E. Russell(Samantha E. Russell ),David R. Skvarc(David R. Skvarc ),Mohammadreza Mohebbi(Mohammadreza Mohebbi ),David Camfield(David Camfield ),Linda K. Byrne(Linda K. Byrne ),Alyna Turner(Aly 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2

Objective: N -acetylcysteine (NAC) is a novel therapeutic agent with multiple mechanisms of action in the central nervous system and a favourable side effect profile. Clinical evidence indicates that adjunctive NAC may reduce the severity of depressive symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A 12-week randomised controlled trial of 2,000 mg/day adjunctive NAC for MDD found no significant improvement at the primary endpoint (week 12) but did see improvements at the post-discontinuation interview (week 16). Within the context of patient-centered treatment, mixed-methods qualitative analysis was also included to explore factors that may determine individual responses to adjunctive NAC treatment. These data were drawn, under blinded conditions, from clinician notes recorded in the case report form. Using the DSM-5 symptom profile for MDD as the initial framework, themes were developed and explored. Frequencies were compared between placebo and NAC groups. Results: Per protocol analysis of individual themes across the six interviews revealed group differences in favour of NAC for overall depressive affect, optimism, relationships and reduced functional impairment. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence for the utility of the mixed methods approach complimenting the primary findings using traditional quantitative analyses, as well as being able to capture additional, often more subtle, evidence of individual symptom-level change that reflects improvement in functional abilities in response to NAC supplementation. The use of mixed methods to explore outcomes from psychiatric studies should be considered in future to work towards improved patient-centred care and both confirm quantitative findings and generate novel hypotheses.

Mixed Methods Thematic Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Mitochondrial Agents for Bipolar Depression

Samantha E. Russell,Anna L. Wrobel,Olivia M. Dean,Michael Berk,Seetal Dodd,Chee H. Ng,Gin S. Malhi,Susan M. Cotton,Jerome Sarris,Alyna Turner 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.2

Objective: There is often a shortfall in recovery following treatment for an episode of bipolar disorder (BD). Exploration of participant’s experience provides vital information to enhance statistical outcomes for novel therapy trials. This study used mixed-methods to explore participants’ experience of a trial testing N -acetyl cysteine (NAC) and mitochondrially active nutraceuticals for BD depression. Methods: Case report forms from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of BD depression (n = 148) were analysed using a pragmatic adaption of grounded theory and thematic analysis. Results: Thematic analysis of 148 study participants indicated numerous changes in participant experience over time. For example, perceived environmental stressors reported by participants decreased over the trial in both treatment groups. Quantitative analysis of the themes revealed more positive theme reports in the combination treatment arm compared to the placebo arm and there were more negative themes identified in the placebo arm, compared to the NAC arm. Conclusion: This approach revealed additional results not elucidated in the primary quantitative analysis. This emphasises the value of mixed-methods research in capturing participants’ experiences in RCTs and detecting possible latent benefits and risks. Such methods can detect latent target signals in novel therapy trials conducted in BD and generate novel hypotheses.

의식에 대한 신경과학적 설명

김희철 한국정신병리-진단분류학회 2022 精神病理學 Vol.26 No.2

The study of consciousness is a long-standing central challenge in the relationshipbetween the brain and the mind. One key step towards understanding consciousness is to empirically narrow down neural processes associated with the subjective experience of a particular content (neural reductionism). The fundamental methodological problem in consciousness research is the subjectivity of the target phenomenon the fact that conscious experience is always tied to an individual, first-person perspective. The core empirical question is whether and how physical states of the human nervous system can be mapped onto the content of conscious experience. The search for the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has become a highly active field of investigation in recent years. In functional imaging studies, several regions have been proposed to constitute possible candidates for NCC. Extended reticular-thalamic activation system, 40-hertz rhythmic activity in thalamocortical systems, and neurons in the visual cortex projecting to prefrontal areas are possible candidates for NCC. Recent advances in neuroimaging methods are now allowing scientists to obtain new information about NCC. The brain can be understood as a complex system or network, in which consciousness emerges from the interaction between multiple physical and functional levels. This emergent property of consciousness is the challenge that must be addressed in modern science. This review briefly introduced various academic perspectives on the problem of human consciousness, which have been studied by many philosophers and brain scientistsup to now and reviewed the results of recent studies on consciousness from a neuroscientific perspective.

요양보호사의 마음건강, 관점수용, 노인 돌봄태도 및 정량 뇌파 분석 연구

원희욱,손해경 한국직업건강간호학회 2020 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mental fitness, perspective taking, attitude toward the elderly, and quantitative encephalogram among caregivers. Methods: In this mixed method research, 14 female caregivers at an elderly care facility in Y city were participated from December 1st to December 31st, 2019. Structured questionnaires were applied to measure general characteristics, mental fitness, perspective taking, and attitude toward the elderly. Brain waves were measured by quantitative encephalogram in the prefrontal lobe. High frequency and high level of care tasks were analyzed using content analysis. Results: According to analysis of brain waves, caregivers experienced high level of physical strain & stress and psychological distraction & stress. Mental fitness (p<.05) and perspective taking (p<.001) were associated with attitude toward the elderly. Moreover, physical strain & stress was associated with psychological distraction & stress (p<.05, p<.001). High frequency and high level tasks were excretion and position change & movement care related tasks, respectively. Conclusion: These findings should be consider as an evidence for supporting care tasks based on concrete and objective understanding of caregivers using self-reported index as well as neurophysiological indicators including brain waves.